Robolectric 无法运行测试启用的 multidex

Question

我正在编写单元测试以覆盖 API 测试。我使用 robolectric 和 gradle，还必须添加 multidex 以支持大型 apk 构建。没想到我无法运行测试，也无法理解stacktrace

java.lang.NullPointerException: parentLoader == null && !nullAllowed
at java.lang.ClassLoader.<init>(ClassLoader.java:210)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.<init>(ClassLoader.java:202)
at java.security.SecureClassLoader.<init>(SecureClassLoader.java:48)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.<init>(URLClassLoader.java:710)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.<init>(URLClassLoader.java:555)
at org.codehaus.classworlds.RealmClassLoader.<init>(RealmClassLoader.java:94)
at org.codehaus.classworlds.RealmClassLoader.<init>(RealmClassLoader.java:83)
at org.codehaus.classworlds.DefaultClassRealm.<init>(DefaultClassRealm.java:116)
at org.codehaus.classworlds.ClassWorld.newRealm(ClassWorld.java:100)
at org.apache.maven.artifact.ant.AbstractArtifactTask.getContainer(AbstractArtifactTask.java:490)
at org.apache.maven.artifact.ant.AbstractArtifactTask.lookup(AbstractArtifactTask.java:457)
at org.apache.maven.artifact.ant.AbstractArtifactTask.initSettings(AbstractArtifactTask.java:290)
at org.apache.maven.artifact.ant.AbstractArtifactTask.execute(AbstractArtifactTask.java:750)
at org.robolectric.internal.dependency.MavenDependencyResolver.getLocalArtifactUrls(MavenDependencyResolver.java:40)
at org.robolectric.internal.dependency.CachedDependencyResolver.getLocalArtifactUrls(CachedDependencyResolver.java:43)
at org.robolectric.internal.InstrumentingClassLoaderFactory.getSdkEnvironment(InstrumentingClassLoaderFactory.java:39)
at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner.runChild(RobolectricTestRunner.java:187)
at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner.runChild(RobolectricTestRunner.java:54)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access[=12=]0(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner.evaluate(RobolectricTestRunner.java:152)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.junit.runners.Suite.runChild(Suite.java:128)
at org.junit.runners.Suite.runChild(Suite.java:27)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access[=12=]0(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:115)
at android.support.test.internal.runner.TestExecutor.execute(TestExecutor.java:59)
at android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner.onStart(AndroidJUnitRunner.java:262)
at android.app.Instrumentation$InstrumentationThread.run(Instrumentation.java:1837)



@RunWith(RobolectricGradleTestRunner.class)
@Config(application = TestApplication.class,
    constants = BuildConfig.class,
    sdk = 21)
public class ApiTest {

private MockWebServer webServer;
private IApi api;

private TestUtils testUtils;

@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
    Log.d(App.TAG, "Test setUp");
    testUtils = new TestUtils();
    webServer = new MockWebServer();
    webServer.start();
    webServer.setDispatcher(new Dispatcher() {
        @Override
        public MockResponse dispatch(RecordedRequest request) throws InterruptedException {
            MockResponse response;
            if (request.getPath().equals("savingsgoals")) {
                response = new MockResponse().setResponseCode(200)
                        .setBody(testUtils.readString("json/goals.json"));
            } else if (request.getPath().equals("savingsgoals/" + TestApp.Const.GOAL_ID + "/feed")) {
                response = new MockResponse().setResponseCode(200)
                        .setBody(testUtils.readString("json/feed.json"));
            } else if (request.getPath().equals("savingsrules")) {
                response = new MockResponse().setResponseCode(200)
                        .setBody(testUtils.readString("json/rules.json"));
            } else if (request.getPath().equals("user/" + TestApp.Const.USER_ID)) {
                response = new MockResponse().setResponseCode(200)
                        .setBody(testUtils.readString("json/user.json"));
            } else {
                response = new MockResponse().setResponseCode(404);
            }
            return response;
        }
    });
    HttpUrl url = webServer.url("/");
    api = ApiModule.getApiInterface(url.toString());
}

@Test
public void testGoals() throws Exception {
    TestSubscriber<SavingsGoals> testSubscriber = new TestSubscriber();
    api.getSavingsGoals().subscribe(testSubscriber);

    testSubscriber.assertNoErrors();
    testSubscriber.assertValueCount(1);

    SavingsGoals goals = testSubscriber.getOnNextEvents().get(0);
    goals.getSavingsGoals();
}

}

您知道根本原因是什么吗？

这是我的gradle构建

androidTestCompile 'org.robolectric:robolectric:3.3.2'
androidTestCompile('com.squareup.okhttp:mockwebserver:2.7.0', {
    exclude group: 'com.squareup.okio', module: 'okio'
})
androidTestCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'

更新

控制台输出：

Error:Execution failed for task ':app:transformClassesWithDexForDebugAndroidTest'. > com.android.build.api.transform.TransformException: java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to pre-dex 'D:\Users\John\.gradle\caches\modules-2\files-2.1\com.thoughtworks.xstream\xstream.4.80d90f30f36a0d6ba2dc929d980831631ad6a92\xstream-1.4.8.jar' to 'C:\workspace\TestRobolectricTest\app\build\intermediates\pre-dexed\androidTest\debug\xstream-1.4.8_54d21a03bcf95b493d9c102453945dde45691be3.jar'

allprojects {
    tasks.withType(JavaCompile) {
        sourceCompatibility = "1.8"
        targetCompatibility = "1.8"
    }
}

Answer 1

请确保将 Robolectric 与 test（ 而不是 androidTest）文件夹一起使用，并且依赖项也应同样设置为 testCompile:

 testCompile 'org.robolectric:robolectric:3.3.2' //don't use androidTestCompile here!!!

如果您在使用 Robolectric 时遇到问题，可以尝试的一些步骤包括：

删除.m2文件夹导致maven的依赖再次下载
尝试刷新 gradle 依赖项 gradlew --refresh-dependencies 并清理并重建项目
确保您拥有最新的 jdk 并删除机器上的旧 jdk
确保您的测试配置为运行具有正确的项目目录

尝试调整您的 Robolectric 测试参数：

@RunWith(RobolectricGradleTestRunner.class)
@Config(application = TestApplication.class,
constants = BuildConfig.class,
sdk = 21)

您可以尝试使用 RobolectricTestRunner.class 而不是 RobolectricGradleTestRunner.class 并省略 @Config 注释。如果这不起作用，您可以创建一个 class:

public class EmptyApplication extends Application {
}

并使用它：

@Config(application = EmptyApplication.class)

Update：注意 Robolectric 测试（在 test 文件夹中）和 Instrumented Android 测试（在androidTest 文件夹）。 Robolectric 测试是 IDE（在您计算机的 JVM 上）中的测试运行，模拟可用的 Android classes（例如，Context）在真实设备上。 Instrumented Android 在 Android 手机或模拟器上测试运行并使用 Android 中的 real Context 等] 开发工具包。以下是来自空项目的 Instrumented 测试示例：

package example.github.com.robolectricbug;

import android.content.Context;
import android.support.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
import android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

/**
 * Instrumentation test, which will execute on an Android device.
 *
 * @see <a href="http://d.android.com/tools/testing">Testing documentation</a>
 */
@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
public class ExampleInstrumentedTest {
    @Test
    public void useAppContext() throws Exception {
        // Context of the app under test.
        Context appContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getTargetContext();

        assertEquals("example.github.com.robolectricbug", appContext.getPackageName());
    }
}

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