使用 Linq 对具有路径和深度字段的层次结构进行排序

Sort hierarchy with path and depth fields using Linq

我实现了以下层级接口

interface ITree<T>
{
    // Incremential unique key
    int Id { get; set; }
    string Name { get; set; }
    // Hierarchy classical pattern
    T Parent { get; set; }
    ICollection<T> Children { get; set; }
    // Computed values
    int Depth { get; }
    // Hierarchy path with dotted notation (e.g.: 12.45.554.23,
    // where each path segment is an Id)
    string Path { get; set; }
}

class TreeItem : ITree<TreeItem>
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public TreeItem Parent { get; set; }
    public ICollection<TreeItem> Children { get; set; }
    public string Path { get; set; }    
    public int Depth { get { return Path.Split('.').Length - 1; } }
}

这些项目是通过Entity Framework存储和检索的,因此我们可以假设所有关系字段都不为空且一致:

考虑我有以下层次结构:

- A (Depth = 0)
-- B (Depth = 1)
-- C (Depth = 1)
- D  (Depth = 0)
-- E (Depth = 1)

我所有的元素都在一个无序的平面数组中,比方说 [D,C,B,E,A]。 我想使用 Linq 表达式按以下方式对它们进行排序:

该示例针对 2 级深度给出,但我希望表达式遍历层次结构,无论其深度如何。

请注意,我的数据结构的级别和路径字段可用于实现此目的,因为每当添加、移动或删除项目时都会重建树的所有路径,并且深度字段是使用简单的 Split('.') 在路径上。

测试样本:

var A = new TreeItem { Id = 1, Name = "A", Path = "1" };
var B = new TreeItem { Id = 2, Name = "B", Path = "1.2", Parent = A };
var C = new TreeItem { Id = 3, Name = "C", Path = "1.3", Parent = A };
var D = new TreeItem { Id = 4, Name = "D", Path = "4" };
var E = new TreeItem { Id = 5, Name = "E", Path = "4.5", Parent = D };

// populate children for the example.
// My actual code is automatic thanks to EF Inverse Relationship.
A.Children = new List<TreeItem> { B, C };
D.Children = new List<TreeItem> { E };

var listToSortHierarchically = new List<TreeItem> { D, C, B, E, A };
// I want the result of the hierarchical sort to be A B C D E

好的,首先你真的应该添加以下约束

interface ITree<T>
    where T : class, ITree<T>
{
    // ...
}

因此我们可以使用 ParentChildren 属性 w/o 转换安全地导航层次结构。

其次,我将重用我对 How to flatten tree via LINQ?(以及其他几个)的回答中的通用树顺序遍历辅助方法,而不是重新发明轮子:

public static partial class TreeUtils
{
    public static IEnumerable<T> Expand<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, IEnumerable<T>> elementSelector)
    {
        var stack = new Stack<IEnumerator<T>>();
        var e = source.GetEnumerator();
        try
        {
            while (true)
            {
                while (e.MoveNext())
                {
                    var item = e.Current;
                    yield return item;
                    var elements = elementSelector(item);
                    if (elements == null) continue;
                    stack.Push(e);
                    e = elements.GetEnumerator();
                }
                if (stack.Count == 0) break;
                e.Dispose();
                e = stack.Pop();
            }
        }
        finally
        {
            e.Dispose();
            while (stack.Count != 0) stack.Pop().Dispose();
        }
    }
}

有了那个帮手,问题的方法就这么简单:

partial class TreeUtils
{
    public static IEnumerable<T> Ordered<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<IEnumerable<T>, IEnumerable<T>> order = null)
        where T : class, ITree<T>
    {
        if (order == null) order = items => items.OrderBy(item => item.Name);
        return order(source.Where(item => item.Parent == null))
            .Expand(item => item.Children != null && item.Children.Any() ? order(item.Children) : null);
    }
}

示例用法:

List<TreeItem> flatList = ...;
var orderedList = flatList.Ordered().ToList();

更新: 这里是相同的,只使用 PathId 属性:

public static partial class TreeUtils
{
    public static IEnumerable<T> Ordered<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<IEnumerable<T>, IEnumerable<T>> order = null)
        where T : class, ITree<T>
    {
        if (order == null) order = items => items != null && items.Any() ?  items.OrderBy(item => item.Name) : null;
        var chldrenByParentId = source
            .Select(item => new { item, path = item.Path.Split('.') })
            .ToLookup(e => e.path.Length >= 2 ? int.Parse(e.path[e.path.Length - 2]) : (int?)null, e => e.item);
        return (order(chldrenByParentId[null]) ?? Enumerable.Empty<T>())
            .Expand(item => order(chldrenByParentId[item.Id]));
    }
}