如何对 http 请求进行单元测试 android

Question

我使用了库 Robolectric 另一个可能的框架。 Android http://loopj.com/android-async-http/

的 HTTP 客户端

static AsyncHttpClient client = new AsyncHttpClient();

public static void getData (final ServerCallback callback) {

    client.get("http://httpbin.org/get", new AsyncHttpResponseHandler() {

        @Override
        public void onSuccess(int statusCode, Header[] headers, byte[] responseBody) {
            callback.onSuccess(statusCode, new String(responseBody));
        }

        @Override
        public void onFailure(int statusCode, Header[] headers, byte[] responseBody, Throwable error) {
            callback.onFailure(statusCode, new String(responseBody));
        }

    });
}

测试Class:

@RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner.class)
public class ApiTest{

@Test
public void testgetData () {

}

}

界面

public interface ServerCallback {
    // Api detect connection
    void onSuccess(int statusCode, String response);
    void onFailure(int statusCode, String response);
}

Answer 1

Роман,

我将提供一个一般性的答案，以帮助您朝着正确的方向前进。如果您对它们的使用有疑问，我首选的测试 http 请求的方法是使用 square okhttp mockwebserver. Review the project's unit tests。

在您的特定情况下，有几件事需要解决：

您需要覆盖测试中使用的基础url
android-async-http 库是异步的，但是，为了运行一致的单元测试，您需要 request/response 同步

因此，按照您的示例，让我们按如下方式设置您的测试客户端：

public class TestHttpClient {
    // package-local client that can be set in tests
    static AsyncHttpClient client = new AsyncHttpClient(); 
    // package-local baseUrl that can be set in tests
    static String baseUrl = "http://pastbin.org/";  

    public static void getData(final ServerCallback callback) {
        String url = baseUrl + "get";
        client.get(url, new AsyncHttpResponseHandler() {
            @Override
            public void onSuccess(int statusCode, Header[] headers, byte[] responseBody) {
                callback.onSuccess(statusCode, new String(responseBody));
            }

            @Override
            public void onFailure(int statusCode, Header[] headers, byte[] responseBody, Throwable error) {
                callback.onFailure(statusCode, new String(responseBody));
            }
        });
    }
}

要测试 TestHttpClient，请使用 MockWebServer 启动服务器进行测试，并设置客户端向服务器发出请求：

@RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner.class)
@Config(manifest = Config.NONE, sdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
public class TestHttpRequestTest {

    @Rule
    public MockWebServer mockWebServer = new MockWebServer();

    @Test
    public void getData_onSuccess_doesSomething() throws InterruptedException {
        // Here we are creating a mock ServerCallback.  We will use
        // this mock object to verify the callback is invoked
        ServerCallback callback = mock(ServerCallback.class);

        // To test the client, we need to send a request to the mock mockWebServer.
        // The MockWebServer spins up an actual backend to handle calls.  You MUST
        // setup the client to use the base Url of the mockWebServer instead of
        // the actual url e.g.: http://httpbin.org.
        TestHttpClient.baseUrl = mockWebServer.url("/").toString();

        // For testing, use a synchronous client so that we can get the response before
        // the test completes.
        TestHttpClient.client = new SyncHttpClient();

        // Set up the mockWebServer to return a MockResponse with
        // some data in the body. This data can be whatever you want... json, xml, etc.
        // The default response code is 200.
        mockWebServer.enqueue(new MockResponse().setBody("success"));
        // To simulate an error
        // mockWebServer.enqueue(new MockResponse().setResponseCode(500).setBody("error"));

        TestHttpClient.getData(callback); // calling the method under test

        verify(callback).onSuccess(200, "success"); // using verify of mockito
    }
}

备注：

async http client 库需要一些 android 系统组件才能正常工作，因此您必须使用 @RunWith(...) 注释
MockWebServer 需要将 sdk 设置为 v21 或更高版本的 @Config(sdk = 21) 才能与 Robolectric.

要在您的项目中包含 mockwebserver 和 mockito，请将以下内容添加到 build.gradle

dependencies {
        testCompile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:mockwebserver:3.2.0'
        testCompile 'org.mockito:mockito-core:1.10.19'
    }

测试愉快！！！

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