使用 Swift 中的 Decodable 和 CodingKeys 解析 JSON 4

Parsing JSON using Decodable and CodingKeys in Swift 4

我正在尝试解析从 URL 中检索的大型 JSON 字符串。我用来测试的JSON如下:

let json = """
{
"feed": {
    "title": "Harry Potter",
    "test": "I dont want this value",
    "results": [
        {
        "author": "JK Rowling",
        "artworkURL": "A url",
        "genres": [
            {
                "name": "Fantasy"
            },
            {
                "name": "Scifi"
            }
        ],
            "name": "Goblet of Fire",
            "releaseDate": "2000-07-08"
        },
        {
        "author": "JK Rowling",
        "artworkURL": "A url",
        "genres": [
            {
                "name": "Fantasy"
            },
            {
                "name": "Scifi"
            }
            ],
            "name": "Half Blood Prince",
            "releaseDate": "2009-07-15"
            }
        ]
    }
}
""".data(using: .utf8)!

我有几个数据结构可以将数据放入:

struct Genre: Decodable {
    let name: String
}

struct Book: Decodable {
    let author: String
    let artworkURL: URL
    let genres: [Genre]
    let name: String
    let releaseDate: String
}

struct BookCollection {
    let title: String
    let books: [Book]

    enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
        case feed
    }

    enum FeedKeys: String, CodingKey {
        case title, results
    }

    enum ResultKeys: String, CodingKey {
        case author, artworkURL, genres, name, releaseDate
    }

    enum GenreKeys: String, CodingKey {
        case name
    }
}

extension BookCollection: Decodable {
    init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
        let values = try decoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)

        let feed = try values.nestedContainer(keyedBy: FeedKeys.self, 
    forKey: .feed)
        self.title = try feed.decode(String.self, forKey: .title)
        self.books = try feed.decode([Track].self, forKey: .results)
    }
}

然后我打印出这样的信息:

do {
    let response = try JSONDecoder().decode(BookCollection.self, from: json)
    for book in response.books {
        print(book.genres)
    }
} catch {
    print(error)
}

成功打印除流派以外的所有信息。这给了我一个 genres 数组,但我做不到 book.genres.name 访问名称。我必须使用: book.genres[0] 它只给了我第一个索引的结果。

有没有一种方法可以完善我的 BookCollection 扩展中的 JSON 解码,然后利用 book.genres.name

谢谢

如果你真的需要额外的 name 属性,你可以在新的扩展中这样做:

extension Array where Element == Genre {
    var name: [String] {
        return self.map { [=10=].name }
    }
}

这会将前面提到的 name 属性 添加到 每个 [Genre] 值,包括您的 Book 类型。只需确保这确实是您所追求的(如果将此扩展声明为 private,那么它将在相应的 swift 文件中可用)。

为了消除使用许多枚举编码键和手动解码类型的需要,您可以将数据结构更改为映射 JSON 结构格式。注意下面的代码,结构体不需要嵌套,也可以并列。此代码已使用您编码的 JSON 数据

进行测试
public struct HarryPotterFeed: Codable {
  public let feed: BookCollection

  public struct BookCollection: Codable {
    public let title: String
    public let books: [Book]

    // map properties books to json's "results"
    enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
      case title  // needs to come along 
      case books = "results"
    }

    public struct Book: Codable {
      public let author, name, artworkURL, releaseDate : String
      public let genres: [Genre]

      public struct Genre: Codable {
        public let name: String
      }
    }
  }
}

// Decode JSON 

do {
  let response = try JSONDecoder().decode(HarryPotterFeed.self, from: json)
  for book in response.feed.books {
    for name in book.genres {
      print(name)
    }
  }
} catch {
  print("PROBLEM DECODING JSON \(error)")
}