来自 Boost.Spirit 语法的属性：来自 std:vector 或 boost::variant 的错误

Question

我得到了一个用于读取棋盘游戏（国际跳棋，official grammar）位置描述的工作解析器：

#include <boost/spirit/home/x3.hpp>
#include <iostream>

namespace x3 = boost::spirit::x3;

auto const colon   = x3::lit(':');
auto const comma   = x3::lit(',');
auto const dash    = x3::lit('-');
auto const dot     = x3::lit('.');    
auto const king    = x3::char_('K');
auto const color   = x3::char_("BW");
auto const num_sq  = x3::int_;

auto const num_pc  = -king >> num_sq;               // Kxx means king on square xx, xx a man on that square
auto const num_rng = num_pc >> dash >> num_sq;      // xx-yy means range of squares xx through yy (inclusive)
auto const num_seq = (num_rng | num_pc) % comma;    // <--- attribute should be std::vector<boost::variant>
auto const ccn     = colon >> color >> -num_seq;
auto const num_not = x3::repeat(2)[ccn];            // need to specify both white and black pieces
auto const fen     = color >> num_not >> -dot;

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现在我想从合成属性中提取值，所以我围绕 Boost.Fusion 等进行了样板舞蹈，

namespace ast {

struct num_pc  { boost::optional<char> k; int sq; };
struct num_rng { boost::optional<char> k; int first, last; };
using rng_or_pc = boost::variant<num_rng, num_pc>;
struct num_seq { std::vector<rng_or_pc> sqrs; };
struct ccn     { char c; boost::optional<num_seq> seq; };
struct num_not { std::vector<ccn> n; };
struct fen     { char c; num_not n; };

}   // namespace ast

BOOST_FUSION_ADAPT_STRUCT(ast::num_pc,  (boost::optional<char>, k), (int, sq))
BOOST_FUSION_ADAPT_STRUCT(ast::num_rng, (boost::optional<char>, k), (int, first), (int, last))
BOOST_FUSION_ADAPT_STRUCT(ast::num_seq, (std::vector<ast::rng_or_pc>, sqrs))
BOOST_FUSION_ADAPT_STRUCT(ast::ccn,     (char, c), (boost::optional<ast::num_seq>, seq))
BOOST_FUSION_ADAPT_STRUCT(ast::num_not, (std::vector<ast::ccn>, n))
BOOST_FUSION_ADAPT_STRUCT(ast::fen,     (char, c), (ast::num_not, n))

x3::rule<class num_pc_class,  ast::num_pc > num_pc  = "num_pc";
x3::rule<class num_rng_class, ast::num_rng> num_rng = "num_rng";
x3::rule<class num_seq_class, ast::num_seq> num_seq = "num_seq";
x3::rule<class ccn_class,     ast::ccn    > ccn     = "ccn";
x3::rule<class num_not_class, ast::num_not> num_not = "num_not";
x3::rule<class fen_class,     ast::fen    > fen     = "fen";

auto const colon   = x3::lit(':');
auto const comma   = x3::lit(',');
auto const dash    = x3::lit('-');
auto const dot     = x3::lit('.');    
auto const king    = x3::char_('K');
auto const color   = x3::char_("BW");
auto const num_sq  = x3::int_;

auto const num_pc_def  = -king >> num_sq;
auto const num_rng_def = num_pc >> dash >> num_sq;
auto const num_seq_def = (num_rng | num_pc) % comma;
auto const ccn_def     = colon >> color >> -num_seq;
auto const num_not_def = x3::repeat(2)[ccn];
auto const fen_def     = color >> num_not >> -dot;

BOOST_SPIRIT_DEFINE(num_pc, num_rng, num_seq, ccn, num_not, fen)

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但是，我收到一条错误消息说

error: static_assert failed "Attribute does not have the expected size."

还有几页：

^ main.cpp:16:8: note: candidate constructor (the implicit move constructor) not viable: no known conversion from 'std::vector<boost::variant<ast::num_rng, ast::num_pc>, std::allocator<boost::variant<ast::num_rng, ast::num_pc> > >' to 'ast::num_seq' for 1st argument struct num_seq { std::vector<rng_or_pc> sqrs; };

^ main.cpp:16:8: note: candidate constructor (the implicit copy constructor) not viable: no known conversion from 'std::vector<boost::variant<ast::num_rng, ast::num_pc>, std::allocator<boost::variant<ast::num_rng, ast::num_pc> > >' to 'const ast::num_seq' for 1st argument struct num_seq { std::vector<rng_or_pc> sqrs; };

问题: 这个错误是从哪里来的，如何解决？显然我的 num_seq 规则的综合属性不等于 std::vector<boost::variant>>。我该如何纠正？

Answer 1

我花了一些时间试图理解语法。

I strongly suggest readable identifiers. It's very hard to understand what's going on, while I have the strong impression it's actually a really simple grammar

我建议使用如下所示的简化版本。

因为您的语法不使用递归，所以不需要规则和标记的解析器类型。
还为解析器工件使用命名空间。
考虑使用船长进行封装，而不是让调用者决定 (x3::skip[])

添加几个助手可以打印 AST 进行验证：

template <typename T> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, std::vector<T> const& v) {
    os << "{"; for (auto& el : v) os << el << " "; return os << "}";
}
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, num_pc const& p)  { if (p.k) os << p.k; return os << p.sq; }
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, num_rng const& r) { return os << r.pc << "-" << r.last; }
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, ccn const& o)     { return os << o.c << " " << o.seq;                      } 
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, num_not const& nn) { return os << nn.n; }

我也会避免不必要地包装另一个向量：
```
using num_not = std::vector<ccn>;
```

使用现代 ADAPT 宏（根据定义，您使用的是 C++14）：

BOOST_FUSION_ADAPT_STRUCT(ast::num_pc,  k, sq)
BOOST_FUSION_ADAPT_STRUCT(ast::num_rng, pc, last)
BOOST_FUSION_ADAPT_STRUCT(ast::ccn,     c, seq)
BOOST_FUSION_ADAPT_STRUCT(ast::fen,     c, n)

现场演示

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#include <boost/fusion/include/adapt_struct.hpp>
#include <boost/fusion/include/as_vector.hpp>
#include <boost/fusion/include/io.hpp>
#include <boost/optional/optional_io.hpp>
#include <boost/optional.hpp>
#include <boost/spirit/home/x3.hpp>
#include <boost/variant.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

namespace ast {

    struct num_pc {
        boost::optional<char> k;
        int sq;
    };

    struct num_rng {
        num_pc pc;
        int last;
    };

    using rng_or_pc = boost::variant<num_rng, num_pc>;
    using num_seq = std::vector<rng_or_pc>;

    struct ccn {
        char c;
        boost::optional<num_seq> seq;
    };

    using num_not = std::vector<ccn>;

    struct fen {
        char c;
        num_not n;
    };

    template <typename T> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, std::vector<T> const& v) {
        os << "{"; for (auto& el : v) os << el << " "; return os << "}";
    }
    std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, num_pc const& p)  { if (p.k) os << p.k; return os << p.sq; }
    std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, num_rng const& r) { return os << r.pc << "-" << r.last; }
    std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, ccn const& o)     { return os << o.c << " " << o.seq;                      } 
}

BOOST_FUSION_ADAPT_STRUCT(ast::num_pc,  k, sq)
BOOST_FUSION_ADAPT_STRUCT(ast::num_rng, pc, last)
BOOST_FUSION_ADAPT_STRUCT(ast::ccn,     c, seq)
BOOST_FUSION_ADAPT_STRUCT(ast::fen,     c, n)

namespace FEN {
    namespace x3 = boost::spirit::x3;

    namespace grammar
    {
        using namespace x3;

        template<typename T>
            auto as = [](auto p) { return rule<struct _, T>{} = as_parser(p); };

        uint_type const number {};
        auto const color   = char_("BW");
        auto const num_pc  = as<ast::num_pc>  ( -char_('K') >> number          ); 
        auto const num_rng = as<ast::num_rng> ( num_pc >> '-' >> number        ); 
        auto const num_seq = as<ast::num_seq> ( (num_rng | num_pc) % ','       ); 
        auto const ccn     = as<ast::ccn>     ( ':' >> color >> -num_seq       ); 
        auto const num_not = as<ast::num_not> ( repeat(2)[ccn]                 ); 
        auto const fen     = as<ast::fen>     ( color >> num_not >> -lit('.')  ); 
    }

    using grammar::fen;
}

int main() {
    for (std::string const t : {
        "B:W18,24,27,28,K10,K15:B12,16,20,K22,K25,K29",
        "B:W18,19,21,23,24,26,29,30,31,32:B1,2,3,4,6,7,9,10,11,12",
        "W:B1-20:W31-50",   // initial position
        "W:B:W",            // empty board
        "W:B1:W",           // only black pieces
        "W:B:W50"           // only white pieces
    }) {
        auto b = t.begin(), e = t.end();
        ast::fen data;
        bool ok = phrase_parse(b, e, FEN::fen, FEN::x3::space, data);

        std::cout << t << "\n";
        if (ok) {
            std::cout << "Parsed: " << boost::fusion::as_vector(data) << "\n";
        } else {
            std::cout << "Parse failed:\n";
            std::cout << "\t on input: " << t << "\n";
        }
        if (b != e)
            std::cout << "\t Remaining unparsed: '" << std::string(b, e) << '\n';
    }
}

打印：

B:W18,24,27,28,K10,K15:B12,16,20,K22,K25,K29
Parsed: (B {W  {18 24 27 28  K10  K15 } B  {12 16 20  K22  K25  K29 } })
B:W18,19,21,23,24,26,29,30,31,32:B1,2,3,4,6,7,9,10,11,12
Parsed: (B {W  {18 19 21 23 24 26 29 30 31 32 } B  {1 2 3 4 6 7 9 10 11 12 } })
W:B1-20:W31-50
Parsed: (W {B  {1-20 } W  {31-50 } })
W:B:W
Parsed: (W {B -- W -- })
W:B1:W
Parsed: (W {B  {1 } W -- })
W:B:W50
Parsed: (W {B -- W  {50 } })

来自 Boost.Spirit 语法的属性：来自 std:vector 或 boost::variant 的错误

Attributes from Boost.Spirit grammar: error from std:vector of boost::variant

c++

boost

abstract-syntax-tree

c++14

boost-spirit-x3

现场演示