使用 readxl 包从 URL 中读取 Excel 文件

Question

考虑互联网上的一个文件（比如这个（注意 https 中的 s）https://evs.nci.nih.gov/ftp1/CDISC/SDTM/SDTM%20Terminology.xls

文件的sheet2如何读入R？

以下代码是所需内容的近似值（但失败）

url1<-'https://evs.nci.nih.gov/ftp1/CDISC/SDTM/SDTM%20Terminology.xls'
p1f <- tempfile()
download.file(url1, p1f, mode="wb")
p1<-read_excel(path = p1f, sheet = 2)

Answer 1

当我执行前 3 行时，我在临时文件夹中获得了三个文件，没有文件扩展名的文件名为 filed3a2827f129。如果我向该文件添加扩展名“.xls”，则可以使用 OpenOffice.org 的 Calc 函数打开它，这是查看器面板为 sheet2 显示的内容的右上角。

所以我想知道粘贴该文件路径是否可以让 read_excel 打开它。它不会打开原始文件名，但会打开重命名的文件：

> p1<-read_excel( path ="/private/var/folders/yq/m3j1jqtj6hq6s5mq_v0jn3s80000gn/T/RtmpxfaZRt/filed3a2827f129.xls", sheet = 2)
DEFINEDNAME: 21 00 00 01 0b 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 0d 3b 00 00 00 00 a3 4e 00 00 07 00 
DEFINEDNAME: 21 00 00 01 0b 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 0d 3b 00 00 00 00 a3 4e 00 00 07 00 
DEFINEDNAME: 21 00 00 01 0b 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 0d 3b 00 00 00 00 a3 4e 00 00 07 00 
DEFINEDNAME: 21 00 00 01 0b 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 0d 3b 00 00 00 00 a3 4e 00 00 07 00 
> str(p1)
Classes ‘tbl_df’, ‘tbl’ and 'data.frame':   20131 obs. of  8 variables:
 $ Code                        : chr  "C115388" "C115800" "C115801" "C115802" ...
 $ Codelist Code               : chr  NA "C115388" "C115388" "C115388" ...
 $ Codelist Extensible (Yes/No): chr  "No" NA NA NA ...
 $ Codelist Name               : chr  "6 Minute Walk Functional Test Test Code" "6 Minute Walk Functional Test Test Code" "6 Minute Walk Functional Test Test Code" "6 Minute Walk Functional Test Test Code" ...
 $ CDISC Submission Value      : chr  "SIXMW1TC" "SIXMW101" "SIXMW102" "SIXMW103" ...
 $ CDISC Synonym(s)            : chr  "6 Minute Walk Functional Test Test Code" "SIXMW1-Distance at 1 Minute" "SIXMW1-Distance at 2 Minutes" "SIXMW1-Distance at 3 Minutes" ...
 $ CDISC Definition            : chr  "6 Minute Walk Test test code." "6 Minute Walk Test - Distance at 1 minute." "6 Minute Walk Test - Distance at 2 minutes." "6 Minute Walk Test - Distance at 3 minutes." ...
 $ NCI Preferred Term          : chr  "CDISC Functional Test 6MWT Test Code Terminology" "6MWT - Distance at 1 Minute" "6MWT - Distance at 2 Minutes" "6MWT - Distance at 3 Minutes" ...

Answer 2

这适用于我 Windows:

library(readxl)
library(httr)
packageVersion("readxl")
# [1] ‘0.1.1’

GET(url1, write_disk(tf <- tempfile(fileext = ".xls")))
df <- read_excel(tf, 2L)
str(df)
# Classes ‘tbl_df’, ‘tbl’ and 'data.frame': 20131 obs. of  8 variables:
# $ Code                        : chr  "C115388" "C115800" "C115801" "C115802" ...
# $ Codelist Code               : chr  NA "C115388" "C115388" "C115388" ...
# $ Codelist Extensible (Yes/No): chr  "No" NA NA NA ...
# $ Codelist Name               : chr  "6 Minute Walk Functional Test Test Code" "6 Minute Walk Functional Test Test Code" "6 Minute Walk Functional Test Test Code" "6 Minute Walk Functional Test Test Code" ...
# $ CDISC Submission Value      : chr  "SIXMW1TC" "SIXMW101" "SIXMW102" "SIXMW103" ...
# $ CDISC Synonym(s)            : chr  "6 Minute Walk Functional Test Test Code" "SIXMW1-Distance at 1 Minute" "SIXMW1-Distance at 2 Minutes" "SIXMW1-Distance at 3 Minutes" ...
# $ CDISC Definition            : chr  "6 Minute Walk Test test code." "6 Minute Walk Test - Distance at 1 minute." "6 Minute Walk Test - Distance at 2 minutes." "6 Minute Walk Test - Distance at 3 minutes." ...
# $ NCI Preferred Term          : chr  "CDISC Functional Test 6MWT Test Code Terminology" "6MWT - Distance at 1 Minute" "6MWT - Distance at 2 Minutes" "6MWT - Distance at 3 Minutes" ...

Answer 3

来自 this issue on Github (#278):

some functionality for supporting more general inputs will be pulled out of readr, at which point readxl can exploit that.

所以我们应该能够在（希望不久的将来）将 URL 直接传递给 read_excel()。

Answer 4

使用rio R 包。 link。这里有一个代表：

library(tidyverse)
library(rio)
url <- 'https://evs.nci.nih.gov/ftp1/CDISC/SDTM/SDTM%20Terminology.xls'
rio::import(file = url,which = 2) %>% 
  glimpse()
#> 
#> Rows: 30,995
#> Columns: 8
#> $ Code                           <chr> "C141663", "C141706", "C141707"...
#> $ `Codelist Code`                <chr> NA, "C141663", "C141663", "C141...
#> $ `Codelist Extensible (Yes/No)` <chr> "No", NA, NA, NA, "No", NA, NA,...
#> $ `Codelist Name`                <chr> "4 Stair Ascend Functional Test...
#> $ `CDISC Submission Value`       <chr> "A4STR1TC", "A4STR101", "A4STR1...
#> $ `CDISC Synonym(s)`             <chr> "4 Stair Ascend Functional Test...
#> $ `CDISC Definition`             <chr> "4 Stair Ascend test code.", "4...
#> $ `NCI Preferred Term`           <chr> "CDISC Functional Test 4 Stair ...

Answer 5

一个更简单的解决方案是使用 openxlsx 包。这是一个示例，可以根据您的需要进行调整：

library(openxlsx)
df = read.xlsx("https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/machine-learning-databases/00242/ENB2012_data.xlsx",sheet=1)

使用 readxl 包从 URL 中读取 Excel 文件

Read Excel file from a URL using the readxl package

excel

r

readxl