ArrayStack 大小
ArrayStack size
我在 C++ 中完成了这个任务,我必须只使用数组(而不是使用向量之类的东西)来实现堆栈。老师给了我们一个可以遵循的界面和一些代码来测试我们的 ArrayStack。我的问题是,当我创建一个堆栈时,用 100 个元素填充它然后清空它,大小为 4(我将最小值设置为 4),当教师代码执行相同操作时(在 testStack 函数中),相同的检查失败。
这是我的代码:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <assert.h>
using namespace std;
template<typename T>
class Stack {
public:
// Adds new element to the top of the stack
virtual void push(T x) = 0;
// Returns the top element AND removes it from the stack
// If the stack is empty use 'throw std::out_of_range("<human_friendly_message>");'
virtual T pop() = 0;
// Returns the top element but does NOT remove it from the stack
// If the stack is empty use 'throw std::out_of_range("<human_friendly_message>");'
virtual T top() = 0;
// Returns the current number of elements in the stack
virtual int getSize() = 0;
// Returns the current capacity of the underlying data storage (array)
virtual int getCapacity() = 0;
// Returns true if the stack has no elements and false otherwise
virtual bool isEmpty() = 0;
};
template<typename T>
class ArrayStack : public Stack<T>{
private:
T* data;
int arraysize;
int N;
void resize(int capacity)
{
T* copy = new T[capacity];
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
copy[i] = data[i];
T* p = data;
data = copy;
delete [] p;
}
public:
ArrayStack(){
N = 0;
data = new T[4];
arraysize = 4;
}
ArrayStack(int n){
if (n < 1) n = 1;
N = 0;
data = new T[n];
arraysize = n;
}
bool isEmpty(){ return N == 0; }
void push(T x)
{
if (N == arraysize)
{
resize(2 * arraysize);
arraysize *= 2;
}
data[N] = x;
N++;
}
T pop()
{
if (isEmpty()){
throw out_of_range("Can't pop on empty stack");
}
else{
N--;
T k;
k = data[N];
if (N > 0 && N == arraysize / 4 && arraysize/2>=4)
{
resize(arraysize / 2);
arraysize /= 2;
}
return k;
}
}
T top()
{
if (isEmpty()) throw out_of_range("Can't top on empty stack");
return data[N - 1];
}
int getCapacity()
{
return arraysize;
}
int getSize()
{
return N;
}
~ArrayStack()
{
delete [] data;
}
};
template<class T>
void testStack(Stack<T> *& stack, int cap = 128) {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
stack->push(i);
assert(stack->top() == i);
}
assert(stack->getCapacity() == cap);
assert(stack->getSize() == 100);
for (int i = 99; i >= 0; i--) {
assert(stack->top() == i);
stack->pop();
}
assert(stack->getCapacity() == 4);
assert(stack->isEmpty());
}
int main() {
try {
Stack<int> * stackI = new ArrayStack<int>();
testStack(stackI);
delete stackI;
Stack<float> * stackF = new ArrayStack<float>(1);
testStack(stackF);
delete stackF;
Stack<double> * stackD = new ArrayStack<double>(65536);
testStack(stackD, 65536);
delete stackD;
Stack<string> * stackS = new ArrayStack<string>();
stackS->push("string1");
stackS->push("string2");
stackS->push("string3");
stackS->push("string4");
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
stackS->pop();
}
assert(stackS->isEmpty());
cout << "All tests passed!" << endl;
}
catch (std::exception & ex) {
cout << ex.what() << endl;
}
return 0;
}
您可能已经注意到,问题出现在最后一个堆栈,即初始容量为 65536 的堆栈。
如果您在断言失败之前打印容量,您会注意到它是 65536。
堆栈似乎根本没有调整大小。
看你什么时候缩仓的条件,有一个条件是N == arraysize / 4
。
因为N
不会大于100,而65536 / 4是16384,这个条件永远不会成立。
将 ==
替换为 <=
即可:
N <= arraysize / 4
我在 C++ 中完成了这个任务,我必须只使用数组(而不是使用向量之类的东西)来实现堆栈。老师给了我们一个可以遵循的界面和一些代码来测试我们的 ArrayStack。我的问题是,当我创建一个堆栈时,用 100 个元素填充它然后清空它,大小为 4(我将最小值设置为 4),当教师代码执行相同操作时(在 testStack 函数中),相同的检查失败。
这是我的代码:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <assert.h>
using namespace std;
template<typename T>
class Stack {
public:
// Adds new element to the top of the stack
virtual void push(T x) = 0;
// Returns the top element AND removes it from the stack
// If the stack is empty use 'throw std::out_of_range("<human_friendly_message>");'
virtual T pop() = 0;
// Returns the top element but does NOT remove it from the stack
// If the stack is empty use 'throw std::out_of_range("<human_friendly_message>");'
virtual T top() = 0;
// Returns the current number of elements in the stack
virtual int getSize() = 0;
// Returns the current capacity of the underlying data storage (array)
virtual int getCapacity() = 0;
// Returns true if the stack has no elements and false otherwise
virtual bool isEmpty() = 0;
};
template<typename T>
class ArrayStack : public Stack<T>{
private:
T* data;
int arraysize;
int N;
void resize(int capacity)
{
T* copy = new T[capacity];
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
copy[i] = data[i];
T* p = data;
data = copy;
delete [] p;
}
public:
ArrayStack(){
N = 0;
data = new T[4];
arraysize = 4;
}
ArrayStack(int n){
if (n < 1) n = 1;
N = 0;
data = new T[n];
arraysize = n;
}
bool isEmpty(){ return N == 0; }
void push(T x)
{
if (N == arraysize)
{
resize(2 * arraysize);
arraysize *= 2;
}
data[N] = x;
N++;
}
T pop()
{
if (isEmpty()){
throw out_of_range("Can't pop on empty stack");
}
else{
N--;
T k;
k = data[N];
if (N > 0 && N == arraysize / 4 && arraysize/2>=4)
{
resize(arraysize / 2);
arraysize /= 2;
}
return k;
}
}
T top()
{
if (isEmpty()) throw out_of_range("Can't top on empty stack");
return data[N - 1];
}
int getCapacity()
{
return arraysize;
}
int getSize()
{
return N;
}
~ArrayStack()
{
delete [] data;
}
};
template<class T>
void testStack(Stack<T> *& stack, int cap = 128) {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
stack->push(i);
assert(stack->top() == i);
}
assert(stack->getCapacity() == cap);
assert(stack->getSize() == 100);
for (int i = 99; i >= 0; i--) {
assert(stack->top() == i);
stack->pop();
}
assert(stack->getCapacity() == 4);
assert(stack->isEmpty());
}
int main() {
try {
Stack<int> * stackI = new ArrayStack<int>();
testStack(stackI);
delete stackI;
Stack<float> * stackF = new ArrayStack<float>(1);
testStack(stackF);
delete stackF;
Stack<double> * stackD = new ArrayStack<double>(65536);
testStack(stackD, 65536);
delete stackD;
Stack<string> * stackS = new ArrayStack<string>();
stackS->push("string1");
stackS->push("string2");
stackS->push("string3");
stackS->push("string4");
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
stackS->pop();
}
assert(stackS->isEmpty());
cout << "All tests passed!" << endl;
}
catch (std::exception & ex) {
cout << ex.what() << endl;
}
return 0;
}
您可能已经注意到,问题出现在最后一个堆栈,即初始容量为 65536 的堆栈。
如果您在断言失败之前打印容量,您会注意到它是 65536。
堆栈似乎根本没有调整大小。
看你什么时候缩仓的条件,有一个条件是N == arraysize / 4
。
因为N
不会大于100,而65536 / 4是16384,这个条件永远不会成立。
将 ==
替换为 <=
即可:
N <= arraysize / 4