在 LEFT JOIN 中使用 "ON .. AND" 和 "WHERE" 的区别

Question

这两个查询在执行方面实际上是相同的还是有任何区别？如果它们相同，这两者之间会有任何性能差异吗？

1.

SELECT * 
FROM TABLE_A tbl_a 
LEFT JOIN TABLE_B tbl_b ON (tbl_a.srno_a = tbl_b.srno_b) 
AND tbl_a.srno_a = 1997

和

2.

SELECT * 
FROM TABLE_A tbl_a 
LEFT JOIN TABLE_B tbl_b ON (tbl_a.srno_a = tbl_b.srno_b) 
WHERE tbl_a.srno_a = 1997

Answer 1

在这里你可以看到不同之处：

如果你使用 WHERE 结果会更小。看样本。

样本

我的表

MariaDB [yourSchema]> select * from table1;
+--------+------------+
| id     | val        |
+--------+------------+
| 000001 | tabe 1 --1 |
| 000002 | tabe 1 --2 |
| 000003 | tabe 1 --3 |
| 000004 | tabe 1 --4 |
| 000005 | tabe 1 --5 |
| 000006 | tabe 1 --6 |
+--------+------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [yourSchema]> select * from table2;
+--------+------------+
| id     | val        |
+--------+------------+
| 000001 | tabe 2 --1 |
| 000002 | tabe 2 --2 |
| 000004 | tabe 2 --4 |
| 000005 | tabe 2 --5 |
| 000006 | tabe 2 --6 |
+--------+------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [yourSchema]>

加入 AND

MariaDB [yourSchema]> SELECT *
    -> FROM table1 t1
    -> LEFT JOIN table2 t2 ON t1.id = t2. id AND t2.val ='tabe 2 --4';
+--------+------------+--------+------------+
| id     | val        | id     | val        |
+--------+------------+--------+------------+
| 000004 | tabe 1 --4 | 000004 | tabe 2 --4 |
| 000001 | tabe 1 --1 |   NULL | NULL       |
| 000002 | tabe 1 --2 |   NULL | NULL       |
| 000003 | tabe 1 --3 |   NULL | NULL       |
| 000005 | tabe 1 --5 |   NULL | NULL       |
| 000006 | tabe 1 --6 |   NULL | NULL       |
+--------+------------+--------+------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [yourSchema]>

加入 WHERE

MariaDB [yourSchema]> SELECT *
    -> FROM table1 t1
    -> LEFT JOIN table2 t2 ON t1.id = t2. id
    -> WHERE t2.val ='tabe 2 --4';
+--------+------------+--------+------------+
| id     | val        | id     | val        |
+--------+------------+--------+------------+
| 000004 | tabe 1 --4 | 000004 | tabe 2 --4 |
+--------+------------+--------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [yourSchema]>

Answer 2

对于LEFT [OUTER] JOIN，是基于多重性的根本区别。这是因为 LEFT/RIGHT/FULL 外连接 'preserve' 分别存在于 left/right 源集中的记录，即使它们不匹配：

即：左联接不会删除出现在左集中的任何行，无论联接条件如何。

-- the result of the LEFT join contains every LEFT row AT LEAST ONCE
-- then we throw away the post-join rows that we don't want
SELECT * FROM l
LEFT JOIN r ON r.id = l.id
WHERE l.x = q

-- the above is logically equivalent to the following
-- where the left set is restricted before the join
SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM l WHERE l.x = q) l2
LEFT JOIN r ON r.id = l2.id

-- however, it differs from just moving the condition as
-- the result of the LEFT join contains every LEFT row AT LEAST ONCE
-- (this includes the rows for which 'l.x = q' is NOT true!)
-- but we don't filter the post-join rows
SELECT * FROM l
LEFT JOIN r ON r.id = l.id
            AND l.x = q

使用 OUTER JOIN 时，无法始终移动条件。对于 LEFT JOIN，一个限制性连接条件仅依赖于左侧关系，它可能.. 错误。

如果它是 INNER JOIN 那么条件可以移动而不影响结果。这是因为 INNER JOIN 限制两个连接集，因此没有 'AT LEAST ONCE' 子句。

只有有效查询才能对性能进行推理 - 查询执行计划将包含相关的执行信息。使用 'correct' 连接的行为会影响数据库执行查询的方式。

在 LEFT JOIN 中使用 "ON .. AND" 和 "WHERE" 的区别

Difference between using "ON .. AND" and "WHERE" in LEFT JOIN

mysql

database-performance