无法在 C# WEB API REST 服务单元测试中模拟 Owin 上下文

Unable to mock Owin context in C# WEB API REST service unit test

我试图在 C# WEB API REST 服务中模拟 OWIN 上下文,但 OWIN 上下文似乎始终为空。我正在使用最小起订量和 .NET Framework 4.5.2。

这是我要测试的控制器方法:

public class CustomerController : ApiController
{
    // GET: api/Customer/n
    [HttpGet]
    [ClaimsPrincipalPermission(SecurityAction.Demand, Operation = Actions.View, Resource = Resources.Self)]
    public IHttpActionResult Get(int id)
    {
        if (id <= 0)
            return BadRequest();

        ClaimsPrincipalPermission.CheckAccess(id.ToString(),"UserId");

        string jsonResponse = string.Empty;
        HttpStatusCode returnCode = this.ForwardGetRequestToWallet(String.Format("customer/gethistory/{0}", id), out jsonResponse);
        if (returnCode== HttpStatusCode.OK)
            return Ok(jsonResponse);
        return StatusCode(returnCode);            
    } 

在助手 class 中出错的代码,在 controller.Request.GetOwinContext 调用中:

public static HttpClient GetClient(this ApiController controller)
{
    HttpClient client = new HttpClient();
    client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new System.Net.Http.Headers.MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
    client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Authorization = controller.Request.Headers.Authorization;
    var test = controller.Request.GetOwinContext().Request.RemoteIpAddress;
    return client;
} 

我的测试初始化​​:

[TestInitialize()]
public void MyTestInitialize() 
{
    player_user_id = Convert.ToInt32(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["PLAYER_USER_ID"]);
    player_user_name = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["PLAYER_USER_NAME"];
    API_protocol = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["WEB_API_PROTOCOL"];
    API_host = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["WEB_API_HOST"];
    API_port = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["WEB_API_PORT"];

    wrapper = new ClaimsPrincipalWrapper();

    server = new Mock<HttpServerUtilityBase>();
    response = new Mock<HttpResponseBase>();

    request = new Mock<HttpRequestBase>();

    session = new Mock<HttpSessionStateBase>();
    session.Setup(s => s.SessionID).Returns(Guid.NewGuid().ToString());

    config = new HttpConfiguration();

    owinContext = new Mock<IOwinContext>();

    identity = new GenericIdentity(player_user_name);
    identity.AddClaim(new Claim("http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/nameidentifier", player_user_id.ToString()));

    principal = new GenericPrincipal(identity, new[] { "User" });

    context = new Mock<HttpContextBase>();
    context.SetupGet(c => c.Request).Returns(request.Object);
    context.SetupGet(c => c.Response).Returns(response.Object);
    context.SetupGet(c => c.Server).Returns(server.Object);
    context.SetupGet(c => c.Session).Returns(session.Object);
    context.SetupGet(p => p.User.Identity.Name).Returns(player_user_name);
    context.SetupGet(p => p.Request.IsAuthenticated).Returns(true);
    context.SetupGet(s => s.User).Returns(principal);

}

我的测试:

[TestMethod]
public void Get()
{
    var queryMock = new Mock<IReadableStringCollection>();

    var requestMock = new Mock<IOwinRequest>();

    requestMock.Setup(m => m.Query).Returns(queryMock.Object);

    owinContext.Setup(m => m.Request).Returns(requestMock.Object);

    testURI = new Uri(String.Format("{0}://{1}:{2}/Get/{3}", API_protocol, API_host, API_port, player_user_id));
    request.Setup(r => r.Url).Returns(testURI);

    message = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, testURI);
    var route = config.Routes.MapHttpRoute("Default", "api/{controller}/{id}");
    var routeData = new HttpRouteData(route, new HttpRouteValueDictionary { { "customerController", "get" } });

    var testControllerContext = new HttpControllerContext(config, routeData, message);

    var controller = new SharedWalletAPI.Controllers.CustomerController()
    {
        ControllerContext = testControllerContext,
        Request = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, testURI),
        User = new System.Security.Principal.GenericPrincipal(identity, new string[0])
    };

    // Act
    var _result = controller.Get(player_user_id);

    // get JSON
    //CustomerHistoryList jsonObj = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<CustomerHistoryList>(_result);

    // Assert
    Assert.IsNotNull(_result);
}

一切似乎都很好,直到我们真正执行 get 然后 OWIN GetOwinContext 调用总是 returns null 并因此抛出旧栗子类型的错误 "Object Reference not set to an instance of an object".

我对 OWIN 还是很陌生。有人可以在这里给我建议吗?

首先,我看到您在哪里设置了 IOwinContext 的模拟,但是您显示的 none 代码实际上已将您的模拟绑定到请求中。具体来说,没有任何设置会导致 controller.Request.GetOwinContext() 到 return 您的模拟对象。因此,由于您没有为该调用设置期望值,因此它将 return null。

测试

您 运行 真正的痛苦是试图模拟其他人非常宽的界面(复数)。这总是一件痛苦的事情。作为证据,请查看您为初始化和执行测试而必须编写的代码量。我会尝试将对这些东西的访问隐藏在更加集中且易于模拟/存根/虚拟的接口后面。

尽管我是一个单元测试狂热者,但我从不单独测试我的 WebAPI 或 MVC 控制器。它们几乎总是依赖于我不想伪装的外部事物,例如 HttpContext、身份验证问题、方法级属性。相反,我让控制器尽可能地精简,主要将方法限制为将事物编组进出上下文等。所有业务逻辑都移至控制器所依赖的 类 中。然后,那些 类 更容易测试,因为它们不依赖于难以伪造的东西。

我仍然编写练习控制器方法的测试,通常它们覆盖了控制器的每个分支。只是这些是系统级功能测试,例如 MVC 应用程序的自动浏览器测试或使用 WebAPI 应用程序的 HttpClient 命中 API 的测试。如果控制器保持纤薄,那么首先就没有太多可用于测试的地方。