无法使用 Python 3.2 创建 virtualenv。谁不知道？ Pip 或 setuptools 或 Python 2.7？

Question

我无法使用 virtualenvwrapper 正确安装基于 Python 3.2 的虚拟环境。我遇到了一堵神秘的墙，现在我正在寻找更多的选择来解决我的 WHODUNNIT？困境。

一些背景

我首先尝试使用来自 Python 2.7（系统的 Python 默认值）的 pip 1.5.6 安装 virtualenvwrapper。当我试图 uninstall/upgrade 我的 pip 时，我以某种方式弄坏了它。现在，如果我尝试：

$ pip 
    Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/dist-packages/distribute-0.6.28-py3.2.egg/pkg_resources.py", line 2816, in <module>
    working_set.require(__requires__)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/dist-packages/distribute-0.6.28-py3.2.egg/pkg_resources.py", line 690, in require
    needed = self.resolve(parse_requirements(requirements))
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/dist-packages/distribute-0.6.28-py3.2.egg/pkg_resources.py", line 592, in resolve
    raise VersionConflict(dist,req) # XXX put more info here
pkg_resources.VersionConflict: (pip 7.1.2 (/usr/local/lib/python3.2/dist-packages), Requirement.parse('pip==1.5.6'))

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/bin/pip", line 5, in <module>
    from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/dist-packages/distribute-0.6.28-py3.2.egg/pkg_resources.py", line 2820, in <module>
    parse_requirements(__requires__), Environment()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/dist-packages/distribute-0.6.28-py3.2.egg/pkg_resources.py", line 588, in resolve
    raise DistributionNotFound(req)
pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound: pip==1.5.6

不过，我还是安装了 PIP3.2。

$ pip3.2 --version
pip 7.1.2 from /usr/local/lib/python3.2/dist-packages (python 3.2)

所以我继续安装 virtualenvwrapper 没有问题：

$ sudo pip3.2 install virtualenvwrapper

这是 Python 3.2 所在的地方

$ whereis python3.2.3 
whereis python3.2.3
python3.2: /usr/bin/python3.2 /etc/python3.2 /usr/lib/python3.2 /usr/bin/X11/python3.2 /usr/local/lib/python3.2 /usr/include/python3.2 /opt/Python-3.2/bin/python3.2 /usr/share/man/man1/python3.2.1.gz

这是我的 virtualenv 版本：

$ virtualenv --version
14.0.6

错误

在创建 virtualenv 之前我修改了我的 .bashrc

export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs
export PROJECT_HOME=$HOME/admin/workspace
export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python3
export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_VIRTUALENV=/usr/local/bin/virtualenv
source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh

获取它之后（即 source ~/.bashrc）我无法启动 virtualenv。

$ mkvirtualenv --python=/usr/bin/python3.2 venv
Running virtualenv with interpreter /usr/bin/python3.2
New python executable in /home/admin/.virtualenvs/venv/bin/python3.2
Also creating executable in /home/admin/.virtualenvs/venv/bin/python
/usr/local/lib/python3.2/dist-packages/virtualenv-14.0.6-py3.2.egg/virtualenv_support/pip-8.0.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/_vendor/pkg_resources/__init__.py:87: UserWarning: Support for Python 3.0-3.2 has been dropped. Future versions will fail here.
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/dist-packages/virtualenv-14.0.6-py3.2.egg/virtualenv.py", line 2304, in <module>
    main()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/dist-packages/virtualenv-14.0.6-py3.2.egg/virtualenv.py", line 705, in main
    symlink=options.symlink)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/dist-packages/virtualenv-14.0.6-py3.2.egg/virtualenv.py", line 924, in create_environment
    download=download,
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/dist-packages/virtualenv-14.0.6-py3.2.egg/virtualenv.py", line 843, in install_wheel
    cert_data = pkgutil.get_data("pip._vendor.requests", "cacert.pem")
  File "/usr/lib/python3.2/pkgutil.py", line 573, in get_data
    loader = get_loader(package)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.2/pkgutil.py", line 461, in get_loader
    return find_loader(fullname)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.2/pkgutil.py", line 471, in find_loader
    for importer in iter_importers(fullname):
  File "/usr/lib/python3.2/pkgutil.py", line 427, in iter_importers
    __import__(pkg)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/dist-packages/virtualenv-14.0.6-py3.2.egg/virtualenv_support/pip-8.0.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/__init__.py", line 15, in <module>

如果我输入错误后...

$ workon
$

有趣的是 venv 是在 .virtualenvs 中创建的

可能原因

在网络上的其他地方阅读（我发现只有一个人有类似的问题）它可以使用以前版本的 virtualenv 解决（我试过没有成功），或者我可能使用了不正确的组合pip and/or virtualenv and/or virtualenvwrapper。或者可能是我的 Python2.7 在后台乱搞。

更新：设置工具

或者设置工具呢？ Apparently it has to do。尝试使用 PIP 1.5.6

时出现此错误

 UserWarning: Support for Python 3.0-3.2 has been dropped. Future versions will fail here.
 warnings.warn(msg)

另一项更新：修复了原始点

我设法使用以下方法修复了原始 pip：

$ wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
$ sudo python get-pip.py
$ pip --version 
pip 8.0.3 from /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (python 2.7)

更新：Virtualwrapper 不是！

在我自己的 'Whodunnit' 传奇中，我会说 virtualwrapper 无关。这里：

$ virtualenv -p /usr/bin/python3.2 ~/.virtualenvs/venv32
Running virtualenv with interpreter /usr/bin/python3.2
New python executable in /home/admin/.virtualenvs/venv32/bin/python3.2
Also creating executable in /home/admin/.virtualenvs/venv32/bin/python
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/virtualenv_support/pip-8.0.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/_vendor/pkg_resources/__init__.py:87: UserWarning: Support for Python 3.0-3.2 has been dropped. Future versions will fail here.

但问题依然存在。我还能尝试什么？

提前致谢！

Answer 1

如果您想使用 Python 3.2，您必须使用 pip < 8 和 virtualenv < 14。另见 https://virtualenv.pypa.io/en/latest/changes.html#id7

为什么要用远古Python3.2？您可以做的最好的事情就是安装和使用更高级的 Python >= 3.4。

无法使用 Python 3.2 创建 virtualenv。谁不知道？ Pip 或 setuptools 或 Python 2.7？

Can't create virtualenv using Python 3.2. Whodunnit? Pip or setuptools or Python 2.7?

pip

setuptools

virtualenv

virtualenvwrapper

python-3.2