python 请求在转换为 .exe 时找不到带有证书的文件夹
python requests can't find a folder with a certificate when converted to .exe
我有一个程序可以汇集来自不同营销系统的广告统计数据。一切正常，直到我将其转换为 .exe 格式并 运行 它。
Exception in Tkinter callback
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 1549, in __call__
return self.func(*args)
File "C:\Users\user\Desktop\alg\TSK_7. Marketing\report_gui.py", line 24, in <lambda>
ok = tk.Button(root, text="DO NOT PRESS", bg="red", command=lambda: self.run())
File "C:\Users\user\Desktop\alg\TSK_7. Marketing\report_gui.py", line 43, in run
report.merge_all()
File "C:\Users\user\Desktop\alg\TSK_7. Marketing\process_data.py", line 400, in merge_all
fb_df = self.fetch_fb()
File "C:\Users\user\Desktop\alg\TSK_7. Marketing\process_data.py", line 156, in fetch_fb
fb_campaigns = from_fb.run_fb(self.start_date, self.end_date) # in JSON format
File "C:\Users\user\Desktop\alg\TSK_7. Marketing\from_fb.py", line 110, in run_fb
return s.get_stats()
File "C:\Users\user\Desktop\alg\TSK_7. Marketing\from_fb.py", line 84, in get_stats
params=params,
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\facebookads\adobjects\adaccount.py", line 1551, in get_insights
return request.execute()
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\facebookads\api.py", line 653, in execute
cursor.load_next_page()
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\facebookads\api.py", line 797, in load_next_page
params=self.params,
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\facebookads\api.py", line 305, in call
timeout=self._session.timeout
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 508, in request
resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 618, in send
r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 407, in send
self.cert_verify(conn, request.url, verify, cert)
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 226, in cert_verify
"invalid path: {0}".format(cert_loc))
OSError: Could not find a suitable TLS CA certificate bundle, invalid path: C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI253762\facebookads\fb_ca_chain_bundle.crt
我试图通过使用此代码来修复该问题，但每次我 运行 此代码时 MEI 文件夹都会不断更改其数字，因此它没有用。
dst = r'C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI120642\facebookads'
file = 'fb_ca_chain_bundle.crt'
try:
os.makedirs(dst); ## it creates the destination folder
except:
pass
shutil.move(file, dst)
所以我去了这个文件
C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\Lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py
并尝试评论引发此错误但出现 SSL 错误的语句。我找不到一段负责生成这些 MEI 数字的代码。
def cert_verify(self, conn, url, verify, cert):
"""Verify a SSL certificate. This method should not be called from user
code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the
:class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`.
:param conn: The urllib3 connection object associated with the cert.
:param url: The requested URL.
:param verify: Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify
the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path
to a CA bundle to use
:param cert: The SSL certificate to verify.
"""
if url.lower().startswith('https') and verify:
cert_loc = None
# Allow self-specified cert location.
if verify is not True:
cert_loc = verify
if not cert_loc:
cert_loc = DEFAULT_CA_BUNDLE_PATH
if not cert_loc or not os.path.exists(cert_loc):
raise IOError("Could not find a suitable TLS CA certificate bundle, "
"invalid path: {0}".format(cert_loc))
conn.cert_reqs = 'CERT_REQUIRED'
if not os.path.isdir(cert_loc):
conn.ca_certs = cert_loc
else:
conn.ca_cert_dir = cert_loc
else:
conn.cert_reqs = 'CERT_NONE'
conn.ca_certs = None
conn.ca_cert_dir = None
if cert:
if not isinstance(cert, basestring):
conn.cert_file = cert[0]
conn.key_file = cert[1]
else:
conn.cert_file = cert
conn.key_file = None
if conn.cert_file and not os.path.exists(conn.cert_file):
raise IOError("Could not find the TLS certificate file, "
"invalid path: {0}".format(conn.cert_file))
if conn.key_file and not os.path.exists(conn.key_file):
raise IOError("Could not find the TLS key file, "
"invalid path: {0}".format(conn.key_file))
我运行也遇到过这个问题。看起来它来自证书包 cacert.pem，但在编译程序时未包含在 requests 包目录中。 requests 模块使用函数 certifi.core.where 来确定 cacert.pem 的位置。覆盖此函数并覆盖此函数设置的变量似乎可以解决问题。
我将这段代码添加到程序的开头：
import sys, os
def override_where():
""" overrides certifi.core.where to return actual location of cacert.pem"""
# change this to match the location of cacert.pem
return os.path.abspath("cacert.pem")
# is the program compiled?
if hasattr(sys, "frozen"):
import certifi.core
os.environ["REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE"] = override_where()
certifi.core.where = override_where
# delay importing until after where() has been replaced
import requests.utils
import requests.adapters
# replace these variables in case these modules were
# imported before we replaced certifi.core.where
requests.utils.DEFAULT_CA_BUNDLE_PATH = override_where()
requests.adapters.DEFAULT_CA_BUNDLE_PATH = override_where()
这可能是 requests 包的问题。
我通过手动将 cacert.pem 文件从 /lib/site-packages/certifi 复制到 /lib/site-packages/requests
解决了这个问题
如果您想用 .exe 解决此问题，请将 cacert.pem 文件从 /lib/site-packages/certifi 复制到 dist/library.zip/certifi/。
我认为您已经使用 py2exe 创建了 exe，其中 py2exe 将在包含所有脚本依赖项的 dist/ 下创建 library.zip。我不知道其他 exe 转换器是否创建 library.zip.
如果要禁用证书验证，可以使用requests.get()中的verify=False参数：
requests.get('https://example.com', verify=False)
我在使用 PyInstaller 转换为 .exe 时遇到了与 requests 包相同的问题。我正在使用 conda 的虚拟环境进行开发。我转向使用 Python's virtual environment （因为我的同事已经这样做并且没有得到同样的错误），像往常一样安装我的包，用 PyInstaller 创建了 .exe 并且没有遇到同样的错误。
我不确定 cacert.pem 文件是否正确打包到 Python 虚拟环境的 .exe 中，但在某种程度上被 conda 虚拟环境忽略了。也许其他人可以澄清为什么会这样，但我希望这对您有所帮助！
我通过输入以下代码解决了它：
import os
import sys
import certifi
os.environ['REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE'] =
os.path.join(os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0]), certifi.where())
通过这个我检测到“cacert.pem”的当前路径并将其放在 environ
我有一个程序可以汇集来自不同营销系统的广告统计数据。一切正常，直到我将其转换为 .exe 格式并 运行 它。
Exception in Tkinter callback
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 1549, in __call__
return self.func(*args)
File "C:\Users\user\Desktop\alg\TSK_7. Marketing\report_gui.py", line 24, in <lambda>
ok = tk.Button(root, text="DO NOT PRESS", bg="red", command=lambda: self.run())
File "C:\Users\user\Desktop\alg\TSK_7. Marketing\report_gui.py", line 43, in run
report.merge_all()
File "C:\Users\user\Desktop\alg\TSK_7. Marketing\process_data.py", line 400, in merge_all
fb_df = self.fetch_fb()
File "C:\Users\user\Desktop\alg\TSK_7. Marketing\process_data.py", line 156, in fetch_fb
fb_campaigns = from_fb.run_fb(self.start_date, self.end_date) # in JSON format
File "C:\Users\user\Desktop\alg\TSK_7. Marketing\from_fb.py", line 110, in run_fb
return s.get_stats()
File "C:\Users\user\Desktop\alg\TSK_7. Marketing\from_fb.py", line 84, in get_stats
params=params,
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\facebookads\adobjects\adaccount.py", line 1551, in get_insights
return request.execute()
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\facebookads\api.py", line 653, in execute
cursor.load_next_page()
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\facebookads\api.py", line 797, in load_next_page
params=self.params,
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\facebookads\api.py", line 305, in call
timeout=self._session.timeout
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 508, in request
resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 618, in send
r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 407, in send
self.cert_verify(conn, request.url, verify, cert)
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 226, in cert_verify
"invalid path: {0}".format(cert_loc))
OSError: Could not find a suitable TLS CA certificate bundle, invalid path: C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI253762\facebookads\fb_ca_chain_bundle.crt
我试图通过使用此代码来修复该问题，但每次我 运行 此代码时 MEI 文件夹都会不断更改其数字，因此它没有用。
dst = r'C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI120642\facebookads'
file = 'fb_ca_chain_bundle.crt'
try:
os.makedirs(dst); ## it creates the destination folder
except:
pass
shutil.move(file, dst)
所以我去了这个文件
C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\Lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py
并尝试评论引发此错误但出现 SSL 错误的语句。我找不到一段负责生成这些 MEI 数字的代码。
def cert_verify(self, conn, url, verify, cert):
"""Verify a SSL certificate. This method should not be called from user
code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the
:class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`.
:param conn: The urllib3 connection object associated with the cert.
:param url: The requested URL.
:param verify: Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify
the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path
to a CA bundle to use
:param cert: The SSL certificate to verify.
"""
if url.lower().startswith('https') and verify:
cert_loc = None
# Allow self-specified cert location.
if verify is not True:
cert_loc = verify
if not cert_loc:
cert_loc = DEFAULT_CA_BUNDLE_PATH
if not cert_loc or not os.path.exists(cert_loc):
raise IOError("Could not find a suitable TLS CA certificate bundle, "
"invalid path: {0}".format(cert_loc))
conn.cert_reqs = 'CERT_REQUIRED'
if not os.path.isdir(cert_loc):
conn.ca_certs = cert_loc
else:
conn.ca_cert_dir = cert_loc
else:
conn.cert_reqs = 'CERT_NONE'
conn.ca_certs = None
conn.ca_cert_dir = None
if cert:
if not isinstance(cert, basestring):
conn.cert_file = cert[0]
conn.key_file = cert[1]
else:
conn.cert_file = cert
conn.key_file = None
if conn.cert_file and not os.path.exists(conn.cert_file):
raise IOError("Could not find the TLS certificate file, "
"invalid path: {0}".format(conn.cert_file))
if conn.key_file and not os.path.exists(conn.key_file):
raise IOError("Could not find the TLS key file, "
"invalid path: {0}".format(conn.key_file))
我运行也遇到过这个问题。看起来它来自证书包 cacert.pem，但在编译程序时未包含在 requests 包目录中。 requests 模块使用函数 certifi.core.where 来确定 cacert.pem 的位置。覆盖此函数并覆盖此函数设置的变量似乎可以解决问题。
我将这段代码添加到程序的开头：
import sys, os
def override_where():
""" overrides certifi.core.where to return actual location of cacert.pem"""
# change this to match the location of cacert.pem
return os.path.abspath("cacert.pem")
# is the program compiled?
if hasattr(sys, "frozen"):
import certifi.core
os.environ["REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE"] = override_where()
certifi.core.where = override_where
# delay importing until after where() has been replaced
import requests.utils
import requests.adapters
# replace these variables in case these modules were
# imported before we replaced certifi.core.where
requests.utils.DEFAULT_CA_BUNDLE_PATH = override_where()
requests.adapters.DEFAULT_CA_BUNDLE_PATH = override_where()
这可能是 requests 包的问题。
我通过手动将 cacert.pem 文件从 /lib/site-packages/certifi 复制到 /lib/site-packages/requests
如果您想用 .exe 解决此问题，请将 cacert.pem 文件从 /lib/site-packages/certifi 复制到 dist/library.zip/certifi/。
我认为您已经使用 py2exe 创建了 exe，其中 py2exe 将在包含所有脚本依赖项的 dist/ 下创建 library.zip。我不知道其他 exe 转换器是否创建 library.zip.
如果要禁用证书验证，可以使用requests.get()中的verify=False参数：
requests.get('https://example.com', verify=False)
我在使用 PyInstaller 转换为 .exe 时遇到了与 requests 包相同的问题。我正在使用 conda 的虚拟环境进行开发。我转向使用 Python's virtual environment （因为我的同事已经这样做并且没有得到同样的错误），像往常一样安装我的包，用 PyInstaller 创建了 .exe 并且没有遇到同样的错误。
我不确定 cacert.pem 文件是否正确打包到 Python 虚拟环境的 .exe 中，但在某种程度上被 conda 虚拟环境忽略了。也许其他人可以澄清为什么会这样，但我希望这对您有所帮助！
我通过输入以下代码解决了它：
import os
import sys
import certifi
os.environ['REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE'] =
os.path.join(os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0]), certifi.where())
通过这个我检测到“cacert.pem”的当前路径并将其放在 environ