从 table 中删除一行

Question

我在 mysql InnoDB 中创建了一个模式 .sql:

CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS sailors;
USE sailors;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS reserves;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS sailors;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS boats;

CREATE TABLE sailors
(
sid    INTEGER NOT NULL ,
sname  VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL ,
rating INTEGER NULL ,
age    DECIMAL(5,2) NULL, 
CONSTRAINT sailors_pk PRIMARY KEY (sid)
);

CREATE TABLE boats
(
bid    INTEGER NOT NULL ,
bname  VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL ,
color  VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL ,
CONSTRAINT boats_pk PRIMARY KEY (bid)
);

CREATE TABLE reserves
(
sid    INTEGER NOT NULL ,
bid    INTEGER NOT NULL ,
day    DATE NOT NULL ,
CONSTRAINT reserves_pk PRIMARY KEY (sid,bid,day)
, foreign key (sid) references sailors (sid)
, foreign key (bid) references boats  (bid)
);

INSERT INTO sailors VALUES(22, 'Dustin', 7, 45.0);
INSERT INTO sailors VALUES(29, 'Brutus', 1, 33.0);
INSERT INTO sailors VALUES(31, 'Lubber', 8, 55.5);
INSERT INTO sailors VALUES(32, 'Audy',   8, 25.5);
INSERT INTO sailors VALUES(58, 'Rusty', 10, 35.5);
INSERT INTO sailors VALUES(64, 'Horatio',7, 35.0);
INSERT INTO sailors VALUES(71, 'Zorba', 10, 16.0);
INSERT INTO sailors VALUES(74, 'Horatio',9, 35.0);
INSERT INTO sailors VALUES(85, 'Art',    3, 25.5);
INSERT INTO sailors VALUES(95, 'Bob',    3, 63.5);

INSERT INTO boats VALUES(101, 'Interlake', 'blue');
INSERT INTO boats VALUES(102, 'Interlake', 'red');
INSERT INTO boats VALUES(103, 'Clipper',   'green');
INSERT INTO boats VALUES(104, 'Marine',    'red');
INSERT INTO boats VALUES(105, 'Clipper',   'white');

INSERT INTO reserves VALUES(22, 101, DATE '2012-10-10');
INSERT INTO reserves VALUES(22, 102, DATE '2012-10-10');
INSERT INTO reserves VALUES(22, 103, DATE '2012-08-10');
INSERT INTO reserves VALUES(22, 104, DATE '2012-07-10');
INSERT INTO reserves VALUES(31, 102, DATE '2012-10-11');
INSERT INTO reserves VALUES(31, 103, DATE '2012-06-11');
INSERT INTO reserves VALUES(31, 104, DATE '2012-12-11');
INSERT INTO reserves VALUES(64, 101, DATE '2012-05-09');
INSERT INTO reserves VALUES(64, 102, DATE '2012-08-09');
INSERT INTO reserves VALUES(74, 103, DATE '2012-08-09');

现在我想从所有 table 中删除关于名为 Lubber 的水手的所有信息。我执行以下操作：

DELETE FROM sailors
WHERE sname = 'Lubber';

并希望他被删除，但我却收到错误消息：

00:27:03    DELETE FROM sailors WHERE sname = 'Lubber'  Error Code: 1451. Cannot delete or update a parent row: a foreign key constraint fails (`sailors`.`reserves`, CONSTRAINT `reserves_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`sid`) REFERENCES `sailors` (`sid`))    0.016 sec.

所以，我尝试了另一种我知道的方法，但我在这里也失败了。这是方法及其失败。

DELETE sailors, reserves
FROM sailors 
INNER JOIN reserves ON (sailors.sid = reserves.sid)
WHERE sname = 'Lubber';

00:28:22    DELETE sailors, reserves FROM sailors  INNER JOIN reserves ON (sailors.sid = reserves.sid) WHERE sname = 'Lubber'   Error Code: 1451. Cannot delete or update a parent row: a foreign key constraint fails (`sailors`.`reserves`, CONSTRAINT `reserves_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`sid`) REFERENCES `sailors` (`sid`))    0.000 sec

我真的卡住了，不知道还能尝试什么。将不胜感激任何帮助，感谢您的关注。

Answer 1

您的卖家 table 与储备 table 有关系。通常，当您尝试删除父记录以避免孤立数据时，innodb 会抛出错误。以下是一些备选方案

使用应用程序逻辑删除子记录 1st
删除父记录时使用级联删除所有子记录。（可能很危险，例如：删除水手时可能会失去所有储备）
使用软删除（将 is_deleted 之类的标志设置为是或否）（强烈推荐）

您可以执行以下级联操作，这将在删除父记录时删除所有子记录

CREATE TABLE reserves
    (
    sid    INTEGER NOT NULL ,
    bid    INTEGER NOT NULL ,
    day    DATE NOT NULL ,
    CONSTRAINT reserves_pk PRIMARY KEY (sid,bid,day)
    , foreign key (sid) references sailors (sid) ON DELETE CASCADE 
    , foreign key (bid) references boats  (bid) ON DELETE CASCADE 
    )

Answer 2

由于 reserves table 上的 foreign key (sid) references sailors (sid)，以下内容是维护数据完整性所必需的。理想情况下，这两个语句将在单个事务中发出，或者更好的是，从存储过程中发出。

DELETE FROM reserves
WHERE sid in (
   SELECT s.sid
   FROM sailors s
   WHERE s.sname = 'Lubber' );

DELETE FROM sailors
WHERE sname = 'Lubber';

从 table 中删除一行

Delete a row from the table

mysql

innodb

delete-row