如何在 Django 中测试 auto_now_add

Question

我有 django 1.11 应用程序，我想为我的解决方案编写单元测试。

我想测试注册日期功能。

model.py:

class User(models.Model):
    first_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    registration_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

    def get_registration_date(self):
        return self.registration_date

我也在为模型工厂使用 django-boy： factories.py

  class UserFactory(factory.DjangoModelFactory):
        class Meta:
            model = models.User
        first_name = 'This is first name'
        last_name = 'This is last name'
        registration_date = timezone.now()

test.py

def test_get_registration_date(self):
    user = factories.UserFactory.create()
    self.assertEqual(user.get_registration_date(), timezone.now())

问题是我收到了 AssertionError:

AssertionError: datetime.datetime(2018, 4, 17, 9, 39, 36, 707927, tzinfo=<UTC>) != datetime.datetime(2018, 4, 17, 9, 39, 36, 708069, tzinfo=<UTC>)

Answer 1

您可以使用 mock:

import pytz
from unittest import mock

def test_get_registration_date(self):
    mocked = datetime.datetime(2018, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=pytz.utc)
    with mock.patch('django.utils.timezone.now', mock.Mock(return_value=mocked)):
        user = factories.UserFactory.create()
        self.assertEqual(user.get_registration_date(), mocked)

Answer 2

您可以使用包裹冻结枪。 https://github.com/spulec/freezegun 补丁 datetime.now()。

from freezegun import freeze_time
...
    @freeze_time("2017-06-23 07:28:00")
    def test_get_registration_date(self):
        user = factories.UserFactory.create()
        self.assertEqual(
            datetime.strftime(user.get_registration_date(), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
            "2017-06-23 07:28:00"
        )

Answer 3

只需使用 factory.post_generation 装饰器：

class UserFactory(factory.DjangoModelFactory):
    ...
    @factory.post_generation
    def registration_date(self, create, extracted, **kwargs):
        if extracted:
            self.registration_date = extracted

Answer 4

为了使用@neverwalkaloner 的回答简化您的工作，您可以定义一个更具体的上下文管理器：

import pytz
from unittest import mock
from contextlib import contextmanager

@contextmanager
def current_time(dt):
    with mock.patch('django.utils.timezone.now', mock.Mock(return_value=dt)):
        yield dt

并将其用作：

def test_get_registration_date(self):
    with current_time(datetime(2021, 9, 12, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=pytz.utc)) as mocked:
        user = factories.UserFactory.create()
        self.assertEqual(user.get_registration_date(), mocked)

Answer 5

通用方式使用Factory Boy与Django与DateTime与auto_now_add=True

引入自定义 DjangoFactory，使用 arg _fake_time 以 在对象创建期间冻结时间

from contextlib import suppress
from factory.django import DjangoModelFactory
from freezegun import freeze_time
from functools import partial

class CustomDjangoModelFactory(DjangoModelFactory):

    @classmethod
    def create(cls, _fake_time=None, **kwargs):
        wrapper = partial(freeze_time, time_to_freeze=_fake_time) if _fake_time else suppress
        with wrapper(_fake_time):
            return super().create(**kwargs)

Add/change你的工厂要根据CustomDjangoModelFactory

import factory
from django.db import models

class MyModel(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

class MyModelFactory(CustomDjangoModelFactory):
    name = factory.Sequence(lambda n: "Model No. %03d" % n)

    class Meta:
        model = MyModel

与 _fake_time 一起使用或不与

my_model1 = MyModelFactory(name='first', _fake_time='2020-12-1')
my_model2 = MyModelFactory(name='second', _fake_time=datetime(2020, 11, 30))
my_model3 = MyModelFactory(name='third')

如何在 Django 中测试 auto_now_add

How to test auto_now_add in django

python

django

datetime

unit-testing

factory-boy