等待而不冻结一切

Question

我正在尝试撰写胜利声明。我想在满足胜利要求时快速屏蔽蓝色和黄色闪光灯，但不要太快，现在是左键单击。问题是如果不根据计算机运行程序更改游戏，我找不到实现此目的的方法。我试着让它重新运行颜色几次，这样颜色在改变之前会持续更长时间，但在更快或更慢的系统上，这种效果很可能会有所不同。

if V == 2:
    if Blue == 1:
        D.fill(BLUE)
        Blue = 2
    elif Blue == 2:
        D.fill(BLUE)
        Blue = 3
    elif Blue == 3:
        D.fill(BLUE)
        Blue = 4
    elif Blue == 4:
        D.fill(BLUE)
        Blue = 5
    elif Blue == 5:
        D.fill(YELLOW)
        Blue = 6
    elif Blue == 6:
        D.fill(YELLOW)
        Blue = 7
    elif Blue == 7:
        D.fill(YELLOW)
        Blue = 8
    elif Blue == 8:
        D.fill(YELLOW)
        Blue = 1

这只是在更改之前重新运行颜色四次，这并不理想。我曾尝试使用等待功能，但这会在这段时间内冻结整个程序，这使得所有其他事情显然都没有反应。有没有一种方法可以让它在没有这种重申想法的情况下闪现，也不会在多长时间内冻结整个程序？谢谢

在使用你们给出的其中一个答案后，我已经设法让它工作了。问题是现在，每当我使用任何形式的输入（例如箭头键）时，闪烁都会停止。理想情况下，闪烁不会停止，直到 V = 0，即游戏重置时。

if V == 2:
    if event.type == event_500ms:
        if Blue == 1:
            D.fill(BLUE)
            Blue = 2
        elif Blue == 2:
            D.fill(YELLOW)
            Blue = 1

这是之前显示的代码的新版本。以防万一，这是整个循环。

    if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
        pygame.quit()
        sys.exit()

    elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
        if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
            x_speed =- 3
            x2_speed = 3
            y3_speed =- 3
            y4_speed = 3
        elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
            x_speed = 3
            x2_speed =- 3
            y3_speed = 3
            y4_speed =- 3
        elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
            y_speed =- 3
            y2_speed = 3
            x3_speed =- 3
            x4_speed = 3
        elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
            y_speed = 3
            y2_speed =- 3
            x3_speed = 3
            x4_speed =- 3
        elif event.key == pygame.K_TAB:
            GMT += 1
            CIP = 2
            if GMT % 2:
                GM = 2
            else:
                GM = 1

    if event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
        if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
            x_speed=0
            x2_speed=0
            y3_speed=0
            y4_speed=0
        elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
            x_speed=0
            x2_speed=0
            y3_speed=0
            y4_speed=0
        elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
            y_speed=0
            y2_speed=0
            x3_speed=0
            x4_speed=0
        elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
            y_speed=0
            y2_speed=0
            x3_speed=0
            x4_speed=0

    elif event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
        x_coord = 300
        y_coord = 300
        x2_coord = 300
        y2_coord = 300
        x3_coord = 300
        y3_coord = 300
        x4_coord = 300
        y4_coord = 300
        X5_coord = 30
        Y5_coord = 10
        direction = 'right'
        D.fill(BLACK)
        G = random.randrange(1, 10)
        CO = 2
        V = 2

    elif event.type == MOUSEBUTTONUP:
        X5_coord = 30
        Y5_coord = 10
        direction = 'right'

    if direction == 'right':
        X5_coord += 10
        if X5_coord == 670:
            direction = 'down'
    elif direction == 'down':
        Y5_coord += 10
        if Y5_coord == 460:
            direction = 'left'
    elif direction == 'left':
        X5_coord -= 10
        if X5_coord == 10:
            direction = 'up'
    elif direction == 'up':
        Y5_coord -= 10
        if Y5_coord == 10:
            direction = 'right'





x_coord = x_coord + x_speed
y_coord = y_coord + y_speed

x2_coord = x2_coord + x2_speed
y2_coord = y2_coord + y2_speed

x3_coord = x3_coord + x3_speed
y3_coord = y3_coord + y3_speed

x4_coord = x4_coord + x4_speed
y4_coord = y4_coord + y4_speed

if GM == 2 and CIP == 2:
    D.fill(BLACK)
    CIP = 1

if GM == 1:
    D.fill(MEXON)

if G >= 6:
    B(L6, (80, 150))

if G == 1 and CO == 2:
    x_coord = 366
    y_coord = 201

    x2_coord = 234
    y2_coord = 399

    x3_coord = 201
    y3_coord = 366

    x4_coord = 399
    y4_coord = 234

    CO = 1

elif G == 2 and CO == 2:
    x_coord = 240
    y_coord = 312

    x2_coord = 360
    y2_coord = 288

    x3_coord = 312
    y3_coord = 240

    x4_coord = 288
    y4_coord = 360

    CO = 1

elif G == 3 and CO == 2:
    x_coord = 405
    y_coord = 228

    x2_coord = 195
    y2_coord = 372

    x3_coord = 228
    y3_coord = 405

    x4_coord = 372
    y4_coord = 195

    CO = 1

elif G == 4 and CO == 2:
    x_coord = 179
    y_coord = 309

    x2_coord = 421
    y2_coord = 291

    x3_coord = 309
    y3_coord = 179

    x4_coord = 291
    y4_coord = 421

    CO = 1

elif G == 5 and CO == 2:
    x_coord = 315
    y_coord = 450

    x2_coord = 285
    y2_coord = 150

    x3_coord = 450
    y3_coord = 315

    x4_coord = 150
    y4_coord = 285

    CO = 1

elif G == 6 and CO == 2:
    x_coord = 180
    y_coord = 390

    x2_coord = 420
    y2_coord = 210

    x3_coord = 390
    y3_coord = 180

    x4_coord = 210
    y4_coord = 420

    CO = 1

elif G == 7 and CO == 2:
    x_coord = 267
    y_coord = 204

    x2_coord = 333
    y2_coord = 396

    x3_coord = 204
    y3_coord = 267

    x4_coord = 396
    y4_coord = 333

    CO = 1

elif G == 8 and CO == 2:
    x_coord = 363
    y_coord = 390

    x2_coord = 237
    y2_coord = 210

    x3_coord = 390
    y3_coord = 363

    x4_coord = 210
    y4_coord = 237

    CO = 1

elif G == 9 and CO == 2:
    x_coord = 234
    y_coord = 273

    x2_coord = 366
    y2_coord = 327

    x3_coord = 273
    y3_coord = 234

    x4_coord = 327
    y4_coord = 366

    CO = 1

elif G == 10 and CO == 2:
    x_coord = 102
    y_coord = 267

    x2_coord = 498
    y2_coord = 333

    x3_coord = 267
    y3_coord = 102

    x4_coord = 333
    y4_coord = 498

    CO = 1

if V == 2:
    if event.type == event_500ms:
        if Blue == 1:
            D.fill(BLUE)
            Blue = 2
        elif Blue == 2:
            D.fill(YELLOW)
            Blue = 1



B(L1, (47, 45))
B(L2, (47, 60))
B(L2C, (65, 75))
B(L3, (47, 90))
B(L4, (47, 105))
B(L5, (47, 120))

L(D, PINDLER, (40, 5), (695, 5), 10)
L(D, PINDLER, (3, 42), (3, 495), 10)
L(D, PINDLER, (3, 495), (695, 495), 10)
L(D, PINDLER, (695, 495), (695, 5), 10)

L(D, PINDLER, (3, 41), (658, 42), 10)
L(D, PINDLER, (40, 5), (40, 458), 10)
L(D, PINDLER, (40, 458), (658, 458), 10)
L(D, PINDLER, (658, 458), (658, 42), 10)

FINISH(D, Fx, Fy)

MOLINE1(D, x_coord, y_coord)

MOLINE2(D, x2_coord, y2_coord)

MOLINE3(D, x3_coord, y3_coord)

MOLINE4(D, x4_coord, y4_coord)

MOLINE5(D, X5_coord, Y5_coord)


pygame.draw.line(D, PINDLER, (303, 302), (307, 306), 1)
pygame.draw.line(D, PINDLER, (307, 302), (303, 306), 1)






pygame.display.flip()

clock.tick(60)

我会显示所有代码，但它不喜欢正确缩进以使站点将其识别为代码。有一次，我在所有 500 行中手动放置了四个空格。一点都不好玩。

应要求提供更多信息，我冒昧地提供了所有代码。希望这可以帮助。谢谢

import pygame, sys, random
from pygame.locals import *

pygame.init()

BLACK =          (  0,   0,   0)
ABINO =          ( 34,  45, 102)
PINDLER =        (255, 123,  90)
MEXON =          (200, 190, 220)
WHITE =          (255, 255, 255)
YELLOW =         (255, 255,   0)
RED =            (255,   0,   0)
BLUE =           (  0,   0, 255)

size = [700, 500]
D = pygame.display.set_mode(size)
L = pygame.draw.aaline
R = pygame.draw.rect
G = random.randrange(1, 10)
GM = 1
GMT = 2
CIP = 1
CO = 2
V = 0
Blue = 1
event_500ms = pygame.USEREVENT + 1
pygame.time.set_timer(event_500ms, 500)

pygame.display.set_caption("Moline")
myfont = pygame.font.SysFont("monospace", 15)
T = myfont.render
M1S = "RULES:"
M2S = "1. To start, press each arrow key in a random sequence"
M2F = " for roughly one second."
M3S = "2. To win, re-merge the four men on the crossmark."
M4S = "3. Complete before the running man completes a lap."
M5S = "4. Mouse movement is illegal and causes a severe time penalty."
L1 = T(M1S, 1, (255, 255, 0))
L2 = T(M2S, 1, (255, 255, 0))
L2C = T(M2F, 1, (255, 255, 0))
L3 = T(M3S, 1, (255, 255, 0))
L4 = T(M4S, 1, (255, 255, 0))
L5 = T(M5S, 1, (255, 255, 0))
B = D.blit
Fx = 10
Fy = 10
L6 = T("cheeeeeeeeese", 1, (255, 255, 0))

def MOLINE1(D, x, y):
    pygame.draw.ellipse(D, BLACK, [1 + x, y, 10, 10], 0)

    pygame.draw.line(D, BLACK, [5 + x, 17 + y], [10 + x, 27 + y], 2)
    pygame.draw.line(D, BLACK, [5 + x, 17 + y], [x, 27 + y], 2)

    pygame.draw.line(D, PINDLER, [5 + x, 17 + y], [5 + x, 7 + y], 2)

    pygame.draw.line(D, PINDLER, [5 + x, 7 + y], [9 + x, 17 + y], 2)
    pygame.draw.line(D, PINDLER, [5 + x, 7 + y], [1 + x, 17 + y], 2)

def MOLINE2(D, x, y):
    pygame.draw.ellipse(D, BLACK, [1 + x, y, 10, 10], 0)

    pygame.draw.line(D, BLACK, [5 + x, 17 + y], [10 + x, 27 + y], 2)
    pygame.draw.line(D, BLACK, [5 + x, 17 + y], [x, 27 + y], 2)

    pygame.draw.line(D, PINDLER, [5 + x, 17 + y], [5 + x, 7 + y], 2)

    pygame.draw.line(D, PINDLER, [5 + x, 7 + y], [9 + x, 17 + y], 2)
    pygame.draw.line(D, PINDLER, [5 + x, 7 + y], [1 + x, 17 + y], 2)

def MOLINE3(D, x, y):
    pygame.draw.ellipse(D, BLACK, [1 + x, y, 10, 10], 0)

    pygame.draw.line(D, BLACK, [5 + x, 17 + y], [10 + x, 27 + y], 2)
    pygame.draw.line(D, BLACK, [5 + x, 17 + y], [x, 27 + y], 2)

    pygame.draw.line(D, PINDLER, [5 + x, 17 + y], [5 + x, 7 + y], 2)

    pygame.draw.line(D, PINDLER, [5 + x, 7 + y], [9 + x, 17 + y], 2)
    pygame.draw.line(D, PINDLER, [5 + x, 7 + y], [1 + x, 17 + y], 2)

def MOLINE4(D, x, y):
    pygame.draw.ellipse(D, BLACK, [1 + x, y, 10, 10], 0)

    pygame.draw.line(D, BLACK, [5 + x, 17 + y], [10 + x, 27 + y], 2)
    pygame.draw.line(D, BLACK, [5 + x, 17 + y], [x, 27 + y], 2)

    pygame.draw.line(D, PINDLER, [5 + x, 17 + y], [5 + x, 7 + y], 2)

    pygame.draw.line(D, PINDLER, [5 + x, 7 + y], [9 + x, 17 + y], 2)
    pygame.draw.line(D, PINDLER, [5 + x, 7 + y], [1 + x, 17 + y], 2)

def MOLINE5(D, x, y):
    pygame.draw.ellipse(D, BLACK, [1 + x, y, 10, 10], 0)

    pygame.draw.line(D, BLACK, [5 + x, 17 + y], [10 + x, 27 + y], 2)
    pygame.draw.line(D, BLACK, [5 + x, 17 + y], [x, 27 + y], 2)

    pygame.draw.line(D, PINDLER, [5 + x, 17 + y], [5 + x, 7 + y], 2)

    pygame.draw.line(D, PINDLER, [5 + x, 7 + y], [9 + x, 17 + y], 2)
    pygame.draw.line(D, PINDLER, [5 + x, 7 + y], [1 + x, 17 + y], 2)

def FINISH(D, x, y):
    R(D, BLACK, ( 4, 42, 6, 6))
    R(D, WHITE, (10, 42, 6, 6))
    R(D, BLACK, (16, 42, 6, 6))
    R(D, WHITE, (22, 42, 6, 6))
    R(D, BLACK, (28, 42, 6, 6))
    R(D, WHITE, (34, 42, 6, 6))

    R(D, WHITE, ( 4, 48, 6, 6))
    R(D, BLACK, (10, 48, 6, 6))
    R(D, WHITE, (16, 48, 6, 6))
    R(D, BLACK, (22, 48, 6, 6))
    R(D, WHITE, (28, 48, 6, 6))
    R(D, BLACK, (34, 48, 6, 6))

    R(D, BLACK, ( 4, 54, 6, 6))
    R(D, WHITE, (10, 54, 6, 6))
    R(D, BLACK, (16, 54, 6, 6))
    R(D, WHITE, (22, 54, 6, 6))
    R(D, BLACK, (28, 54, 6, 6))
    R(D, WHITE, (34, 54, 6, 6))

x_speed = 0
y_speed = 0

x2_speed = 0
y2_speed = 0

x3_speed = 0
y3_speed = 0

x4_speed = 0
y4_speed = 0

x_coord = 300
y_coord = 300

x2_coord = 300
y2_coord = 300

x3_coord = 300
y3_coord = 300

x4_coord = 300
y4_coord = 300

X5_coord = 30
Y5_coord = 10

direction = 'right'

clock = pygame.time.Clock()

while True:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()

        elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                x_speed =- 3
                x2_speed = 3
                y3_speed =- 3
                y4_speed = 3
            elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                x_speed = 3
                x2_speed =- 3
                y3_speed = 3
                y4_speed =- 3
            elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                y_speed =- 3
                y2_speed = 3
                x3_speed =- 3
                x4_speed = 3
            elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                y_speed = 3
                y2_speed =- 3
                x3_speed = 3
                x4_speed =- 3
            elif event.key == pygame.K_TAB:
                GMT += 1
                CIP = 2
                if GMT % 2:
                    GM = 2
                else:
                    GM = 1

        if event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
            if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                x_speed=0
                x2_speed=0
                y3_speed=0
                y4_speed=0
            elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                x_speed=0
                x2_speed=0
                y3_speed=0
                y4_speed=0
            elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                y_speed=0
                y2_speed=0
                x3_speed=0
                x4_speed=0
            elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                y_speed=0
                y2_speed=0
                x3_speed=0
                x4_speed=0

        elif event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
            x_coord = 300
            y_coord = 300
            x2_coord = 300
            y2_coord = 300
            x3_coord = 300
            y3_coord = 300
            x4_coord = 300
            y4_coord = 300
            X5_coord = 30
            Y5_coord = 10
            direction = 'right'
            D.fill(BLACK)
            G = random.randrange(1, 10)
            CO = 2
            V = 2

        elif event.type == MOUSEBUTTONUP:
            X5_coord = 30
            Y5_coord = 10
            direction = 'right'

        if direction == 'right':
            X5_coord += 10
            if X5_coord == 670:
                direction = 'down'
        elif direction == 'down':
            Y5_coord += 10
            if Y5_coord == 460:
                direction = 'left'
        elif direction == 'left':
            X5_coord -= 10
            if X5_coord == 10:
                direction = 'up'
        elif direction == 'up':
            Y5_coord -= 10
            if Y5_coord == 10:
                direction = 'right'





    x_coord = x_coord + x_speed
    y_coord = y_coord + y_speed

    x2_coord = x2_coord + x2_speed
    y2_coord = y2_coord + y2_speed

    x3_coord = x3_coord + x3_speed
    y3_coord = y3_coord + y3_speed

    x4_coord = x4_coord + x4_speed
    y4_coord = y4_coord + y4_speed

    if GM == 2 and CIP == 2:
        D.fill(BLACK)
        CIP = 1

    if GM == 1:
        D.fill(MEXON)

    if G >= 6:
        B(L6, (80, 150))

    if G == 1 and CO == 2:
        x_coord = 366
        y_coord = 201

        x2_coord = 234
        y2_coord = 399

        x3_coord = 201
        y3_coord = 366

        x4_coord = 399
        y4_coord = 234

        CO = 1

    elif G == 2 and CO == 2:
        x_coord = 240
        y_coord = 312

        x2_coord = 360
        y2_coord = 288

        x3_coord = 312
        y3_coord = 240

        x4_coord = 288
        y4_coord = 360

        CO = 1

    elif G == 3 and CO == 2:
        x_coord = 405
        y_coord = 228

        x2_coord = 195
        y2_coord = 372

        x3_coord = 228
        y3_coord = 405

        x4_coord = 372
        y4_coord = 195

        CO = 1

    elif G == 4 and CO == 2:
        x_coord = 179
        y_coord = 309

        x2_coord = 421
        y2_coord = 291

        x3_coord = 309
        y3_coord = 179

        x4_coord = 291
        y4_coord = 421

        CO = 1

    elif G == 5 and CO == 2:
        x_coord = 315
        y_coord = 450

        x2_coord = 285
        y2_coord = 150

        x3_coord = 450
        y3_coord = 315

        x4_coord = 150
        y4_coord = 285

        CO = 1

    elif G == 6 and CO == 2:
        x_coord = 180
        y_coord = 390

        x2_coord = 420
        y2_coord = 210

        x3_coord = 390
        y3_coord = 180

        x4_coord = 210
        y4_coord = 420

        CO = 1

    elif G == 7 and CO == 2:
        x_coord = 267
        y_coord = 204

        x2_coord = 333
        y2_coord = 396

        x3_coord = 204
        y3_coord = 267

        x4_coord = 396
        y4_coord = 333

        CO = 1

    elif G == 8 and CO == 2:
        x_coord = 363
        y_coord = 390

        x2_coord = 237
        y2_coord = 210

        x3_coord = 390
        y3_coord = 363

        x4_coord = 210
        y4_coord = 237

        CO = 1

    elif G == 9 and CO == 2:
        x_coord = 234
        y_coord = 273

        x2_coord = 366
        y2_coord = 327

        x3_coord = 273
        y3_coord = 234

        x4_coord = 327
        y4_coord = 366

        CO = 1

    elif G == 10 and CO == 2:
        x_coord = 102
        y_coord = 267

        x2_coord = 498
        y2_coord = 333

        x3_coord = 267
        y3_coord = 102

        x4_coord = 333
        y4_coord = 498

        CO = 1

    if V == 2:
        if event.type == event_500ms:
            if Blue == 1:
                D.fill(BLUE)
                Blue = 2
            elif Blue == 2:
                D.fill(YELLOW)
                Blue = 1



    B(L1, (47, 45))
    B(L2, (47, 60))
    B(L2C, (65, 75))
    B(L3, (47, 90))
    B(L4, (47, 105))
    B(L5, (47, 120))

    L(D, PINDLER, (40, 5), (695, 5), 10)
    L(D, PINDLER, (3, 42), (3, 495), 10)
    L(D, PINDLER, (3, 495), (695, 495), 10)
    L(D, PINDLER, (695, 495), (695, 5), 10)

    L(D, PINDLER, (3, 41), (658, 42), 10)
    L(D, PINDLER, (40, 5), (40, 458), 10)
    L(D, PINDLER, (40, 458), (658, 458), 10)
    L(D, PINDLER, (658, 458), (658, 42), 10)

    FINISH(D, Fx, Fy)

    MOLINE1(D, x_coord, y_coord)

    MOLINE2(D, x2_coord, y2_coord)

    MOLINE3(D, x3_coord, y3_coord)

    MOLINE4(D, x4_coord, y4_coord)

    MOLINE5(D, X5_coord, Y5_coord)


    pygame.draw.line(D, PINDLER, (303, 302), (307, 306), 1)
    pygame.draw.line(D, PINDLER, (307, 302), (303, 306), 1)






    pygame.display.flip()

    clock.tick(60)

pygame.quit()

请注意，这不是成品，因此在某些方面可能看起来很尴尬，因为这个程序已经发展了很多。因此可能有一些未使用的全局变量或一些不准确的文本。

Answer 1

也许你可以试试：

import time
time.sleep(5)

Answer 2

问题是，当您使用 PyGame time 模块。

为避免此问题，您可以创建您自己的事件，每隔给定的毫秒数，该事件就会出现在事件队列中。您可以使用 pygame.time.set_timer() 创建一个事件：

import pygame    
pygame.init()

#color tupels
BLUE = (55,155,255)
YELLOW = (255,255,0)


#create a new event id called event_500ms
event_500ms = pygame.USEREVENT + 1

#set timer event to appear on the event queue every 500 milliseconds
pygame.time.set_timer(event_500ms, 500)

screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800,800))

#global variable V for state-machine
V = 0

while True:
    #get events from the event queue
    for ev in pygame.event.get():
        if ev.type == pygame.KEYDOWN and ev.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
                pygame.quit()
                exit()
        #left (ev.button == 3) mousbutton down -> set variable V = 1
        if ev.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN and ev.button == 3:
            V = 1

        #check for the event_500ms event    
        if ev.type == event_500ms:
            if V == 1:
                screen.fill(BLUE)
                V = 2
            elif V == 2:
                screen.fill(YELLOW)
                V = 0

            pygame.display.flip() #update whole screen

在这段代码中，我们使用了一种所谓的 state-machine，具有 3 个不同的阶段：

设置V = 1，如果一个pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN事件accurse，（下一状态：2）
填充 screen 蓝色并递增 V，如果变量 V 等于 1。 （下一状态：3）
填充screen黄色，其余V到0，如果变量V等于2 . （下一状态：1）

希望对您有所帮助:)

Answer 3

您的问题有两种解决方案，代表您尝试过的两种方法：要么等待特定时间等待下一次报价，要么每次报价都做一些事情，但是您遇到的问题是报价取决于速度计算机是（以及其他因素，例如后台程序运行ning）。（我通过你的主循环引用每个运行，你可能会使用它。）

现在你说 "okay, I want to change the background every fourth tick"，问题是这可能是每毫秒，每秒或任何时候。所以我们不需要依赖于发生的滴答声的数量，而是依赖于时间的长短。我们可以使用 time.perf_counter() 来获取当前时间。这给了我们：

#Initialize old_time somewhere
new_time = time.perf_counter()
if new_time - old_time > 0.05:
    change_background()
    old_time = new_time

通常情况下，您不想对所有与时间相关的事情都这样做。相反，作为 while 循环中的第一件事，计算增量时间，通常称为 dt

while True:
    dt = time.perf_counter() - old_time
    old_time = time.perf_counter()
    change_background(dt)

然后像之前一样处理dt：

def change_background(dt):
    cumulative_time += dt
    if cumulative_time > 0.05:
        #do things
        cumulative_time = 0

另一种方法是使用某种 sleep。正如您已经看到的那样，这将冻结整个线程——但您可以创建多个线程（当然您不需要使用线程，您可以使用进程或 greenlets 或所有其他花哨的多处理东西）。整个事情有点复杂，所以我不会在这里详细介绍，但一般来说，使用不同的线程进行输入和处理是个好主意。相对较新asyncio module deals with exactly that kind of problem. There are also different solutions like greenlets or threads。一开始使用异步操作可能会让人感到困惑，第一个解决方案可以让你走得更远。

编辑：我的答案独立于 pygame，另一个答案中使用的事件会在后台为您完成此操作。理解这个增量时间的想法并使用它仍然是一个好主意，例如在物理计算中。通常依赖于滴答声（而不是时间）是一个坏主意，并且会给你带来意想不到的行为。据说最初的 space 入侵者确实依赖 ticks 进行物理和图形计算。因此，每当您射击足够多的敌人时，它就会加速。这是一个意想不到的结果（然后保留下来，因为它是增加难度的好机制）。仿真器也面临着同样的问题：旧游戏（依赖于滴答而不是时间）通常运行速度快得令人难以置信，因为现代计算机具有更强的处理能力。模拟器必须考虑到这一点 "slow processing down".

等待而不冻结一切

waiting without freezing everything

python

pygame