IE11 - CSS 变量是否存在 polyfill/脚本？

Question

我正在混合网络浏览器环境中开发网页 (Chrome/IE11)。 IE11 不支持 CSS 变量，是否存在允许我在 IE11 中使用 CSS 变量的 polyfill 或脚本？

Answer 1

+1 代码笔片段 link 在上面的问题评论部分由 [I has kode]。不过，我发现的一件事是，需要对代码片段稍作修改，以便在 IE11 中以 JSON 格式定义函数声明，以免出现错误。以下是代码笔片段的略微修改版本：

let cssVarPoly = {
    init: function() {
        // first lets see if the browser supports CSS variables
        // No version of IE supports window.CSS.supports, so if that isn't supported in the first place we know CSS variables is not supported
        // Edge supports supports, so check for actual variable support
        if (window.CSS && window.CSS.supports && window.CSS.supports('(--foo: red)')) {
            // this browser does support variables, abort
            console.log('your browser supports CSS variables, aborting and letting the native support handle things.');
            return;
        } else {
            // edge barfs on console statements if the console is not open... lame!
            console.log('no support for you! polyfill all (some of) the things!!');
            document.querySelector('body').classList.add('cssvars-polyfilled');
        }

        cssVarPoly.ratifiedVars = {};
        cssVarPoly.varsByBlock = {};
        cssVarPoly.oldCSS = {};

        // start things off
        cssVarPoly.findCSS();
        cssVarPoly.updateCSS();
    },

    // find all the css blocks, save off the content, and look for variables
    findCSS: function() {
        let styleBlocks = document.querySelectorAll('style:not(.inserted),link[type="text/css"]');

        // we need to track the order of the style/link elements when we save off the CSS, set a counter
        let counter = 1;

        // loop through all CSS blocks looking for CSS variables being set
        [].forEach.call(styleBlocks, function (block) {
            // console.log(block.nodeName);
            let theCSS;
            if (block.nodeName === 'STYLE') {
                // console.log("style");
                theCSS = block.innerHTML;
                cssVarPoly.findSetters(theCSS, counter);
            } else if (block.nodeName === 'LINK') {
                // console.log("link");
                cssVarPoly.getLink(block.getAttribute('href'), counter, function (counter, request) {
                    cssVarPoly.findSetters(request.responseText, counter);
                    cssVarPoly.oldCSS[counter] = request.responseText;
                    cssVarPoly.updateCSS();
                });
                theCSS = '';
            }
            // save off the CSS to parse through again later. the value may be empty for links that are waiting for their ajax return, but this will maintain the order
            cssVarPoly.oldCSS[counter] = theCSS;
            counter++;
        });
    },

    // find all the "--variable: value" matches in a provided block of CSS and add them to the master list
    findSetters: function(theCSS, counter) {
        // console.log(theCSS);
        cssVarPoly.varsByBlock[counter] = theCSS.match(/(--.+:.+;)/g) || [];
    },

    // run through all the CSS blocks to update the variables and then inject on the page
    updateCSS: function() {
        // first lets loop through all the variables to make sure later vars trump earlier vars
        cssVarPoly.ratifySetters(cssVarPoly.varsByBlock);

        // loop through the css blocks (styles and links)
        for (let curCSSID in cssVarPoly.oldCSS) {
            // console.log("curCSS:",oldCSS[curCSSID]);
            let newCSS = cssVarPoly.replaceGetters(cssVarPoly.oldCSS[curCSSID], cssVarPoly.ratifiedVars);
            // put it back into the page
            // first check to see if this block exists already
            if (document.querySelector('#inserted' + curCSSID)) {
                // console.log("updating")
                document.querySelector('#inserted' + curCSSID).innerHTML = newCSS;
            } else {
                // console.log("adding");
                var style = document.createElement('style');
                style.type = 'text/css';
                style.innerHTML = newCSS;
                style.classList.add('inserted');
                style.id = 'inserted' + curCSSID;
                document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(style);
            }
        };
    },

    // parse a provided block of CSS looking for a provided list of variables and replace the --var-name with the correct value
    replaceGetters: function(curCSS, varList) {
        // console.log(varList);
        for (let theVar in varList) {
            // console.log(theVar);
            // match the variable with the actual variable name
            let getterRegex = new RegExp('var\(\s*' + theVar + '\s*\)', 'g');
            // console.log(getterRegex);
            // console.log(curCSS);
            curCSS = curCSS.replace(getterRegex, varList[theVar]);

            // now check for any getters that are left that have fallbacks
            let getterRegex2 = new RegExp('var\(\s*.+\s*,\s*(.+)\)', 'g');
            // console.log(getterRegex);
            // console.log(curCSS);
            let matches = curCSS.match(getterRegex2);
            if (matches) {
                // console.log("matches",matches);
                matches.forEach(function (match) {
                    // console.log(match.match(/var\(.+,\s*(.+)\)/))
                    // find the fallback within the getter
                    curCSS = curCSS.replace(match, match.match(/var\(.+,\s*(.+)\)/)[1]);
                });

            }

            // curCSS = curCSS.replace(getterRegex2,varList[theVar]);
        };
        // console.log(curCSS);
        return curCSS;
    },

    // determine the css variable name value pair and track the latest
    ratifySetters: function(varList) {
        // console.log("varList:",varList);
        // loop through each block in order, to maintain order specificity
        for (let curBlock in varList) {
            let curVars = varList[curBlock];
            // console.log("curVars:",curVars);
            // loop through each var in the block
            curVars.forEach(function (theVar) {
                // console.log(theVar);
                // split on the name value pair separator
                let matches = theVar.split(/:\s*/);
                // console.log(matches);
                // put it in an object based on the varName. Each time we do this it will override a previous use and so will always have the last set be the winner
                // 0 = the name, 1 = the value, strip off the ; if it is there
                cssVarPoly.ratifiedVars[matches[0]] = matches[1].replace(/;/, '');
            });
        };
        // console.log(ratifiedVars);
    },

    // get the CSS file (same domain for now)
    getLink: function(url, counter, success) {
        var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
        request.open('GET', url, true);
        request.overrideMimeType('text/css;');
        request.onload = function () {
            if (request.status >= 200 && request.status < 400) {
                // Success!
                // console.log(request.responseText);
                if (typeof success === 'function') {
                    success(counter, request);
                }
            } else {
                // We reached our target server, but it returned an error
                console.warn('an error was returned from:', url);
            }
        };

        request.onerror = function () {
            // There was a connection error of some sort
            console.warn('we could not get anything from:', url);
        };

        request.send();
    }

};

cssVarPoly.init();

Answer 2

我尝试了这个版本的 Polyfill，但在 CSS 中的一行有多个变量（FI 字体和颜色）时出现错误。我的一个同事帮我解决了。参见第 94 行。

let cssVarPoly = {
    init: function() {
        // first lets see if the browser supports CSS variables
        // No version of IE supports window.CSS.supports, so if that isn't supported in the first place we know CSS variables is not supported
        // Edge supports supports, so check for actual variable support
        if (window.CSS && window.CSS.supports && window.CSS.supports('(--foo: red)')) {
            // this browser does support variables, abort
            // console.log('your browser supports CSS variables, aborting and letting the native support handle things.');
            return;
        } else {
            // edge barfs on console statements if the console is not open... lame!
            // console.log('no support for you! polyfill all (some of) the things!!');
            document.querySelector('body').classList.add('cssvars-polyfilled');
        }

        cssVarPoly.ratifiedVars = {};
        cssVarPoly.varsByBlock = {};
        cssVarPoly.oldCSS = {};

        // start things off
        cssVarPoly.findCSS();
        cssVarPoly.updateCSS();
    },

    // find all the css blocks, save off the content, and look for variables
    findCSS: function() {
        let styleBlocks = document.querySelectorAll('style:not(.inserted),link[type="text/css"]');

        // we need to track the order of the style/link elements when we save off the CSS, set a counter
        let counter = 1;

        // loop through all CSS blocks looking for CSS variables being set
        [].forEach.call(styleBlocks, function (block) {
            // console.log(block.nodeName);
            let theCSS;
            if (block.nodeName === 'STYLE') {
                // console.log("style");
                theCSS = block.innerHTML;
                cssVarPoly.findSetters(theCSS, counter);
            } else if (block.nodeName === 'LINK') {
                // console.log("link");
                cssVarPoly.getLink(block.getAttribute('href'), counter, function (counter, request) {
                    cssVarPoly.findSetters(request.responseText, counter);
                    cssVarPoly.oldCSS[counter] = request.responseText;
                    cssVarPoly.updateCSS();
                });
                theCSS = '';
            }
            // save off the CSS to parse through again later. the value may be empty for links that are waiting for their ajax return, but this will maintain the order
            cssVarPoly.oldCSS[counter] = theCSS;
            counter++;
        });
    },

    // find all the "--variable: value" matches in a provided block of CSS and add them to the master list
    findSetters: function(theCSS, counter) {
        // console.log(theCSS);
        cssVarPoly.varsByBlock[counter] = theCSS.match(/(--.+:.+;)/g) || [];
    },

    // run through all the CSS blocks to update the variables and then inject on the page
    updateCSS: function() {
        // first lets loop through all the variables to make sure later vars trump earlier vars
        cssVarPoly.ratifySetters(cssVarPoly.varsByBlock);

        // loop through the css blocks (styles and links)
        for (let curCSSID in cssVarPoly.oldCSS) {
            // console.log("curCSS:",oldCSS[curCSSID]);
            let newCSS = cssVarPoly.replaceGetters(cssVarPoly.oldCSS[curCSSID], cssVarPoly.ratifiedVars);
            // put it back into the page
            // first check to see if this block exists already
            if (document.querySelector('#inserted' + curCSSID)) {
                // console.log("updating")
                document.querySelector('#inserted' + curCSSID).innerHTML = newCSS;
            } else {
                // console.log("adding");
                var style = document.createElement('style');
                style.type = 'text/css';
                style.innerHTML = newCSS;
                style.classList.add('inserted');
                style.id = 'inserted' + curCSSID;
                document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(style);
            }
        };
    },

    // parse a provided block of CSS looking for a provided list of variables and replace the --var-name with the correct value
    replaceGetters: function(curCSS, varList) {
        // console.log(varList);
        for (let theVar in varList) {
            // console.log(theVar);
            // match the variable with the actual variable name
            // console.log (theVar);
            var res = theVar.match(/--[a-zA-Z0-9-]+/g);
            // console.log (res[0]);
            theVar = res[0];
            let getterRegex = new RegExp('var\(\s*' + theVar + '\s*\)', 'g');
            // console.log(getterRegex);
            // console.log(curCSS);
            curCSS = curCSS.replace(getterRegex, varList[theVar]);

            // now check for any getters that are left that have fallbacks
            let getterRegex2 = new RegExp('var\(\s*.+\s*,\s*(.+)\)', 'g');
            // console.log(getterRegex);
            // console.log(curCSS);
            let matches = curCSS.match(getterRegex2);
            if (matches) {
                // console.log("matches",matches);
                matches.forEach(function (match) {
                    // console.log(match.match(/var\(.+,\s*(.+)\)/))
                    // find the fallback within the getter
                    curCSS = curCSS.replace(match, match.match(/var\(.+,\s*(.+)\)/)[1]);
                });
            }

            // curCSS = curCSS.replace(getterRegex2,varList[theVar]);
        };
        // console.log(curCSS);
        return curCSS;
    },

    // determine the css variable name value pair and track the latest
    ratifySetters: function(varList) {
        // console.log("varList:",varList);
        // loop through each block in order, to maintain order specificity
        for (let curBlock in varList) {
            let curVars = varList[curBlock];
            // console.log("curVars:",curVars);
            // loop through each var in the block
            curVars.forEach(function (theVar) {
                // console.log(theVar);
                // split on the name value pair separator
                let matches = theVar.split(/:\s*/);
                // console.log(matches);
                // put it in an object based on the varName. Each time we do this it will override a previous use and so will always have the last set be the winner
                // 0 = the name, 1 = the value, strip off the ; if it is there
                cssVarPoly.ratifiedVars[matches[0]] = matches[1].replace(/;/, '');
            });
        };
        // console.log(ratifiedVars);
    },

    // get the CSS file (same domain for now)
    getLink: function(url, counter, success) {
        var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
        request.open('GET', url, true);
        request.overrideMimeType('text/css;');
        request.onload = function () {
            if (request.status >= 200 && request.status < 400) {
                // Success!
                // console.log(request.responseText);
                if (typeof success === 'function') {
                    success(counter, request);
                }
            } else {
                // We reached our target server, but it returned an error
                console.warn('an error was returned from:', url);
            }
        };

        request.onerror = function () {
            // There was a connection error of some sort
            console.warn('we could not get anything from:', url);
        };

        request.send();
    }

};

cssVarPoly.init();

Answer 3

是的，只要您正在处理 root-level 自定义属性 (IE9+)。

GitHub: https://github.com/jhildenbiddle/css-vars-ponyfill
NPM: https://www.npmjs.com/package/css-vars-ponyfill
演示：https://codepen.io/jhildenbiddle/pen/ZxYJrR

来自自述文件：

Features

Client-side transformation of CSS custom properties to static values

Live updates of runtime values in both modern and legacy browsers

Transforms <link>, <style>, and @import CSS

Transforms relative url() paths to absolute URLs

Supports chained and nested var() functions

Supports var() function fallback values

Supports web components / shadow DOM CSS

Watch mode auto-updates on <link> and <style> changes

UMD and ES6 module available

TypeScript definitions included

Lightweight (6k min+gzip) and dependency-free

Limitations

Custom property support is limited to :root and :host declarations

The use of var() is limited to property values (per W3C specification)

以下是该库可以处理的一些示例：

Root-level 自定义属性

:root {
    --a: red;
}

p {
    color: var(--a);
}

链接的自定义属性

:root {
    --a: var(--b);
    --b: var(--c);
    --c: red;
}

p {
    color: var(--a);
}

嵌套自定义属性

:root {
    --a: 1em;
    --b: 2;
}

p {
    font-size: calc(var(--a) * var(--b));
}

后备值

p {
    font-size: var(--a, 1rem);
    color: var(--b, var(--c, var(--d, red))); 
}

转换 <link>、<style> 和 @import CSS

<link rel="stylesheet" href="/absolute/path/to/style.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../relative/path/to/style.css">

<style>
    @import "/absolute/path/to/style.css";
    @import "../relative/path/to/style.css";
</style>

转换网络组件/阴影DOM

<custom-element>
  #shadow-root
    <style>
      .my-custom-element {
        color: var(--test-color);
      }
    </style>
    <div class="my-custom-element">Hello.</div>
</custom-element>

为了完整起见：w3c specs

希望对您有所帮助。

(无耻self-promotion: 检查)

Answer 4

此 polyfill 几乎完全支持 IE11 中的自定义属性（不仅root-level）：
https://github.com/nuxodin/ie11CustomProperties

工作原理

该脚本利用了 IE 对自定义属性支持最少的事实，在这种情况下，可以在考虑级联的情况下定义和读出属性。
.myEl {-ie-test:'aaa'} // only one dash allowed! "-"
然后阅读 javascript:
getComputedStyle( querySelector('.myEl') )['-ie-test']

自述文件中的功能：

handles dynamic added html-content

handles dynamic added <style>, <link>-elements

chaining --bar:var(--foo)

fallback var(--color, blue)

:focus, :target, :hover

js-integration:

style.setProperty('--x','y')

style.getPropertyValue('--x')

getComputedStyle(el).getPropertyValue('--inherited')

Inline styles: <div ie-style="--color:blue"...

cascade works

inheritance works

under 3k (min+gzip) and dependency-free

演示：

https://rawcdn.githack.com/nuxodin/ie11CustomProperties/b851ec2b6b8e336a78857b570d9c12a8526c9a91/test.html

Answer 5

要支持 Internet Explorer，只需在 index.html head 标记中使用以下脚本即可，效果非常好。

<script>window.MSInputMethodContext && document.documentMode && document.write('<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/nuxodin/ie11CustomProperties@4.1.0/ie11CustomProperties.min.js"><\x2fscript>');</script>

IE11 - CSS 变量是否存在 polyfill/脚本？

IE11 - does a polyfill / script exist for CSS variables?

css

polyfills

internet-explorer-11

工作原理

自述文件中的功能：

演示：