如何将字符串转换为数组的名称？

Question

我想我已经从字符串创建了多个数组，但如果我尝试检查数组，我会收到错误消息。

File.open("livestock.txt", "r") do |file|
    file.readlines.each do |x|

        if x.match(/:*:/)
            # puts x.inspect
            # strip string
            x.gsub!(/[^A-Za-z]/, '')
            x.downcase!
            puts x.inspect
            x = Array.new(){Hash.new}
            # puts x.inspect
            pigs.inspect
        else
            # puts "no"
        end

    end
end


animals.rb:12:in `block (2 levels) in <main>': undefined local variable or method `pigs' for main:Object (NameError)
    from animals.rb:2:in `each'
    from animals.rb:2:in `block in <main>'
    from animals.rb:1:in `open'
    from animals.rb:1:in `<main>'

理想情况下我想创造猪=[] 然后将哈希添加到此数组，例如：

pigs = [{"name"=>"peggy", "id"=>1, "owner"=>"wolcott farms"},
{"name"=>"sue", "id"=>2, "owner"=>"blue moon farms"},
{"name"=>"eddie", "id"=>3, "owner"=>"sunrise farms"}
]

奶牛等也是如此

我的文本文件 animals.txt 是

::pigs::  
name, id, owner
peggy, 1, wolcott farms 
sue, 2, blue moon farms
eddie, 3, sunrise farms

::cows:: 
name, id, owner 
dee, 3, black hat farms 
sunny, 2, blue moon farms 
bess, 4, wolcott farms

Answer 1

自 Ruby v1.8 以来，无法创建局部变量。实例变量，是（使用Object#instance_variable_set），局部变量，否

@CodeGnome 给出了一种创建具有给定名称的实例变量的方法。然而，我不认为实例变量的集合是合适的数据结构。我建议您考虑改用哈希。您可以按如下方式进行。

代码

def doit(fname)
  File.read(fname).
       split(/\n{2,}/). # split paragraphs
       each_with_object({}) do |s,h|
         outer_key, inner_key_names, *inner_values = s.split(/\n/)
         inner_keys = inner_key_names.split(/,\s+/)
         h[outer_key[/(?<=::)[^:]+/]] =
           inner_values.each_with_object([]) { |values_str, a|
             a << inner_keys.zip(values_str.split(/,\s+/)).to_h }
       end
end

例子

首先让我们创建您的文件。

FName = "animals.txt"

data =<<_
::pigs::  
name, id, owner
peggy, 1, wolcott farms 
sue, 2, blue moon farms
eddie, 3, sunrise farms

::cows:: 
name, id, owner 
dee, 3, black hat farms 
sunny, 2, blue moon farms 
bess, 4, wolcott farms
_

File.write(FName, data)
  #=> 203

现在在此文件上执行该方法。

doit(FName)
  #=> {"pigs"=>[{"name"=>"peggy", "id"=>"1", "owner"=>"wolcott farms "},
  #             {"name"=>"sue", "id"=>"2", "owner"=>"blue moon farms"},
  #             {"name"=>"eddie", "id"=>"3", "owner"=>"sunrise farms"}],
  #    "cows"=>[{"name"=>"dee", "id"=>"3", "owner "=>"black hat farms "},
  #             {"name"=>"sunny", "id"=>"2", "owner "=>"blue moon farms "},
  #             {"name"=>"bess", "id"=>"4", "owner "=>"wolcott farms"}]}

说明

步骤如下

b = File.read(FName).split(/\n{2,}/)
  #=> ["::pigs::  \nname, id, owner\npeggy, 1, wolcott farms \nsue, 2, blue moon farms\neddie, 3, sunrise farms",
  #    "::cows:: \nname, id, owner \ndee, 3, black hat farms \nsunny, 2, blue moon farms \nbess, 4, wolcott farms\n"]

接下来我们有

enum = b.each_with_object({})
  #=> #<Enumerator: ["::pigs::  \nname, id, owner\npeggy, 1, wolcott farms \nsue, 2, blue moon farms\neddie, 3, sunrise farms",
  #                  "::cows:: \nname, id, owner \ndee, 3, black hat farms \nsunny, 2, blue moon farms \nbess, 4, wolcott farms\n"]:each_with_object({})>

我们可以将 enum 转换为数组以查看它将生成并传递给其块的值：

enum.to_a
  #=> [["::pigs::  \nname, id, owner\npeggy, 1, wolcott farms \nsue, 2, blue moon farms\neddie, 3, sunrise farms", {}],
  #    ["::cows:: \nname, id, owner \ndee, 3, black hat farms \nsunny, 2, blue moon farms \nbess, 4, wolcott farms\n", {}]] The empty arrays above will be populated as the calculations proceed.

我们现在将 enum 的第一个元素传递给块并分配块变量

s,h = enum.next
  #=> ["::pigs::  \nname, id, owner\npeggy, 1, wolcott farms \nsue, 2, blue moon farms\neddie, 3, sunrise farms", {}] 
s #=> "::pigs::  \nname, id, owner\npeggy, 1, wolcott farms \nsue, 2, blue moon farms\neddie, 3, sunrise farms" 
h => {}

h 的值，一个空散列，将由块修改，如下所示。

现在对 s 和 h 的这些值执行块计算。

outer_key, inner_key_names, *inner_values = s.split(/\n/)
  #=> ["::pigs::  ",
  #    "name, id, owner",
  #    "peggy, 1, wolcott farms ",
  #    "sue, 2, blue moon farms", "eddie, 3, sunrise farms"]
outer_key
  #=> "::pigs::  " 
inner_key_names
  #=> "name, id, owner" 
inner_values
  #=> ["peggy, 1, wolcott farms ",
  #    "sue, 2, blue moon farms",
  #    "eddie, 3, sunrise farms"] 
inner_keys = inner_key_names.split(/,\s+/)
  #=> ["name", "id", "owner"]
h[outer_key[/(?<=::)[^:]+/]] =
  inner_values.each_with_object([]) { |values_str, a|
    a << inner_keys.zip(values_str.split(/,\s+/)).to_h }
  # => [{"name"=>"peggy", "id"=>"1", "owner"=>"wolcott farms "},
  #     {"name"=>"sue", "id"=>"2", "owner"=>"blue moon farms"},
  #     {"name"=>"eddie", "id"=>"3", "owner"=>"sunrise farms"}] 
h #=> {"pigs"=>[{"name"=>"peggy", "id"=>"1", "owner"=>"wolcott farms "},
  #   {"name"=>"sue", "id"=>"2", "owner"=>"blue moon farms"},
  #   {"name"=>"eddie", "id"=>"3", "owner"=>"sunrise farms"}]}

让我们更仔细地研究一下最后的计算。

outer_key[/(?<=::)[^:]+/]
  #=> "pigs"
enum1 = inner_values.each_with_object([])
  #=> #<Enumerator: ["peggy, 1, wolcott farms ", "sue, 2, blue moon farms",
  #                  "eddie, 3, sunrise farms"]:each_with_object([])> 
enum1.to_a
  #=> [["peggy, 1, wolcott farms ", []],
  #    ["sue, 2, blue moon farms", []],
  #    ["eddie, 3, sunrise farms", []]]

将enum1生成的第一个元素传递给块，并分配块变量。

values_str, a = enum1.next
  #=> ["peggy, 1, wolcott farms ", []] 
values_str
  #=> "peggy, 1, wolcott farms "
a #=> []

现在执行块计算。

b = inner_keys.zip(values_str.split(/,\s+/))
  #=> ["name", "id", "owner"].zip(["peggy", "1", "wolcott farms "])
  #=> [["name", "peggy"], ["id", "1"], ["owner", "wolcott farms "]]
c = b.to_h
  #=> {"name"=>"peggy", "id"=>"1", "owner"=>"wolcott farms "}
a << c
  #=> [{"name"=>"peggy", "id"=>"1", "owner"=>"wolcott farms "}]

由enum1生成的其余两个元素被类似地处理，导致

h #=> {"pigs"=>[{"name"=>"peggy", "id"=>"1", "owner"=>"wolcott farms "},
  #             {"name"=>"sue", "id"=>"2", "owner"=>"blue moon farms"},
  #             {"name"=>"eddie", "id"=>"3", "owner"=>"sunrise farms"}]

其余计算（对于奶牛）类似。

@猪和@牛

如果您坚持使用这些实例变量，则很容易从上面构造的哈希中生成它们。

h = {"pigs"=>[{"name"=>"peggy", "id"=>"1", "owner"=>"wolcott farms "},
              {"name"=>"sue", "id"=>"2", "owner"=>"blue moon farms"},
              {"name"=>"eddie", "id"=>"3", "owner"=>"sunrise farms"}],
     "cows"=>[{"name"=>"dee", "id"=>"3", "owner "=>"black hat farms "},
              {"name"=>"sunny", "id"=>"2", "owner "=>"blue moon farms "},
              {"name"=>"bess", "id"=>"4", "owner "=>"wolcott farms"}]} 
h.each { |k,v| instance_variable_set("@#{k}", v) }

我们现在有：

@pigs
  #=> [{"name"=>"peggy", "id"=>"1", "owner"=>"wolcott farms "},
  #    {"name"=>"sue", "id"=>"2", "owner"=>"blue moon farms"},
  #    {"name"=>"eddie", "id"=>"3", "owner"=>"sunrise farms"}] 
@cows
  #=> [{"name"=>"dee", "id"=>"3", "owner "=>"black hat farms "},
  #    {"name"=>"sunny", "id"=>"2", "owner "=>"blue moon farms "},
  #    {"name"=>"bess", "id"=>"4", "owner "=>"wolcott farms"}]

Answer 2

解析文本，然后使用实例变量赋值

不能使用局部变量，但可以使用Object#instance_variable_get and Object#instance_variable_set进行这种元编程。例如：

str     = File.read '/tmp/livestock.txt'
records = str.split /\n\n+/
records.map! { |r| r.split /\n/ }
records.map do |r| 
  var    = ?@ << r.shift.strip.delete(?:)
  fields = r.shift.strip.scan /[^,]+/
  hashes = r.map { |e| e.split(?,).flat_map &:strip }.
             map { |e| fields.zip e }.
             map &:to_h
  instance_variable_set var,
    instance_variable_get(var).to_a.push(hashes).flatten!
end;

# The data is now stored correctly in the following instance variables.
@pigs
@cows

警告

请注意，如果 @pigs 或 @cows 已经存在，因为您正在 REPL 中进行测试，那么您的结果可能不是你期待。确保调用 Object#remove_instance_variable，将变量设置为 nil，或在测试之间创建 class 的新实例。

如何将字符串转换为数组的名称？

How do I turn a string into the name of an array?

ruby

arrays

string

metaprogramming

local-variables

解析文本，然后使用实例变量赋值

警告