从字符串中读取 Bunch()

Read Bunch() from string

我在报告文件中有以下字符串:

"Bunch(conditions=['s1', 's2', 's3', 's4', 's5', 's6'], durations=[[30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0]], onsets=[[172.77], [322.77], [472.77], [622.77], [772.77], [922.77]])"

我想把它变成一个 Bunch() 对象或一个 dict,这样我就可以访问里面的信息(通过 my_var.conditionsmy_var["conditions"]) .

这与 eval() 配合得很好:

eval("Bunch(conditions=['s1', 's2', 's3', 's4', 's5', 's6'], durations=[[30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0]], onsets=[[172.77], [322.77], [472.77], [622.77], [772.77], [922.77]])")

但是我想避免使用它。

我尝试编写几个字符串替换,以便将其转换为 dict 语法,然后使用 json.loads() 解析它,但这看起来非常骇人听闻,一旦遇到任何问题就会中断未来字符串中的新字段;例如:

"{"+"Bunch(conditions=['s1', 's2', 's3', 's4', 's5', 's6'], durations=[[30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0]], onsets=[[172.77], [322.77], [472.77], [622.77], [772.77], [922.77]])"[1:-1]+"}".replace("conditions=","'conditions':")

你懂的。

你知道有没有更好的解析方法?

这是我丑陋的一段代码,请检查:

import re
import json
l = "Bunch(conditions=['s1', 's2', 's3', 's4', 's5', 's6'], durations=[[30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0]], onsets=[[172.77], [322.77], [472.77], [622.77], [772.77], [922.77]])"

exec('{}="{}"'.format(l[:5],l[6:-1]))
sb = re.split("=| [a-zA-Z]", Bunch)
temp = ['"{}"'.format(x) if x.isalpha() else x for x in sb ]
temp2 = ','.join(temp)
temp3 = temp2.replace('",[', '":[')
temp4 = temp3.replace(',,', ',')
temp5 = temp4.replace("\'", '"')
temp6 = """{%s}""" %(temp5)
rslt = json.loads(temp6)

最终,输出:

rslt
Out[12]: 
{'urations': [[30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0]],
 'conditions': ['s1', 's2', 's3', 's4', 's5', 's6'],
 'nsets': [[172.77], [322.77], [472.77], [622.77], [772.77], [922.77]]}

rslt["conditions"]
Out[13]: ['s1', 's2', 's3', 's4', 's5', 's6']

总的来说,我认为re是你需要的包,但由于我使用它的经验有限,我在这里可以很好地应用它。希望其他人能给出更优雅的解决方案。

仅供参考,你说你可以很容易地使用 eval 来获得你想要的东西,但是当我尝试使用它时,我得到了 TypeError: 'str' object is not callable。您使用的是哪个 Python 版本? (我在Python27和Python33上试过,都不能用)

此 pyparsing 代码将为您的 Bunch 声明定义一个解析表达式。

from pyparsing import (pyparsing_common, Suppress, Keyword, Forward, quotedString, 
    Group, delimitedList, Dict, removeQuotes, ParseResults)

# define pyparsing parser for the Bunch declaration
LBRACK,RBRACK,LPAR,RPAR,EQ = map(Suppress, "[]()=")
integer = pyparsing_common.integer
real = pyparsing_common.real
ident = pyparsing_common.identifier

# define a recursive expression for nested lists
listExpr = Forward()
listItem = real | integer | quotedString.setParseAction(removeQuotes) | Group(listExpr)
listExpr << LBRACK + delimitedList(listItem) + RBRACK

# define an expression for the Bunch declaration
BUNCH = Keyword("Bunch")
arg_defn = Group(ident + EQ + listItem)
bunch_decl = BUNCH + LPAR + Dict(delimitedList(arg_defn))("args") + RPAR

这是针对您的示例输入的解析器 运行:

# run the sample input as a test
sample = """Bunch(conditions=['s1', 's2', 's3', 's4', 's5', 's6'],
                  durations=[[30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0]],
                  onsets=[[172.77], [322.77], [472.77], [622.77], [772.77], [922.77]])"""
bb = bunch_decl.parseString(sample)
# print the parsed output as-is
print(bb)

给出:

['Bunch', [['conditions', ['s1', 's2', 's3', 's4', 's5', 's6']], 
    ['durations', [[30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0]]], 
    ['onsets', [[172.77], [322.77], [472.77], [622.77], [772.77], [922.77]]]]]

使用 pyparsing,你还可以添加一个解析时回调,这样 pyparsing 就会为你做 tokens->Bunch 转换:

# define a simple placeholder class for Bunch
class Bunch(object):
    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        self.__dict__.update(kwargs)
    def __repr__(self):
        return "Bunch:(%s)" % ', '.join("%r: %s" % item for item in vars(self).items())

# add this as a parse action, and pyparsing will autoconvert the parsed data to a Bunch
bunch_decl.addParseAction(lambda t: Bunch(**t.args.asDict()))

现在解析器将为您提供一个实际的 Bunch 实例:

[Bunch:('durations': [[30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0], [30.0]], 
        'conditions': ['s1', 's2', 's3', 's4', 's5', 's6'], 
        'onsets': [[172.77], [322.77], [472.77], [622.77], [772.77], [922.77]])]