如何使用 Django 中的 Factory Boy 将值传递给依赖模型？

Question

我正在开发一个开源的 django 网络应用程序，我希望使用 Factory Boy 来帮助我为一些测试设置模型，但在阅读文档和查看示例几个小时后，我认为我要认输在这里问

我有一个看起来有点像这样的客户模型：

class Customer(models.Model):

    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
        if not self.full_name:
            raise ValidationError('The full_name field is required')
        super(Customer, self).save(*args, **kwargs)


    user = models.OneToOneField(
        settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL,
        on_delete=models.SET_NULL,
        related_name='customer',
        null=True
    )

    created = models.DateTimeField()
    created_in_billing_week = models.CharField(max_length=9)
    full_name = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    nickname = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    mobile = models.CharField(max_length=30, default='', blank=True)
    gocardless_current_mandate = models.OneToOneField(
        BillingGoCardlessMandate,
        on_delete=models.SET_NULL,
        related_name='in_use_for_customer',
        null=True,
    )

我也在使用来自 django.contrib.auth 的标准 Django 用户模型。

这是我的工厂代码：

class UserFactory(DjangoModelFactory):

    class Meta:
        model = get_user_model()


class CustomerFactory(DjangoModelFactory):

    class Meta:
        model = models.Customer

    full_name = fake.name()
    nickname = factory.LazyAttribute(lambda obj: obj.full_name.split(' ')[0])

    created = factory.LazyFunction(timezone.now)
    created_in_billing_week = factory.LazyAttribute(lambda obj: str(get_billing_week(obj.created)))

    mobile = fake.phone_number()

    user = factory.SubFactory(UserFactory, username=nickname,
        email="{}@example.com".format(nickname))

就我而言，我希望能够产生这样的客户

CustomerFactory(fullname="Joe Bloggs")

并使用正确的用户名和电子邮件地址生成相应的用户。

现在，我收到此错误：

  AttributeError: The parameter full_name is unknown. Evaluated attributes are {'email': '<factory.declarations.LazyAttribute object at 0x111d999e8>@example.com'}, definitions are {'email': '<factory.declarations.LazyAttribute object at 0x111d999e8>@example.com', 'username': <DeclarationWrapper for <factory.declarations.LazyAttribute object at 0x111d999e8>>}.

我认为这是因为我依赖于客户中的惰性属性，在创建用户工厂之前不会调用它。

如果我希望能够使用工厂创建 Customer 模型实例，并且如上所述具有相应的用户，我应该如何这样做？

完整模型可见 here on the github repo

Answer 1

在这种情况下，最好的方法是从 the customer declarations:

中选取值

class CustomerFactory(DjangoModelFactory):

    class Meta:
        model = models.Customer

    full_name = factory.Faker('name')
    nickname = factory.LazyAttribute(lambda obj: obj.full_name.split(' ')[0])

    created = factory.LazyFunction(timezone.now)
    created_in_billing_week = factory.LazyAttribute(lambda obj: str(get_billing_week(obj.created)))

    mobile = factory.Faker('phone_number')

    user = factory.SubFactory(
        UserFactory,
        username=factory.SelfAttribute('..nickname'),
        email=factory.LazyAttribute(lambda u: "{}@example.com".format(u.username)))
    )

此外，使用 factory.Faker('field_name') 为每个实例获取随机值：class 声明中的 fullname = fake.name() 行等同于：

DEFAULT_FULL_NAME = fake.name() class CustomerFactory(DjangoModelFactory): full_name = DEFAULT_FULL_NAME class Meta: model = models.customer

而 factory.Faker('name') 等同于：

class CustomerFactory(DjangoModelFactory): full_name = factory.LazyFunction(fake.name) class Meta: model = models.customer

即 fake.name() 将为使用该工厂构建的每个模型提供不同的名称。

如何使用 Django 中的 Factory Boy 将值传递给依赖模型？

How to I pass values into dependent models with Factory Boy in Django?

python

django

factory-boy