互联网网关的 AWS CloudFormation 错误

Question

这里是 CloudFormation 初学者。我一直在研究并致力于开发 CloudFormation 模板，该模板最终将用作我的团队开发环境的起点。

我一直在通过一些在线课程和示例进行点点滴滴的挑选，并且在我的小尝试中相对成功......直到今晚。

我现在正尝试将 Internet 网关连接到我的 VPC，这导致堆栈创建作业失败并回滚。 Internet 网关不会连接，我无法确定原因。

我的完整模板在这里。计划是创建一个具有 2 public 和 2 个私有子网的 VPC。将有一个互联网网关连接到 2 public 个子网。这就是失败的来源。如果我注释掉 Internet 网关创建，则模板成功。在此先感谢您的帮助。

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: '2010-09-09'

Resources:
  DevVPC:
    Type: AWS::EC2::VPC
    Properties:
      CidrBlock: 10.0.0.0/16
      EnableDnsSupport: 'true'
      EnableDnsHostnames: 'true'
      InstanceTenancy: default
  Tags:
  - Key: Name
    Value: dev-vpc

  DevRoute53HostedZone:
    Type: "AWS::Route53::HostedZone"
    Properties:
      HostedZoneConfig:
        Comment: "aws hosted dev environment"
      Name: "mydomain.oregon-dev.local"
      VPCs:
        -
          VPCId: !Ref DevVPC
          VPCRegion: "us-west-2"

  DevPublicSubnetA:
Type: AWS::EC2::Subnet
Properties:
  VpcId: !Ref DevVPC
  CidrBlock: 10.0.8.0/25
  AvailabilityZone: "us-west-2a"
  Tags:
  - Key: Name
    Value: DevPublicSubnetA

  DevPublicSubnetB:
      Type: AWS::EC2::Subnet
      Properties:
        VpcId: !Ref DevVPC
        CidrBlock: 10.0.8.128/25
        AvailabilityZone: "us-west-2b"
        Tags:
        - Key: Name
          Value: DevPublicSubnetB

  DevPrivateSubnetA:
    Type: AWS::EC2::Subnet
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref DevVPC
      CidrBlock: 10.0.9.0/25
      AvailabilityZone: "us-west-2a"
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: DevPrivateSubnetA

  DevPrivateSubnetB:
    Type: AWS::EC2::Subnet
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref DevVPC
      CidrBlock: 10.0.9.128/25
      AvailabilityZone: "us-west-2b"
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: DevPrivateSubnetB

  RouteTable:
    Type: AWS::EC2::RouteTable
    Properties:
      VpcId:
        Ref: DevVPC
      Tags:
      - Key: Name
        Value: DevRouteTable

  DevRoute:
    Type: AWS::EC2::Route
    DependsOn: NonProdNATGateway
    Properties:
      RouteTableId:
        Ref: RouteTable
      DestinationCidrBlock: 0.0.0.0/0
      GatewayId:
        Ref: NonProdNATGateway

  NonProdNATEIP:
    Type: AWS::EC2::EIP
    Properties:
      Domain: vpc

  NonProdNATGateway:
    Type: AWS::EC2::NatGateway
    Properties:
      AllocationId: !GetAtt NonProdNATEIP.AllocationId
      SubnetId: !Ref DevPublicSubnetA
      SubnetId: !Ref DevPublicSubnetB
    DependsOn:
      - NonProdNATEIP
      - DevPublicSubnetA
      - DevPublicSubnetB

  NonProdGWVPCAttachment:
    Type: AWS::EC2::VPCGatewayAttachment
    Properties:
      InternetGatewayId: !Ref NonProdNATGateway
      VpcId: !Ref DevVPC
    DependsOn:
      - NonProdNATGateway

  Route:
    Type: AWS::EC2::Route
    Properties:
      RouteTableId:
        Ref: RouteTable
      DestinationCidrBlock: 0.0.0.0/0
      NatGatewayId:
        Ref: NonProdNATGateway

  PrivateRouteTableAssociation:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation
    Properties:
      RouteTableId: !Ref RouteTable
      SubnetId: !Ref DevPrivateSubnetA
      SubnetId: !Ref DevPrivateSubnetB

  PublicRouteTableAssociation:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation
    Properties:
      RouteTableId: !Ref RouteTable
      SubnetId: !Ref DevPublicSubnetA
      SubnetId: !Ref DevPublicSubnetB

Mappings:
  R53EnvironmentMapping:
    dev:
      oregonawslocal: mydomain.oregon-dev.local

Outputs:

  DevPublicSubnetA:
    Description: ID for dev subnet A
    Value: !Ref DevPublicSubnetA
    Export:
      Name: DevPublicSubnetA

  DevPublicSubnetB:
    Description: ID for dev subnet B
    Value: !Ref DevPublicSubnetB
    Export:
      Name: DevPublicSubnetB

  DevPrivateSubnetA:
    Description: ID for dev subnet A
    Value: !Ref DevPrivateSubnetA
    Export:
       Name: DevPrivateSubnetA

  DevPrivateSubnetB:
    Description: ID for dev subnet B
    Value: !Ref DevPrivateSubnetB
    Export:
      Name: DevPrivateSubnetB

   DevRoute53OregonAWSLocalHostedZone:
    Description: Hosted zone ID for hosted zone
    Value: !Ref DevRoute53HostedZone
    Export:
      Name: DevRoute53OregonAWSLocalHostedZone

  DevRoute53OregonAWSLocalHostedZoneName:
    Description: Hosted zone name for hosted zone
     Value: !FindInMap [R53EnvironmentMapping, dev, oregonawslocal]
     Export:
       Name: DevRoute53OregonAWSLocalHostedZoneName

Answer 1

作为 Michael - sqlbot mentioned in a , one issue is that you're referencing an AWS::EC2::NATGateway resource in the AWS::EC2::VPCGatewayAttachment resource's InternetGatewayId property, which requires an AWS::EC2::InternetGateway 资源。

NAT Gateways and Internet Gateways 是两种不同类型的 AWS 资源 - NAT 网关提供 outbound-only 对私有子网的 Internet 访问，而 Internet 网关提供 two-way 对 public 子网。

另一个问题是您需要两组独立的 AWS::EC2::RouteTable and AWS::EC2::Route Resources, one set for your public Subnet and another for your private Subnet. The public Route should have GatewayId referencing the Internet Gateway, and the private Route should have NatGatewayId 引用 NAT 网关。

最后，您在多个资源（NatGateway、SubnetRouteTableAssociation）中有一些无效的重复 SubnetId 属性 - 这些资源中的每一个仅点接受一个子网 ID。

由于您是 CloudFormation 初学者，我强烈建议您利用 AWS Quick Start's Amazon VPC Architecture template 参考 VPC 架构快速入门。此 AWS-supported 模板创建一个 VPC，其中包含每个指定可用区内的 public 和私有子网（您提供 2-4 个可用区作为参数）。如有必要，您稍后可以自定义此模板以更好地满足您的特定需求，或将其用作配置您自己的模板资源的参考。

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