删除向量中除单词以外的所有单词

Removing all words except for words in a vector

从文本或字符向量中删除停用词是很常见的。我使用 tm 包中的函数 removeWords

但是,我正在尝试删除 除了 停用词之外的所有词。我有一个名为 x 的单词列表。当我使用

removeWords(text, x)

我收到这个错误:

In gsub(sprintf("(*UCP)\b(%s)\b", paste(sort(words, decreasing = TRUE), PCRE pattern compilation error 'regular expression is too large'`

我也试过使用 grep:

grep(x, text)

但这行不通,因为 x 是一个向量而不是单个字符串。

那么,我怎样才能删除所有不在该向量中的词呢?或者,我怎样才能 select 只有向量中的单词?

如果您希望 x 作为 grep 的正则表达式模式,只需使用 x <- paste(x, collapse = "|"),这样您就可以在 text 中查找这些词。但请记住,正则表达式可能仍然太大。如果你想删除任何 不是 stopword() 的词,你可以创建自己的函数:

keep_stopwords <- function(text) {
  stop_regex <- paste(stopwords(), collapse = "\b|\b")
  stop_regex <- paste("\b", stop_regex, "\b", sep = "")
  tmp <- strsplit(text, " ")[[1]]
  idx <- grepl(stop_regex, tmp)
  txt <- paste(tmp[idx], collapse = " ")
  return(txt)
}

text = "How much wood would a woodchuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood? More wood than most woodchucks would chuck if woodchucks could chuck wood, but less wood than other creatures like termites."
keep_stopwords(text)
# [1] "would a if a could than most would if could but than other"

基本上,我们只是将 stopwords() 设置为一个正则表达式,它会查找任何这些词。但是我们必须小心部分匹配,所以我们将每个停用词包装在 \b 中以确保它是完整匹配。然后我们拆分字符串,以便我们单独匹配每个单词并创建作为停用词的单词的索引。然后我们再次将这些单词粘贴在一起,return 将其作为一个字符串。

编辑

这是另一种方法,更简单易懂。它也不依赖正则表达式,这在大型文档中可能很昂贵。

keep_words <- function(text, keep) {
  words <- strsplit(text, " ")[[1]]
  txt <- paste(words[words %in% keep], collapse = " ")
  return(txt)
}
x <- "How much wood would a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood? More wood than most woodchucks would chuck if woodchucks could chuck wood, but less wood than other creatures like termites."
keep_words(x, stopwords())
# [1] "would a if a could than most could if a could but than other"