PHP: 以树状结构保存数据

Question

我有一个 Excel 看起来很简单：

如果我阅读它 （编辑：我使用 PHPExcel），我会为每一行得到一个如下所示的数组：

$row = [Process, MainScrenario, Process1, Step1] // first row
$row = [null, null, null, Step2] // second row

现在我有多个 Excel-files，每个都有不同数量的列。

我试图找到一种方法，将 Excel 的多个 $row-Arrays 解析为一个大数组，其中 tree-structure 或类似的东西，以存储信息。

有人可以帮我吗？我应该怎么做？

Answer 1

我试图将上面的评论编成一个编码示例。修改此以满足您的需求：

<?php

// prepare data
$data = array(
  ['Process', 'MainScenario', 'Process1', 'Step1'],
  [null, null, null, 'Step2'],
  [null, null, null, 'Step3'],
  [null, null, null, 'Step3'],
  [null, null, 'Process2', 'Step1'],
  [null, null, null, 'Step2'],
  [null, 'SecScenario', 'Process1', 'Step1'],
  [null, null, null, 'Step2'],
  [null, null, 'Process2', 'Step1'],
  [null, null, null, 'Step2'],
  [null, null, null, 'Step3'],
);

// define class which holds the nodes
class node {
  private $text = '';                                      // the text (name) of the node
  private $children = array();                             // list of the children of the node

  function __construct($text) {                            // constructor. sets the text
    $this->text = $text;
  }

  function addChild(&$ref) {                               // add a child
    $this->children[] = $ref;                              // store reference to child in $this->children array property
  }

  function getText() {                                     // get text of the node
    return $this->text;                                    // retrieve textdomain
  }

  function getChildren() {                                 // get children of the node
    return $this->children;                                // fetch & deliver array
  }

  function __toString() {                                  // magic function for conversion to string
    return $this->getText();                               // is an alias for $this->getText
  }
}

// parse the data into a tree
function buildTree($data) {
  $start = array();                                         // list of all root nodes
  $last = array();                                          // list of last-seen nodes on every depth

  foreach ($data as $row) {                                 // iterate over all rows
    $depth = 0;                                             // reset depth (start form left)
    foreach ($row as $cell) {                               // iterate over all cells in the row
      if (!is_null($cell) && $cell!='') {                   // empty cell? if so, ignore
        if ($depth==0) {                                    // top layer?
          $obj = new node($cell.' (R)');                    // this is a root node
          $start[] = $obj;                                  // add to list of root nodes
          $last[0] = $obj;                                  // set as root node
        }
        else {
          $parent = null;                                   // we want to find a parent object
          for ($dd = $depth-1; $dd>=0; $dd--) {             // traverse up to root
            if (isset($last[$dd])) {                        // $last for this level set?
              $parent = $last[$dd];                         // accept it as parent
              break;                                        // do not search further
            }
          }

          if (!is_null($parent)) {                          // parent found?
            $obj = new node($cell.' ('.$depth.')');         // create new node for this entry
            $parent->addChild($obj);                        // attach it to the parent
            $last[$depth] = $obj;                           // set object as $last for this level
          }
        }
      }
      $depth++;                                             // increase depth (advance right)
    }
  }

  return $start;                                            // return list of root nodes
}

// show the tree descending from a single node given
function showTree($node, $depth = 0) {                     // recursively output nodes
  echo str_repeat('> ', $depth).$node->getText().PHP_EOL;  // this node
  foreach ($node->getChildren() as $subnode) {             // iterate over child nodes
    showTree($subnode, $depth+1);                          // recursive call for children
  }
}

// execute
$rootNodes = buildTree($data);                             // build the tree
foreach($rootNodes as $node) {                             // iterate over root nodes
  showTree($node);                                         // show tree for each of them
}

?>

产生：

Process (R)
> MainScenario (1)
> > Process1 (2)
> > > Step1 (3)
> > > Step2 (3)
> > > Step3 (3)
> > > Step3 (3)
> > Process2 (2)
> > > Step1 (3)
> > > Step2 (3)
> SecScenario (1)
> > Process1 (2)
> > > Step1 (3)
> > > Step2 (3)
> > Process2 (2)
> > > Step1 (3)
> > > Step2 (3)
> > > Step3 (3)

括号中的数字是添加节点的实际 $depth 级别。 (R) 表示根节点。

查看演示 here。

PHP: 以树状结构保存数据

PHP: Save data in tree structure

php

arrays

treeview

excel

tree