recv() 字符数组大小

recv() char array size

我正在努力实现一个 C++ 客户端服务器聊天程序,以了解更多/练习套接字编程。我正在使用 winsockV2。

简而言之, 客户端程序连接到服务器,服务器将客户端套接字存储在向量中 客户端程序发送消息供服务器分发给向量中的其他客户端。

我认为我 运行 遇到的问题是客户端和服务器正在接收消息并将其存储在 char message[256] 中,如果消息短于 256,则奇怪的字符是当我被告知 std::cout << message; 时显示的是未初始化的内存。这是输出示例:

k:message from client to other client╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠╠(■o

有什么方法可以创建接收消息大小的字符数组吗?即

char recvMessage[4096];
int s = recv(socket, recvMessage, sizeof(recvMessage),0);
char recvOutput[strlen(recvMessage)] = recvMessage;
std::cout << recvOutput << std::endl;

否则,对于不知道长度的 recv 消息,您的解决方案是什么?

如果我是个彻头彻尾的白痴,请善待我,我来自PHP。 类 如下:

SVR.CPP

参见 receiveMessages()distributeMessages() 函数

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "svr.h"

svr::svr()
{
    //WSA Business I don't understand
    WORD wVersionRequested;
    WSADATA wsaData;
    int err;

    /* Use the MAKEWORD(lowbyte, highbyte) macro declared in Windef.h */
    wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(2, 2);

    err = WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData);
    if (err != 0)
    {
        /* Tell the user that we could not find a usable */
        /* Winsock DLL.                                  */
        printf("WSAStartup failed with error: %d\n", err);
    }
    //End of WSA Business

    //get addressSize
    addressSize = sizeof(address);
    //set address data members
    address.sin_family = AF_INET;
    address.sin_port = htons(444);
    address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;

    //init sListen
    sListen = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    bind(sListen, (sockaddr*)&address, addressSize);
}

svr::~svr()
{
}

void svr::start()
{
    std::thread newConnThread(&svr::newConnection, this);
    newConnThread.join();
}

void svr::receiveMessages(int clientIndex)
{
    std::cout << "\tsvr::recv thread started for client index:" << clientIndex << std::endl;

    //create char arr
    char recvMessage[256];

    //forever
    while (true)
    {
        //receive message and input it to recvMessage char arr.
        recv(clients[clientIndex], recvMessage, sizeof(recvMessage), 0);

        //if message is not null, send out to other clients
        if (recvMessage != NULL)
        {
            std::cout << "\t\tINFO:Received message of length: " << std::strlen(recvMessage) << " size: " << sizeof(recvMessage) << " : " << recvMessage << std::endl;
            distributeMessages(recvMessage, clientIndex);
        }
    }
}

//distributes messages to all clients in vector. called by receiveMessages function, normally in rMessages thread.
void svr::distributeMessages(std::string message, int clientIndex)
{
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < clients.size(); i++)
    {
        if (clientIndex != i)
        {
            send(clients[i], message.c_str(), message.length(), 0);
        }
        else
        {
            //would have sent to self, not useful.
        }
    }
}

//accepts new connections and adds sockets to vector.
void svr::newConnection()
{
    //mark for accept, unsure of somaxconn value;
    listen(sListen, SOMAXCONN);

    std::cout << "\tSERVER: awaiting new connections..." << std::endl;
    while (true)
    {
        //accept connection and push on to vector.
        clients.push_back(accept(sListen, (sockaddr*)&address, &addressSize));

        //responds to new clients.
        const char *message = "Hi, you've successfully connected!";

        int clientIndex = clients.size() - 1;
        int sent = send(clients[clientIndex], message, 33, 0);

        //start new receiveMessage thread
        std::thread newClient(&svr::receiveMessages, this, clientIndex);

        //detach here, let newConn thread operate without depending on receiveMessages
        newClient.detach();
    }
    std::cout << "\tSERVER: no longer listening for new connections" << std::endl;
 }

CLI.CPP

参见 cSend()cRecv() 函数

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "cli.h"

cli::cli(char *ip)
{
    //WSA
    {
        WORD wVersionRequested;
        WSADATA wsaData;
        int err;

        // Use the MAKEWORD(lowbyte,highbyte) macro declared in windef.h
        wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(2, 2);

        err = WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData);

        if (err != 0)
        {
            std::cout << "WSAStartup failed with the error: " << err;
        }
    }

    //get addressSize 
    addressSize = sizeof(address);

    //set address struct data members
    address.sin_family = AF_INET;
    address.sin_port = htons(444);

    //if ip empty, prompt user;
    if (ip == NULL)
    {
        std::string ipInput;
        std::cout << "\n\tConnect to which IP: ";
        std::cin >> ipInput;
        address.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(ipInput.c_str());
    }
    else
    {
        address.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(ip);
    }

    sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

    std::cout << "\n\tYour username: ";
    std::cin >> uname;
}

cli::~cli()
{
}

void cli::start()
{
    try
    {
        //hold string
        char message[33];

        std::cout << "\n\tcli::start() called";
        int conRet;

        //connects to server socket & receives a message, stores in it message variable
        conRet = connect(sock, (sockaddr*)&address, (int)addressSize);
        recv(sock, message, sizeof(message), 0);

        std::cout << "\n\tSERVER: " << message;

        //starts threads, pass this for object scope.
        std::thread sendThread(&cli::cSend, this);
        std::thread recvThread(&cli::cRecv, this);

        //this function (start) will return/end when send and recv threads end.
        sendThread.join();
        recvThread.join();
    }
    catch (std::exception e)
    {
        std::cerr << e.what() << std::endl;
    }
}

void cli::cSend()
{
    std::cout << "\n\tcli::send thread started";
    //char arr for sending str;
    std::string getLine;
    while (true)
    {
        std::cout << "\n\t" << uname << ":" << std::flush;
        //set to "" because i suspected the value remains in the string after a loop.
        std::string message = "";

        //get input, put it in message
        std::getline(std::cin, message);

        //get full message
        std::string fullMessage = uname + ":" + message;

        //get constant int, size of fullMessage
        const int charArrSize = fullMessage.length();

        std::cout << "\t\tINFO: Sending character array of length: " << charArrSize << " size: " << sizeof(fullMessage.c_str()) << " : " << fullMessage.c_str() << std::endl;

        //sends it
        send(sock, fullMessage.c_str(), charArrSize, 0);
    }
}

void cli::cRecv()
{
    std::cout << "\n\tcli::recv  thread started";

    //initialize arr to 0, will hopefully help avoid the weird chars in the cout
    char recvMessage[256]{ '[=13=]' };

    while (true)
    {
        recv(sock, recvMessage, sizeof(recvMessage), 0);

        std::cout << "\t\tINFO:Received message of length: " << std::strlen(recvMessage) << " size: " << sizeof(recvMessage) << " : " << recvMessage << std::endl;

        std::cout << recvMessage << std::endl;
    }
}

what is your solution for recv'ing messages which you do not know the length of?

recv() 告诉您它收到的消息的长度。你不必想知道它是什么。那是 recv() 的 return 值。

 int s = recv(socket, recvMessage, sizeof(recvMessage),0);

看——好了。它就在你面前。是 s。当然,如果有错误 s 将是负数,您需要检查一下。但是,忽略这个小细节,您的担心就结束了:s 是您刚刚收到的消息的长度。

 char recvOutput[strlen(recvMessage)] = recvMessage;

那是行不通的。 strlen() 在这里做什么? strlen() 计算字符串的大小,期望字符串是 old-fashioned、C-style 字符串,并以 [=20=] 字节结尾。 recv() 不会终止它接收到的带有 [=20=] 字节的任何内容。相反,它 return 是实际字符数。

此外,这无论如何都行不通。你不能用这种方式初始化数组。

显然,您在这里的明显意图是期望接收文本字符串作为消息。好吧,由于您选择的语言是 C++,并且您这样标记了您的问题,因此合乎逻辑的结论是您应该使用 C++ 提供的内容来处理文本字符串:std::string class:

std::string recvOutput{recvMessage, recvMessage+s};

给你。任务完成。由于您已经知道 s 中收到的消息的长度,正如我们之前确定的那样(以及 double-checking 之后 s 不是负数),您可以简单地使用 std::string 的现有构造函数,它在给定迭代器或指向字符串开头和结尾的指针的情况下初始化新字符串。

在处理 low-level 操作系统接口(如套接字)时,您别无选择,只能使用原始数据类型,如普通 char 数组和缓冲区,因为这是操作唯一需要的东西系统明白了。但是,由于 C++ 库提供了丰富的模板和 classes,您的代码应该在第一时间切换到使用 C++ classes 和模板,以便能够使用所有这些资源。因此,一旦您确定了刚刚提出的文本字符串 recv() 有多大,只需将其填充到 std::string 中,然后再弄清楚如何处理它。