BeautifulSoup.find_all() 方法不适用于命名空间标签
BeautifulSoup.find_all() method not working with namespaced tags
我今天在使用 BeautifulSoup 时遇到了一个非常奇怪的行为。
让我们看一个非常简单的 html 片段:
<html><body><ix:nonfraction>lele</ix:nonfraction></body></html>
我正在尝试使用 BeautifulSoup 获取 <ix:nonfraction>
标签的内容。
使用 find
方法时一切正常:
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html = "<html><body><ix:nonfraction>lele</ix:nonfraction></body></html>"
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml') # The parser used here does not matter
soup.find('ix:nonfraction')
>>> <ix:nonfraction>lele</ix:nonfraction>
但是,当尝试使用 find_all
方法时,我希望得到一个包含此单个元素的列表 returned,但事实并非如此!
soup.find_all('ix:nonfraction')
>>> []
事实上,每当我正在搜索的标签中出现冒号时,find_all
似乎 return 一个空列表。
我已经能够在两台不同的计算机上重现该问题。
有没有人有解释,更重要的是,有解决方法吗?
我需要使用 find_all
方法只是因为我的实际情况需要我在整个 html 页面上获取所有这些标签。
将标签名称留空并使用 ix 作为属性。
soup.find_all({"ix:nonfraction"})
效果不错
编辑:'ix:nonfraction' 不是标签名称,因此 soup.find_all("ix:nonfraction") 为不存在的标签返回了一个空列表。
@yosemite_k 的解决方案之所以有效,是因为在 bs4 的源代码中,它跳过了导致此行为的特定条件。事实上,您可以做很多变化来产生相同的结果。示例:
soup.find_all({"ix:nonfraction"})
soup.find_all('ix:nonfraction', limit=1)
soup.find_all('ix:nonfraction', text=True)
下面是 beautifulsoup 源代码的一个片段,显示了调用 find
或 find_all
时发生的情况。你会看到 find
只是用 limit=1
调用了 find_all
。在 _find_all
中,它检查条件:
if text is None and not limit and not attrs and not kwargs:
如果它达到那个条件,那么它最终可能会达到这个条件:
# Optimization to find all tags with a given name.
if name.count(':') == 1:
如果到达那里,则重新分配 name
:
# This is a name with a prefix.
prefix, name = name.split(':', 1)
这就是你的行为不同之处。只要 find_all
不满足任何先决条件,您就会找到该元素。
beautifulsoup4==4.6.0
def find(self, name=None, attrs={}, recursive=True, text=None,
**kwargs):
"""Return only the first child of this Tag matching the given
criteria."""
r = None
l = self.find_all(name, attrs, recursive, text, 1, **kwargs)
if l:
r = l[0]
return r
findChild = find
def find_all(self, name=None, attrs={}, recursive=True, text=None,
limit=None, **kwargs):
"""Extracts a list of Tag objects that match the given
criteria. You can specify the name of the Tag and any
attributes you want the Tag to have.
The value of a key-value pair in the 'attrs' map can be a
string, a list of strings, a regular expression object, or a
callable that takes a string and returns whether or not the
string matches for some custom definition of 'matches'. The
same is true of the tag name."""
generator = self.descendants
if not recursive:
generator = self.children
return self._find_all(name, attrs, text, limit, generator, **kwargs)
def _find_all(self, name, attrs, text, limit, generator, **kwargs):
"Iterates over a generator looking for things that match."
if text is None and 'string' in kwargs:
text = kwargs['string']
del kwargs['string']
if isinstance(name, SoupStrainer):
strainer = name
else:
strainer = SoupStrainer(name, attrs, text, **kwargs)
if text is None and not limit and not attrs and not kwargs:
if name is True or name is None:
# Optimization to find all tags.
result = (element for element in generator
if isinstance(element, Tag))
return ResultSet(strainer, result)
elif isinstance(name, str):
# Optimization to find all tags with a given name.
if name.count(':') == 1:
# This is a name with a prefix.
prefix, name = name.split(':', 1)
else:
prefix = None
result = (element for element in generator
if isinstance(element, Tag)
and element.name == name
and (prefix is None or element.prefix == prefix)
)
return ResultSet(strainer, result)
results = ResultSet(strainer)
while True:
try:
i = next(generator)
except StopIteration:
break
if i:
found = strainer.search(i)
if found:
results.append(found)
if limit and len(results) >= limit:
break
return results
我今天在使用 BeautifulSoup 时遇到了一个非常奇怪的行为。
让我们看一个非常简单的 html 片段:
<html><body><ix:nonfraction>lele</ix:nonfraction></body></html>
我正在尝试使用 BeautifulSoup 获取 <ix:nonfraction>
标签的内容。
使用 find
方法时一切正常:
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html = "<html><body><ix:nonfraction>lele</ix:nonfraction></body></html>"
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml') # The parser used here does not matter
soup.find('ix:nonfraction')
>>> <ix:nonfraction>lele</ix:nonfraction>
但是,当尝试使用 find_all
方法时,我希望得到一个包含此单个元素的列表 returned,但事实并非如此!
soup.find_all('ix:nonfraction')
>>> []
事实上,每当我正在搜索的标签中出现冒号时,find_all
似乎 return 一个空列表。
我已经能够在两台不同的计算机上重现该问题。
有没有人有解释,更重要的是,有解决方法吗?
我需要使用 find_all
方法只是因为我的实际情况需要我在整个 html 页面上获取所有这些标签。
将标签名称留空并使用 ix 作为属性。
soup.find_all({"ix:nonfraction"})
效果不错
编辑:'ix:nonfraction' 不是标签名称,因此 soup.find_all("ix:nonfraction") 为不存在的标签返回了一个空列表。
@yosemite_k 的解决方案之所以有效,是因为在 bs4 的源代码中,它跳过了导致此行为的特定条件。事实上,您可以做很多变化来产生相同的结果。示例:
soup.find_all({"ix:nonfraction"})
soup.find_all('ix:nonfraction', limit=1)
soup.find_all('ix:nonfraction', text=True)
下面是 beautifulsoup 源代码的一个片段,显示了调用 find
或 find_all
时发生的情况。你会看到 find
只是用 limit=1
调用了 find_all
。在 _find_all
中,它检查条件:
if text is None and not limit and not attrs and not kwargs:
如果它达到那个条件,那么它最终可能会达到这个条件:
# Optimization to find all tags with a given name.
if name.count(':') == 1:
如果到达那里,则重新分配 name
:
# This is a name with a prefix.
prefix, name = name.split(':', 1)
这就是你的行为不同之处。只要 find_all
不满足任何先决条件,您就会找到该元素。
beautifulsoup4==4.6.0
def find(self, name=None, attrs={}, recursive=True, text=None,
**kwargs):
"""Return only the first child of this Tag matching the given
criteria."""
r = None
l = self.find_all(name, attrs, recursive, text, 1, **kwargs)
if l:
r = l[0]
return r
findChild = find
def find_all(self, name=None, attrs={}, recursive=True, text=None,
limit=None, **kwargs):
"""Extracts a list of Tag objects that match the given
criteria. You can specify the name of the Tag and any
attributes you want the Tag to have.
The value of a key-value pair in the 'attrs' map can be a
string, a list of strings, a regular expression object, or a
callable that takes a string and returns whether or not the
string matches for some custom definition of 'matches'. The
same is true of the tag name."""
generator = self.descendants
if not recursive:
generator = self.children
return self._find_all(name, attrs, text, limit, generator, **kwargs)
def _find_all(self, name, attrs, text, limit, generator, **kwargs):
"Iterates over a generator looking for things that match."
if text is None and 'string' in kwargs:
text = kwargs['string']
del kwargs['string']
if isinstance(name, SoupStrainer):
strainer = name
else:
strainer = SoupStrainer(name, attrs, text, **kwargs)
if text is None and not limit and not attrs and not kwargs:
if name is True or name is None:
# Optimization to find all tags.
result = (element for element in generator
if isinstance(element, Tag))
return ResultSet(strainer, result)
elif isinstance(name, str):
# Optimization to find all tags with a given name.
if name.count(':') == 1:
# This is a name with a prefix.
prefix, name = name.split(':', 1)
else:
prefix = None
result = (element for element in generator
if isinstance(element, Tag)
and element.name == name
and (prefix is None or element.prefix == prefix)
)
return ResultSet(strainer, result)
results = ResultSet(strainer)
while True:
try:
i = next(generator)
except StopIteration:
break
if i:
found = strainer.search(i)
if found:
results.append(found)
if limit and len(results) >= limit:
break
return results