如何模拟 Spring ConversionService?

How to mock Spring ConversionService?

我编写的 Web 应用程序按预期运行。现在我想对控制器方法进行单元测试。这些方法的模式是:

  1. 将 http 请求对象 (DTO) 转换为域对象
  2. 在服务层使用域对象调用业务逻辑
  3. 将业务逻辑的响应转换为响应 (DTO) 对象

对于转换步骤,我使用 Spring ConversionService,一个配置如下的 bean:

<bean id="conversionService" class="org.springframework.context.support.ConversionServiceFactoryBean">
<property name="converters">
  <list>
    <bean class="my.package.RequestToDomainConverter" />
    <bean class="my.package.DomainToResponseConverter" />
  </list>
</property>

这个 bean 自动连接到我的控制器中:

@Autowired
ConversionService conversionService;

并像这样使用:

@RequestMapping(method  =  RequestMethod.POST,
                headers = "Accept=application/json")
@ResponseStatus(value = HttpStatus.CREATED) 
@ResponseBody 
public ResponseDTO createSelection( 
    @RequestBody RequestDTO requestDTO,
    HttpServletResponse response,
    Authentication authentication ) {

    DomainObject domainObject = conversionService.convert(requestDTO, DomainObject.class);
    // note: during test the conversionService returns null here...
    DomainObject businessAnswer = BusinessLayer.doService(domainObject);
    ResponseDTO responseDTO = conversionService.convert(businessAnswer, ResponseDTO.class);
return responseDTO;
}

如上所述,当部署到应用程序服务器时,应用程序按预期工作。

我的测试class构建如下:

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath:/my/package/MyControllerTest-context.xml"})
public class MyControllerTest {
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Mock
    private ConversionService conversionService;

    @Mock
    private BusinessLayer businessLayer;

    @InjectMocks
    private MyController myController;

    @Before
    public void setup() throws Exception {
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetum(myController).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void testCreateSelection(){
        // create a json string representation of the requestDTO
        String jsonDTO = new String("a valid json representation");

        // create objects to convert
        RequestDTO myRequestDTO = new RequestDTO();
        DomainObject myDomainObject = new DomainObject();
        ResponseDTO responseDTO = new ResponseDTO();

        // instruct the conversionservice mock to return the expected objects
        when(conversionService.convert(myRequestDTO, DomainObject.class))
            .thenReturn(myDomainObject);
        when(conversionService.convert(domainResponse, ResponseDTO.class))
            .thenReturn(myResponseDTO);

        // the businessLayer mock returns the same object that was given to it
        when(businessLayer.doService(domainObject))
            .thenReturn(domainObject);

        //create the necessary http headers
        HttHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
        httpHeaders.add("Accept", "application/json");

        //execute the controller method
        mockMvc.perform(post("/selection")
            .content(jsonDTO)
            .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
            .headers(httpHeaders))
        .andExpect(status().isOk());
        // further testing...
    }
}

当 运行 在调试模式下进行此测试时,我看到我的控制器中的 createSelection 方法被成功调用,而在该方法中,requestDTO 对象具有提供给 jsonDTO 对象的值。

但是,当要求将 requestDTO 转换为 DomainObject 时,conversionService return为空。

为什么会这样,如何设置我的测试以使其 return 转换后的对象?

是因为下面一行:

when(conversionService.convert(myRequestDTO, DomainObject.class))
        .thenReturn(myDomainObject);

方法期望接收相同的对象 myRequestDTO,这与您的情况不同,因为在您的控制器内部您将创建相同 class 的另一个实例。两者都是从相同的 class 创建的,但具有不同的身份。相反,您可以使用:

when(conversionService.convert(any(DomainObject.class), Matchers.<DomainObject>any()))
        .thenReturn(myDomainObject);

这允许期待同一个对象,这个对象的身份无关紧要