C 中子进程之间的 exec() 和 pipe()

exec() and pipe() between child process in C

我正在尝试使用 pipe()fork() 来实现:

ls | wc

首先我检查了管道是否工作正常,这是代码。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main(void){

    char *param1[]={"ls",NULL};
    char *param2[]={"wc",NULL};

    int p[2];
    pipe(p);

    pid_t process1, process2;

    if((process1=fork())==0){ // child 1
        dup2(p[1],1); // redirect stdout to pipe
        close(p[0]);
        execvp("ls", param1);
        perror("execvp ls failed");
    }
    else if(process1>0){ // parent
        wait(NULL);
    }

    if((process2=fork())==0){ // child 2
        dup2(p[0],0); // get stdin from pipe
        close(p[1]);

        char buff[1000]={0};
        read(STDIN_FILENO,buff,250);
        printf("---- in process2 -----\n%s\n",buff);
    }
    else if(process2>0){ // parent
        wait(NULL);
    }
    return 0;
}

我检查过它工作正常。我将 read()printf() 替换为 exec(),例如:

if((process2=fork())==0){ // child 2
    dup2(p[0],0); // get stdin from pipe
    close(p[1]);

    execvp("wc",param2);
    perror("execvp wc failed");
}

我的终端挂了。我认为 wc 过程没有得到任何输入。所以我的问题是,为什么 read()printf() 有效,而 execvp() 无效?

你不需要在每次创建新进程时都等待并关闭父进程中的描述符,比如:

if((process1=fork())==0){ // child 1
    dup2(p[1],1); // redirect stdout to pipe
    close(p[0]);
    execvp("ls", param1);
    perror("execvp ls failed");
}
else if(process1==-1){ // fork failed
    exit(1);
}
close(p[1]); // no need for writing in the parent

if((process2=fork())==0){ // child 2
    dup2(p[0],0); // get stdin from pipe

    char buff[1000]={0};
    read(STDIN_FILENO,buff,250);
    printf("---- in process2 -----\n%s\n",buff);
}
else if(process2==-1){ // second fork failed
    close(p[0]); // ensure there is no reader to the pipe
    wait(NULL); // wait for first chidren
    exit(1);
}
close(p[0]); // no need for reading in the parent

wait(NULL);
wait(NULL); // wait for the two children