如何使用 sucuri 保护来抓取网站
How to scrape a web site with sucuri protection
根据 Scrapy Documetions，我想从多个站点抓取和抓取数据，我的代码可以在普通网站上正常工作，但是当我想抓取 Sucuri 的网站时我没有得到任何数据，似乎 sucuri 防火墙阻止我访问网站标记。
目标网站是 http://www.dwarozh.net/ 并且
这是我的蜘蛛代码片段
from scrapy import Spider
from scrapy.selector import Selector
import scrapy
from Stack.items import StackItem
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from scrapy import log
from scrapy.utils.response import open_in_browser
class StackSpider(Spider):
name = "stack"
start_urls = [
"http://www.dwarozh.net/sport/",
]
def parse(self, response):
mItems = Selector(response).xpath('//div[@class="news-more-img"]/ul/li')
for mItem in mItems:
item = StackItem()
item['title'] = mItem.xpath(
'a/h2/text()').extract_first()
item['url'] = mItem.xpath(
'viewa/@href').extract_first()
yield item
这是我得到的响应结果
<html><title>You are being redirected...</title>
<noscript>Javascript is required. Please enable javascript before you are allowed to see this page.</noscript>
<script>var s={},u,c,U,r,i,l=0,a,e=eval,w=String.fromCharCode,sucuri_cloudproxy_js='',S='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';L=S.length;U=0;r='';var A='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/';for(u=0;u<64;u++){s[A.charAt(u)]=u;}for(i=0;i<L;i++){c=s[S.charAt(i)];U=(U<<6)+c;l+=6;while(l>=8){((a=(U>>>(l-=8))&0xff)||(i<(L-2)))&&(r+=w(a));}}e(r);</script></html>
如何用scrapy绕过sucuri？
解析动态内容的一般解决方案是首先使用能够运行 Javascript（例如http://phantomjs.org/）的东西呈现dom/html，然后保存html 并将其提供给解析器。
这也有助于绕过一些基于 js 的保护器。
phantomjs 是一个单一的可执行文件，它将加载一个 uri 作为一个真正的浏览器，所有 JS 都被评估。
您可以通过 subprocess.call([phantomJsPath, jsProgramPath, url, htmlFileToSave])
从 Python 运行
对于 jsProgram 示例，您可以查看 https://github.com/ariya/phantomjs/blob/master/examples/rasterize.js
要从 js 程序中保存 html，请使用 fs.write(htmlFileToSave, page.content, "w");
我已经在 dwarozh.net 上测试了这个方法并且它有效，但你应该弄清楚如何将它插入你的 scrapy 管道。
特别是对于您的示例，您可以尝试 "manually" 解析提供的 javascript 以获取加载实际页面所需的 cookie 详细信息。尽管 Sucuri 算法可能随时更改，任何基于 cookie 或 js 解码的解决方案都会被破坏。
站点使用基于 cookie 和用户代理的保护。你可以这样检查。在 Chrome 中打开 DevTools。导航到目标页面 http://www.dwarozh.net/sport/，然后在“网络”选项卡中右键单击对页面的请求并 "Copy as CURL"
打开控制台和 运行 cURL:
$ curl 'http://www.dwarozh.net/sport/all-hawal.aspx?cor=3&Nawnishan=%D9%88%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%20%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%95' -H 'Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, sdch' -H 'Accept-Language: ru-RU,ru;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.6,en;q=0.4,es;q=0.2' -H 'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1' -H 'X-Compress: null' -H 'User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36' -H 'Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8' -H 'Referer: http://www.dwarozh.net/sport/details.aspx?jimare=10505' -H 'Cookie: __cfduid=dc9867; sucuri_cloudproxy_uuid_ce28bca9c=d36ad9; ASP.NET_SessionId=wqdo0v; __atuvc=1%7C49; sucuri_cloudproxy_uuid_0d5c=6ab0; _gat=1; __asc=7c0b5; __auc=35; _ga=GA1.2.19688' -H 'Connection: keep-alive' --compressed
您将看到正常的 html 代码。如果您从请求中删除 User-Agent 的 cookie，您将获得上限页面。
让我们在 scrapy 中检查一下：
$ scrapy shell
>>> from scrapy import Request
>>> cookie_str = '''here; your; cookies; from; browser; go;'''
>>> cookies = dict(pair.split('=') for pair in cookie_str.split('; '))
>>> cookies # check them
{'__auc': '999', '__cfduid': '796', '_gat': '1', '__atuvc': '1%7C49', 'sucuri_cloudproxy_uuid_0d5c97a96': '6ab007eb1
9', 'ASP.NET_SessionId': 'u9', '_ga': 'GA1.2.1968.148', '__asc': 'sfsdf', 'sucuri_cloudproxy_uuid_ce2
sfsdfs': 'sdfsdf'}
>>> r = Request(url='http://www.dwarozh.net/sport/', cookies=cookies, headers={'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_1) AppleWebKit/56 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome
/54. Safari/5'})
>>> fetch(r)
>>> response.xpath('//div[@class="news-more-img"]/ul/li')
[<Selector xpath='//div[@class="news-more-img"]/ul/li' data='<li><a href="details.aspx?jimare=10507">'>, <Selector xpath='//div[@class="news-more-img"]/ul/li' data='<li><a href="de
tails.aspx?jimare=10505">'>, <Selector xpath='//div[@class="news-more-img"]/ul/li' data='<li><a href="details.aspx?jimare=10504">'>, <Selector xpath='//div[@class="news-more-img"]/
ul/li' data='<li><a href="details.aspx?jimare=10503">'>, <Selector xpath='//div[@class="news-more-img"]/ul/li' data='<li><a href="details.aspx?jimare=10323">'>]
太棒了！让我们做一只蜘蛛：
我已经修改了你的，因为我没有一些组件的源代码。
from scrapy import Spider, Request
from scrapy.selector import Selector
import scrapy
#from Stack.items import StackItem
#from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from scrapy import log
from scrapy.utils.response import open_in_browser
class StackSpider(Spider):
name = "dwarozh"
start_urls = [
"http://www.dwarozh.net/sport/",
]
_cookie_str = '''__cfduid=dc986; sucuri_cloudproxy_uuid_ce=d36a; ASP.NET_SessionId=wq; __atuvc=1%7C49; sucuri_cloudproxy_uuid_0d5c97a96=6a; _gat=1; __asc=7c0b; __auc=3; _ga=GA1.2.196.14'''
_user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_1) AppleWebKit/5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54 Safari/5'
def start_requests(self):
cookies = dict(pair.split('=') for pair in self._cookie_str.split('; '))
return [Request(url=url, cookies=cookies, headers={'User-Agent': self._user_agent})
for url in self.start_urls]
def parse(self, response):
mItems = Selector(response).xpath('//div[@class="news-more-img"]/ul/li')
for mItem in mItems:
item = {} # StackItem()
item['title'] = mItem.xpath('a/h2/text()').extract_first()
item['url'] = mItem.xpath('viewa/@href').extract_first()
yield {'url': item['url'], 'title': item['title']}
让运行吧：
$ scrapy crawl dwarozh -o - -t csv --loglevel=DEBUG
/Users/el/Projects/scrap_woman/.env/lib/python3.4/importlib/_bootstrap.py:321: ScrapyDeprecationWarning: Module `scrapy.log` has been deprecated, Scrapy now relies on the builtin Python library for logging. Read the updated logging entry in the documentation to learn more.
return f(*args, **kwds)
2016-12-10 00:18:55 [scrapy] INFO: Scrapy 1.2.1 started (bot: scrap1)
2016-12-10 00:18:55 [scrapy] INFO: Overridden settings: {'SPIDER_MODULES': ['scrap1.spiders'], 'FEED_FORMAT': 'csv', 'BOT_NAME': 'scrap1', 'FEED_URI': 'stdout:', 'NEWSPIDER_MODULE': 'scrap1.spiders', 'ROBOTSTXT_OBEY': True}
2016-12-10 00:18:55 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled extensions:
['scrapy.extensions.corestats.CoreStats',
'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole',
'scrapy.extensions.feedexport.FeedExporter',
'scrapy.extensions.logstats.LogStats']
2016-12-10 00:18:55 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled downloader middlewares:
['scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.robotstxt.RobotsTxtMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry.RetryMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.RedirectMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.cookies.CookiesMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.chunked.ChunkedTransferMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.stats.DownloaderStats']
2016-12-10 00:18:55 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares:
['scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.referer.RefererMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.depth.DepthMiddleware']
2016-12-10 00:18:55 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled item pipelines:
[]
2016-12-10 00:18:55 [scrapy] INFO: Spider opened
2016-12-10 00:18:55 [scrapy] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2016-12-10 00:18:55 [scrapy] DEBUG: Telnet console listening on 127.0.0.1:6024
2016-12-10 00:18:55 [scrapy] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET http://www.dwarozh.net/robots.txt> (referer: None)
2016-12-10 00:18:56 [scrapy] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET http://www.dwarozh.net/sport/> (referer: None)
2016-12-10 00:18:56 [scrapy] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 http://www.dwarozh.net/sport/>
{'url': None, 'title': '\nلیستی یاریزانانی ریاڵ مەدرید بۆ یاری سبەی ڕاگەیەنراو پێنج یاریزان دورخرانەوە'}
2016-12-10 00:18:56 [scrapy] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 http://www.dwarozh.net/sport/>
{'url': None, 'title': '\nهەواڵێکی ناخۆش بۆ هاندەرانی ریاڵ مەدرید'}
2016-12-10 00:18:56 [scrapy] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 http://www.dwarozh.net/sport/>
{'url': None, 'title': '\nگرنگترین مانشێتی ئەمرۆ هەینی رۆژنامەکانی ئیسپانیا'}
2016-12-10 00:18:56 [scrapy] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 http://www.dwarozh.net/sport/>
{'url': None, 'title': '\nبەفەرمی یۆفا پێكهاتەی نموونەی جەولەی شەشەم و کۆتایی چامپیۆنس لیگی بڵاو کردەوە'}
2016-12-10 00:18:56 [scrapy] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 http://www.dwarozh.net/sport/>
{'url': None, 'title': '\nكچە یاریزانێك دەبێتە هۆیی دروست بوونی تیپێكی تۆكمە'}
2016-12-10 00:18:56 [scrapy] INFO: Closing spider (finished)
2016-12-10 00:18:56 [scrapy] INFO: Stored csv feed (5 items) in: stdout:
2016-12-10 00:18:56 [scrapy] INFO: Dumping Scrapy stats:
{'downloader/request_bytes': 950,
'downloader/request_count': 2,
'downloader/request_method_count/GET': 2,
'downloader/response_bytes': 15121,
'downloader/response_count': 2,
'downloader/response_status_count/200': 2,
'finish_reason': 'finished',
'finish_time': datetime.datetime(2016, 12, 9, 21, 18, 56, 271371),
'item_scraped_count': 5,
'log_count/DEBUG': 8,
'log_count/INFO': 8,
'response_received_count': 2,
'scheduler/dequeued': 1,
'scheduler/dequeued/memory': 1,
'scheduler/enqueued': 1,
'scheduler/enqueued/memory': 1,
'start_time': datetime.datetime(2016, 12, 9, 21, 18, 55, 869851)}
2016-12-10 00:18:56 [scrapy] INFO: Spider closed (finished)
url,title
,"
لیستی یاریزانانی ریاڵ مەدرید بۆ یاری سبەی ڕاگەیەنراو پێنج یاریزان دورخرانەوە"
,"
هەواڵێکی ناخۆش بۆ هاندەرانی ریاڵ مەدرید"
,"
گرنگترین مانشێتی ئەمرۆ هەینی رۆژنامەکانی ئیسپانیا"
,"
بەفەرمی یۆفا پێكهاتەی نموونەی جەولەی شەشەم و کۆتایی چامپیۆنس لیگی بڵاو کردەوە"
,"
كچە یاریزانێك دەبێتە هۆیی دروست بوونی تیپێكی تۆكمە"
您可能需要不时更新 cookie。你可以为此使用 PhantomJS。
更新:
如何使用 PhantomJS 获取 cookie。
安装PhantomJS。
像这样制作脚本dwarosh.js:
var page = require('webpage').create();
page.settings.userAgent = 'SpecialAgent';
page.open('http://www.dwarozh.net/sport/', function(status) {
console.log("Status: " + status);
if(status === "success") {
page.render('example.png');
page.evaluate(function() {
return document.title;
});
}
for (var i=0; i<page.cookies.length; i++) {
var c = page.cookies[i];
console.log(c.name, c.value);
};
phantom.exit();
});
运行 脚本：
$ phantomjs --cookies-file=cookie.txt dwarosh.js
TypeError: undefined is not an object (evaluating 'activeElement.position().left')
http://www.dwarozh.net/sport/js/script.js:5
https://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.min.js:4 in c
https://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.min.js:4 in fireWith
https://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.min.js:4 in ready
https://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.min.js:4 in q
Status: success
__auc 250ab0a9158ee9e73eeeac78bba
__asc 250ab0a9158ee9e73eeeac78bba
_gat 1
_ga GA1.2.260482211.1481472111
ASP.NET_SessionId vs1utb1nyblqkxprxgazh0g2
sucuri_cloudproxy_uuid_3e07984e4 26e4ab3...
__cfduid d9059962a4c12e0f....1
获取 cookie sucuri_cloudproxy_uuid_3e07984e4 并尝试使用 curl 和相同的 User-Agent 获取页面。
$ curl -v http://www.dwarozh.net/sport/ -b sucuri_cloudproxy_uuid_3e07984e4=26e4ab377efbf766d4be7eff20328465 -A SpecialAgent
* Trying 104.25.209.23...
* Connected to www.dwarozh.net (104.25.209.23) port 80 (#0)
> GET /sport/ HTTP/1.1
> Host: www.dwarozh.net
> User-Agent: SpecialAgent
> Accept: */*
> Cookie: sucuri_cloudproxy_uuid_3e07984e4=26e4ab377efbf766d4be7eff20328465
>
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Date: Sun, 11 Dec 2016 16:17:04 GMT
< Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
< Transfer-Encoding: chunked
< Connection: keep-alive
< Set-Cookie: __cfduid=d1646515f5ba28212d4e4ca562e2966311481473024; expires=Mon, 11-Dec-17 16:17:04 GMT; path=/; domain=.dwarozh.net; HttpOnly
< Cache-Control: private
< Vary: Accept-Encoding
< Set-Cookie: ASP.NET_SessionId=srxyurlfpzxaxn1ufr0dvxc2; path=/; HttpOnly
< X-AspNet-Version: 4.0.30319
< X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
< X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
< X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
< X-Sucuri-ID: 15008
< Server: cloudflare-nginx
< CF-RAY: 30fa3ea1335237b0-ARN
<
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"/><title>
Dwarozh : Sport
</title><meta content="دواڕۆژ سپۆرت هەواڵی ناوخۆ،هەواڵی جیهانی، وەرزشەکانی دیکە" name="description"/><meta property="fb:app_id" content="1713056075578566"/><meta content="initial-scale=1.0, width=device-width, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" name="viewport"/><link href="wene/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon"/><link href="wene/style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
<script src="js/jquery-2.1.1.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="js/script.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<link href="css/styles.css" rel="stylesheet"/>
<script src="js/classie.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
根据 Scrapy Documetions，我想从多个站点抓取和抓取数据，我的代码可以在普通网站上正常工作，但是当我想抓取 Sucuri 的网站时我没有得到任何数据，似乎 sucuri 防火墙阻止我访问网站标记。
目标网站是 http://www.dwarozh.net/ 并且 这是我的蜘蛛代码片段
from scrapy import Spider
from scrapy.selector import Selector
import scrapy
from Stack.items import StackItem
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from scrapy import log
from scrapy.utils.response import open_in_browser
class StackSpider(Spider):
name = "stack"
start_urls = [
"http://www.dwarozh.net/sport/",
]
def parse(self, response):
mItems = Selector(response).xpath('//div[@class="news-more-img"]/ul/li')
for mItem in mItems:
item = StackItem()
item['title'] = mItem.xpath(
'a/h2/text()').extract_first()
item['url'] = mItem.xpath(
'viewa/@href').extract_first()
yield item
这是我得到的响应结果
<html><title>You are being redirected...</title>
<noscript>Javascript is required. Please enable javascript before you are allowed to see this page.</noscript>
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如何用scrapy绕过sucuri？
解析动态内容的一般解决方案是首先使用能够运行 Javascript（例如http://phantomjs.org/）的东西呈现dom/html，然后保存html 并将其提供给解析器。
这也有助于绕过一些基于 js 的保护器。
phantomjs 是一个单一的可执行文件，它将加载一个 uri 作为一个真正的浏览器，所有 JS 都被评估。
您可以通过 subprocess.call([phantomJsPath, jsProgramPath, url, htmlFileToSave])
对于 jsProgram 示例，您可以查看 https://github.com/ariya/phantomjs/blob/master/examples/rasterize.js
要从 js 程序中保存 html，请使用 fs.write(htmlFileToSave, page.content, "w");
我已经在 dwarozh.net 上测试了这个方法并且它有效，但你应该弄清楚如何将它插入你的 scrapy 管道。
特别是对于您的示例，您可以尝试 "manually" 解析提供的 javascript 以获取加载实际页面所需的 cookie 详细信息。尽管 Sucuri 算法可能随时更改，任何基于 cookie 或 js 解码的解决方案都会被破坏。
站点使用基于 cookie 和用户代理的保护。你可以这样检查。在 Chrome 中打开 DevTools。导航到目标页面 http://www.dwarozh.net/sport/，然后在“网络”选项卡中右键单击对页面的请求并 "Copy as CURL" 打开控制台和 运行 cURL:
$ curl 'http://www.dwarozh.net/sport/all-hawal.aspx?cor=3&Nawnishan=%D9%88%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%20%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%95' -H 'Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, sdch' -H 'Accept-Language: ru-RU,ru;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.6,en;q=0.4,es;q=0.2' -H 'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1' -H 'X-Compress: null' -H 'User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36' -H 'Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8' -H 'Referer: http://www.dwarozh.net/sport/details.aspx?jimare=10505' -H 'Cookie: __cfduid=dc9867; sucuri_cloudproxy_uuid_ce28bca9c=d36ad9; ASP.NET_SessionId=wqdo0v; __atuvc=1%7C49; sucuri_cloudproxy_uuid_0d5c=6ab0; _gat=1; __asc=7c0b5; __auc=35; _ga=GA1.2.19688' -H 'Connection: keep-alive' --compressed
您将看到正常的 html 代码。如果您从请求中删除 User-Agent 的 cookie，您将获得上限页面。
让我们在 scrapy 中检查一下：
$ scrapy shell
>>> from scrapy import Request
>>> cookie_str = '''here; your; cookies; from; browser; go;'''
>>> cookies = dict(pair.split('=') for pair in cookie_str.split('; '))
>>> cookies # check them
{'__auc': '999', '__cfduid': '796', '_gat': '1', '__atuvc': '1%7C49', 'sucuri_cloudproxy_uuid_0d5c97a96': '6ab007eb1
9', 'ASP.NET_SessionId': 'u9', '_ga': 'GA1.2.1968.148', '__asc': 'sfsdf', 'sucuri_cloudproxy_uuid_ce2
sfsdfs': 'sdfsdf'}
>>> r = Request(url='http://www.dwarozh.net/sport/', cookies=cookies, headers={'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_1) AppleWebKit/56 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome
/54. Safari/5'})
>>> fetch(r)
>>> response.xpath('//div[@class="news-more-img"]/ul/li')
[<Selector xpath='//div[@class="news-more-img"]/ul/li' data='<li><a href="details.aspx?jimare=10507">'>, <Selector xpath='//div[@class="news-more-img"]/ul/li' data='<li><a href="de
tails.aspx?jimare=10505">'>, <Selector xpath='//div[@class="news-more-img"]/ul/li' data='<li><a href="details.aspx?jimare=10504">'>, <Selector xpath='//div[@class="news-more-img"]/
ul/li' data='<li><a href="details.aspx?jimare=10503">'>, <Selector xpath='//div[@class="news-more-img"]/ul/li' data='<li><a href="details.aspx?jimare=10323">'>]
太棒了！让我们做一只蜘蛛：
我已经修改了你的，因为我没有一些组件的源代码。
from scrapy import Spider, Request
from scrapy.selector import Selector
import scrapy
#from Stack.items import StackItem
#from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from scrapy import log
from scrapy.utils.response import open_in_browser
class StackSpider(Spider):
name = "dwarozh"
start_urls = [
"http://www.dwarozh.net/sport/",
]
_cookie_str = '''__cfduid=dc986; sucuri_cloudproxy_uuid_ce=d36a; ASP.NET_SessionId=wq; __atuvc=1%7C49; sucuri_cloudproxy_uuid_0d5c97a96=6a; _gat=1; __asc=7c0b; __auc=3; _ga=GA1.2.196.14'''
_user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_1) AppleWebKit/5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54 Safari/5'
def start_requests(self):
cookies = dict(pair.split('=') for pair in self._cookie_str.split('; '))
return [Request(url=url, cookies=cookies, headers={'User-Agent': self._user_agent})
for url in self.start_urls]
def parse(self, response):
mItems = Selector(response).xpath('//div[@class="news-more-img"]/ul/li')
for mItem in mItems:
item = {} # StackItem()
item['title'] = mItem.xpath('a/h2/text()').extract_first()
item['url'] = mItem.xpath('viewa/@href').extract_first()
yield {'url': item['url'], 'title': item['title']}
让运行吧：
$ scrapy crawl dwarozh -o - -t csv --loglevel=DEBUG
/Users/el/Projects/scrap_woman/.env/lib/python3.4/importlib/_bootstrap.py:321: ScrapyDeprecationWarning: Module `scrapy.log` has been deprecated, Scrapy now relies on the builtin Python library for logging. Read the updated logging entry in the documentation to learn more.
return f(*args, **kwds)
2016-12-10 00:18:55 [scrapy] INFO: Scrapy 1.2.1 started (bot: scrap1)
2016-12-10 00:18:55 [scrapy] INFO: Overridden settings: {'SPIDER_MODULES': ['scrap1.spiders'], 'FEED_FORMAT': 'csv', 'BOT_NAME': 'scrap1', 'FEED_URI': 'stdout:', 'NEWSPIDER_MODULE': 'scrap1.spiders', 'ROBOTSTXT_OBEY': True}
2016-12-10 00:18:55 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled extensions:
['scrapy.extensions.corestats.CoreStats',
'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole',
'scrapy.extensions.feedexport.FeedExporter',
'scrapy.extensions.logstats.LogStats']
2016-12-10 00:18:55 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled downloader middlewares:
['scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.robotstxt.RobotsTxtMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry.RetryMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.RedirectMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.cookies.CookiesMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.chunked.ChunkedTransferMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.stats.DownloaderStats']
2016-12-10 00:18:55 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares:
['scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.referer.RefererMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.depth.DepthMiddleware']
2016-12-10 00:18:55 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled item pipelines:
[]
2016-12-10 00:18:55 [scrapy] INFO: Spider opened
2016-12-10 00:18:55 [scrapy] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2016-12-10 00:18:55 [scrapy] DEBUG: Telnet console listening on 127.0.0.1:6024
2016-12-10 00:18:55 [scrapy] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET http://www.dwarozh.net/robots.txt> (referer: None)
2016-12-10 00:18:56 [scrapy] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET http://www.dwarozh.net/sport/> (referer: None)
2016-12-10 00:18:56 [scrapy] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 http://www.dwarozh.net/sport/>
{'url': None, 'title': '\nلیستی یاریزانانی ریاڵ مەدرید بۆ یاری سبەی ڕاگەیەنراو پێنج یاریزان دورخرانەوە'}
2016-12-10 00:18:56 [scrapy] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 http://www.dwarozh.net/sport/>
{'url': None, 'title': '\nهەواڵێکی ناخۆش بۆ هاندەرانی ریاڵ مەدرید'}
2016-12-10 00:18:56 [scrapy] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 http://www.dwarozh.net/sport/>
{'url': None, 'title': '\nگرنگترین مانشێتی ئەمرۆ هەینی رۆژنامەکانی ئیسپانیا'}
2016-12-10 00:18:56 [scrapy] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 http://www.dwarozh.net/sport/>
{'url': None, 'title': '\nبەفەرمی یۆفا پێكهاتەی نموونەی جەولەی شەشەم و کۆتایی چامپیۆنس لیگی بڵاو کردەوە'}
2016-12-10 00:18:56 [scrapy] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 http://www.dwarozh.net/sport/>
{'url': None, 'title': '\nكچە یاریزانێك دەبێتە هۆیی دروست بوونی تیپێكی تۆكمە'}
2016-12-10 00:18:56 [scrapy] INFO: Closing spider (finished)
2016-12-10 00:18:56 [scrapy] INFO: Stored csv feed (5 items) in: stdout:
2016-12-10 00:18:56 [scrapy] INFO: Dumping Scrapy stats:
{'downloader/request_bytes': 950,
'downloader/request_count': 2,
'downloader/request_method_count/GET': 2,
'downloader/response_bytes': 15121,
'downloader/response_count': 2,
'downloader/response_status_count/200': 2,
'finish_reason': 'finished',
'finish_time': datetime.datetime(2016, 12, 9, 21, 18, 56, 271371),
'item_scraped_count': 5,
'log_count/DEBUG': 8,
'log_count/INFO': 8,
'response_received_count': 2,
'scheduler/dequeued': 1,
'scheduler/dequeued/memory': 1,
'scheduler/enqueued': 1,
'scheduler/enqueued/memory': 1,
'start_time': datetime.datetime(2016, 12, 9, 21, 18, 55, 869851)}
2016-12-10 00:18:56 [scrapy] INFO: Spider closed (finished)
url,title
,"
لیستی یاریزانانی ریاڵ مەدرید بۆ یاری سبەی ڕاگەیەنراو پێنج یاریزان دورخرانەوە"
,"
هەواڵێکی ناخۆش بۆ هاندەرانی ریاڵ مەدرید"
,"
گرنگترین مانشێتی ئەمرۆ هەینی رۆژنامەکانی ئیسپانیا"
,"
بەفەرمی یۆفا پێكهاتەی نموونەی جەولەی شەشەم و کۆتایی چامپیۆنس لیگی بڵاو کردەوە"
,"
كچە یاریزانێك دەبێتە هۆیی دروست بوونی تیپێكی تۆكمە"
您可能需要不时更新 cookie。你可以为此使用 PhantomJS。
更新:
如何使用 PhantomJS 获取 cookie。
安装PhantomJS。
像这样制作脚本
dwarosh.js:var page = require('webpage').create(); page.settings.userAgent = 'SpecialAgent'; page.open('http://www.dwarozh.net/sport/', function(status) { console.log("Status: " + status); if(status === "success") { page.render('example.png'); page.evaluate(function() { return document.title; }); } for (var i=0; i<page.cookies.length; i++) { var c = page.cookies[i]; console.log(c.name, c.value); }; phantom.exit(); });运行 脚本：
$ phantomjs --cookies-file=cookie.txt dwarosh.js TypeError: undefined is not an object (evaluating 'activeElement.position().left') http://www.dwarozh.net/sport/js/script.js:5 https://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.min.js:4 in c https://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.min.js:4 in fireWith https://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.min.js:4 in ready https://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.min.js:4 in q Status: success __auc 250ab0a9158ee9e73eeeac78bba __asc 250ab0a9158ee9e73eeeac78bba _gat 1 _ga GA1.2.260482211.1481472111 ASP.NET_SessionId vs1utb1nyblqkxprxgazh0g2 sucuri_cloudproxy_uuid_3e07984e4 26e4ab3... __cfduid d9059962a4c12e0f....1获取 cookie
sucuri_cloudproxy_uuid_3e07984e4并尝试使用curl和相同的 User-Agent 获取页面。$ curl -v http://www.dwarozh.net/sport/ -b sucuri_cloudproxy_uuid_3e07984e4=26e4ab377efbf766d4be7eff20328465 -A SpecialAgent * Trying 104.25.209.23... * Connected to www.dwarozh.net (104.25.209.23) port 80 (#0) > GET /sport/ HTTP/1.1 > Host: www.dwarozh.net > User-Agent: SpecialAgent > Accept: */* > Cookie: sucuri_cloudproxy_uuid_3e07984e4=26e4ab377efbf766d4be7eff20328465 > < HTTP/1.1 200 OK < Date: Sun, 11 Dec 2016 16:17:04 GMT < Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 < Transfer-Encoding: chunked < Connection: keep-alive < Set-Cookie: __cfduid=d1646515f5ba28212d4e4ca562e2966311481473024; expires=Mon, 11-Dec-17 16:17:04 GMT; path=/; domain=.dwarozh.net; HttpOnly < Cache-Control: private < Vary: Accept-Encoding < Set-Cookie: ASP.NET_SessionId=srxyurlfpzxaxn1ufr0dvxc2; path=/; HttpOnly < X-AspNet-Version: 4.0.30319 < X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block < X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN < X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff < X-Sucuri-ID: 15008 < Server: cloudflare-nginx < CF-RAY: 30fa3ea1335237b0-ARN < <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"/><title> Dwarozh : Sport </title><meta content="دواڕۆژ سپۆرت هەواڵی ناوخۆ،هەواڵی جیهانی، وەرزشەکانی دیکە" name="description"/><meta property="fb:app_id" content="1713056075578566"/><meta content="initial-scale=1.0, width=device-width, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" name="viewport"/><link href="wene/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon"/><link href="wene/style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <script src="js/jquery-2.1.1.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="js/script.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <link href="css/styles.css" rel="stylesheet"/> <script src="js/classie.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript">