如何更改文件扩展名？

Question

我正在尝试从 Tax Foundation 网站抓取“.xlsx”文件。遗憾的是，我不断收到一条错误消息：Excel cannot open the file '2017-FF-For-Website-7-10-2017.xlsx because the file format or file extension is not valid. verify that the file has not been corrupted and that the file extension matches the format of the file。我做了一些研究，它说解决这个问题的方法是将文件扩展名更改为“.xls”而不是“.xlsx”。有人可以帮忙吗？

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import urllib.request
import os

url = urllib.request.urlopen("https://taxfoundation.org/facts-figures-2017/")

soup = BeautifulSoup(url, from_encoding=url.info().get_param('charset'))

FHFA = os.chdir('C:/US_Census/Directory')

seen = set()
for link in soup.find_all('a', href=True):
    href = link.get('href')
    if not any(href.endswith(x) for x in ['.xlsx']):
        continue

    file = href.split('/')[-1]
    filename = file.rsplit('.', 1)[0]
    if filename not in seen:  # only retrieve file if it has not been seen before
        seen.add(filename)  # add the file to the set
        url = urllib.request.urlretrieve('https://taxfoundation.org/' + href, file)
    print(filename)

print(' ')
print("All files successfully downloaded.")

P.S。我知道您可以下载该文件，但我正在网络抓取它以自动执行特定过程。

Answer 1

您的问题出在 url = urllib.request.urlretrieve('https://taxfoundation.org/' + href, file) 行上。如果您访问该网站并将鼠标悬停在 Excel 下载按钮上，您会看到更长的 link、https://files.taxfoundation.org/20170710170238/2017-FF-For-Website-7-10-2017.xlsx（注意 2017....238 了吗？）。所以你从来没有正确下载 Excel 文件。这是这样做的正确行：

url = urllib.request.urlretrieve(href, file)

其他一切正常。

如何更改文件扩展名？

How to change file extension?

python

excel

xls

xlsx