使用 python zipfile 归档符号链接

Question

我有一个脚本可以创建包含符号链接的目录的 zip 文件。我惊讶地发现 zipfiles 已经压缩了目标链接而不是链接本身，这是我想要的预期的。有人知道如何获取 zipfile 来压缩链接吗？

Answer 1

zipfile doesn't appear to support storing symbolic links. The way to store them in a ZIP is actually not part of the format and is only available as a custom extension in some implementations. In particular, Info-ZIP's implementation supports them so you can delegate to it instead。确保你的解压软件可以处理这样的档案——正如我所说，这个功能没有标准化。

Answer 2

可以让 zipfile 存储符号 link，而不是文件本身。有关示例，请参阅 here。脚本的相关部分将符号 link 属性存储在 zipinfo:

zipInfo = zipfile.ZipInfo(archiveRoot)
zipInfo.create_system = 3
# long type of hex val of '0xA1ED0000L',
# say, symlink attr magic...
zipInfo.external_attr = 2716663808L
zipOut.writestr(zipInfo, os.readlink(fullPath))

Answer 3

我在 Zip 支持中定义了以下方法class

def add_symlink(self, link, target, permissions=0o777):
    self.log('Adding a symlink: {} => {}'.format(link, target))
    permissions |= 0xA000

    zi = zipfile.ZipInfo(link)
    zi.create_system = 3
    zi.external_attr = permissions << 16
    self.zip.writestr(zi, target)

Answer 4

请找到一个完整的 Python 代码作为工作示例，它创建一个 cpuinfo.zip 存档，其中符号 link cpuinfo.txt 指向 /proc/cpuinfo。

#!/usr/bin/python

import stat
import zipfile

def create_zip_with_symlink(output_zip_filename, link_source, link_target):
    zipInfo  = zipfile.ZipInfo(link_source)
    zipInfo.create_system = 3 # System which created ZIP archive, 3 = Unix; 0 = Windows
    unix_st_mode = stat.S_IFLNK | stat.S_IRUSR | stat.S_IWUSR | stat.S_IXUSR | stat.S_IRGRP | stat.S_IWGRP | stat.S_IXGRP | stat.S_IROTH | stat.S_IWOTH | stat.S_IXOTH
    zipInfo.external_attr = unix_st_mode << 16 # The Python zipfile module accepts the 16-bit "Mode" field (that stores st_mode field from struct stat, containing user/group/other permissions, setuid/setgid and symlink info, etc) of the ASi extra block for Unix as bits 16-31 of the external_attr
    zipOut = zipfile.ZipFile(output_zip_filename, 'w', compression=zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)
    zipOut.writestr(zipInfo, link_target)
    zipOut.close()

create_zip_with_symlink('cpuinfo.zip', 'cpuinfo.txt', '/proc/cpuinfo')

您可以进一步发出以下命令（例如在 Ubuntu 下）以查看存档如何解压缩为工作符号 link:

unzip cpuinfo.zip
ls -l cpuinfo.txt
cat cpuinfo.txt

Answer 5

虽然不是 POSIX 标准的一部分，但许多 zip 实现支持在条目上存储通用文件系统属性。 4字节值的高字节代表文件模式。

基本上您需要复制 ZipInfo.from_file，但不遵循 link 或截断模式：

st = os.lstat(path)
mtime = time.localtime(st.st_mtime)
info = zipfile.ZipInfo(name, mtime[0:6])
info.file_size = st.st_size
info.external_attr = st.st_mode << 16
out_zip.writestr(info, os.readlink(path))

使用 python zipfile 归档符号链接

archiving symlinks with python zipfile

python

zip

symlink

python-zipfile