Java 中的某些 unicode 字符不显示在 JTextField 中
Certain unicode characters in Java don't show in JTextField
我们最近将一位客户的 Oracle 数据库从 Windows-1252 转换为 Unicode（我不知道他们是如何忍受的；他们保存了许多个人姓名）。
一切正常，除了一些角色。是字符 ṣ（下面有一个点的 s）让问题进入了我们的世界。
据我所知，当未指定时，Java 使用其逻辑字体来查找适用于每个 OS 的字体（请参阅 https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/2d/text/fonts.html）。
我建立了一个快速示例，这是来自 https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/uiswing/components/textfield.html:
的示例
/*
* Copyright (c) 1995, 2008, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
*
* - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* - Neither the name of Oracle or the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
* from this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
* IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
* THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
* PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
* CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
* EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
* PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
* PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
* NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
* SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
/* TextDemo.java requires no other files. */
import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
import javax.swing.JTextArea;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
public class Chartest extends JPanel implements ActionListener {
protected JTextField textField;
protected JTextArea textArea;
private final static String newline = "\n";
public Chartest() {
super(new GridBagLayout());
// UIManager.getLookAndFeelDefaults().put("TextField.font", new Font("Arial",
// Font.PLAIN, 14));
textField = new JTextField(20);
textField.addActionListener(this);
textArea = new JTextArea(5, 20);
textArea.setEditable(false);
JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
// Add Components to this panel.
GridBagConstraints c = new GridBagConstraints();
c.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;
c.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
add(textField, c);
c.fill = GridBagConstraints.BOTH;
c.weightx = 1.0;
c.weighty = 1.0;
add(scrollPane, c);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) {
String text = textField.getText();
textArea.append(text + newline);
textField.selectAll();
// Make sure the new text is visible, even if there
// was a selection in the text area.
textArea.setCaretPosition(textArea.getDocument().getLength());
}
/**
* Create the GUI and show it. For thread safety,
* this method should be invoked from the
* event dispatch thread.
*/
private static void createAndShowGUI() {
// Create and set up the window.
JFrame frame = new JFrame("TextDemo");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
// Add contents to the window.
frame.add(new Chartest());
// Display the window.
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread:
// creating and showing this application's GUI.
javax.swing.SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
createAndShowGUI();
}
});
}
}
我唯一添加的是以下行：
// UIManager.getLookAndFeelDefaults().put("TextField.font", new Font("Arial", Font.PLAIN, 14));
如果没有这一行，ṣ 在文本字段中输入时会变成一个正方形。如果你取消注释这一行，它就起作用了。查看Javalib文件夹中的fontconfig.properties.src，所有逻辑字体都指向字体，可以显示ṣ：Times，Courier，Arial。我将文件重命名为 fontconfig.properties 并将所有内容更改为 Arial 以覆盖默认值。它没有改变任何东西。
这也不起作用：
UIManager.getLookAndFeelDefaults().put("TextField.font", new Font("Dialog", Font.PLAIN, 14));
尽管 Dialog 在 fontconfig.properties.src 中明显引用了 Arial。
我忽略了什么？我在 Java 10.
逻辑字体的渲染似乎是一个谜。在一项测试 运行 中，我在 JTextArea 中正确呈现了相关字符，但在 JTextField 中却没有，而 textArea.getFont()==textField.getFont() 评估为 true!
fontconfig.properties.src指的是Arial，但它也包含这一行：
exclusion.alphabetic=0700-1e9f,1f00-2017,2020-20ab,20ad-20b8,20bb-20bc,20be-f8ff
和ṣ和Ṣ（U+1e63和U+1e62）正好在这个范围内。
我不知道这些明显的“字母”字符在这里被排除时应该在哪里结束。 This document 只是声明：
This is used if a font with a large character repertoire needs to be placed early in the search sequence (for example, for performance reasons), but some characters that it supports should be drawn with a different font instead.
但我不知道为什么不应该使用配置为“字母”的第一个字体呈现这些字符，而搜索序列中的其他字体应该呈现它们。
此外，这个范围看起来很随意，也就是说，虽然 Ṣ 和 ṣ 在排除范围内，但 Ạ 和 ạ 不在并且可以正确呈现。
当你把这一行变成评论时，即
#exclusion.alphabetic=0700-1e9f,1f00-2017,2020-20ab,20ad-20b8,20bb-20bc,20be-f8ff
问题消失了。
我感觉原来的排除条款导致渲染以嵌入的Lucida字体结束，无法渲染这些字符。在 JDK 11 中，此排除行仍然存在并且更新版本：
exclusion.alphabetic=0700-1cff,1d80-1e9f,1f00-2017,2020-20ab,20ad-20b8,20bb-20bc,20be-f8ff
仍然涵盖 ṣ 和 Ṣ（U+1e63 和 U+1e62）。但是 Lucida 字体已被删除，因此，AWT 代码中对这些字体的硬编码引用也必须被删除。
作为 JDK10 和 JDK11 之间所做更改的最终结果，字符 ṣ 和 Ṣ 可以正确呈现。
所以最重要的是，与其尝试修复 JDK 10 的 AWT 配置，您还可以简单地更新到 JDK 11。
这适用于 OpenJDK 11 和 Oracle JDK 11。它们的字体配置文件仅在许可证 header 注释上有所不同…
我们最近将一位客户的 Oracle 数据库从 Windows-1252 转换为 Unicode（我不知道他们是如何忍受的；他们保存了许多个人姓名）。
一切正常，除了一些角色。是字符 ṣ（下面有一个点的 s）让问题进入了我们的世界。
据我所知，当未指定时，Java 使用其逻辑字体来查找适用于每个 OS 的字体（请参阅 https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/2d/text/fonts.html）。
我建立了一个快速示例，这是来自 https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/uiswing/components/textfield.html:
的示例/*
* Copyright (c) 1995, 2008, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
*
* - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* - Neither the name of Oracle or the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
* from this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
* IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
* THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
* PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
* CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
* EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
* PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
* PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
* NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
* SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
/* TextDemo.java requires no other files. */
import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
import javax.swing.JTextArea;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
public class Chartest extends JPanel implements ActionListener {
protected JTextField textField;
protected JTextArea textArea;
private final static String newline = "\n";
public Chartest() {
super(new GridBagLayout());
// UIManager.getLookAndFeelDefaults().put("TextField.font", new Font("Arial",
// Font.PLAIN, 14));
textField = new JTextField(20);
textField.addActionListener(this);
textArea = new JTextArea(5, 20);
textArea.setEditable(false);
JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
// Add Components to this panel.
GridBagConstraints c = new GridBagConstraints();
c.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;
c.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
add(textField, c);
c.fill = GridBagConstraints.BOTH;
c.weightx = 1.0;
c.weighty = 1.0;
add(scrollPane, c);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) {
String text = textField.getText();
textArea.append(text + newline);
textField.selectAll();
// Make sure the new text is visible, even if there
// was a selection in the text area.
textArea.setCaretPosition(textArea.getDocument().getLength());
}
/**
* Create the GUI and show it. For thread safety,
* this method should be invoked from the
* event dispatch thread.
*/
private static void createAndShowGUI() {
// Create and set up the window.
JFrame frame = new JFrame("TextDemo");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
// Add contents to the window.
frame.add(new Chartest());
// Display the window.
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread:
// creating and showing this application's GUI.
javax.swing.SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
createAndShowGUI();
}
});
}
}
我唯一添加的是以下行：
// UIManager.getLookAndFeelDefaults().put("TextField.font", new Font("Arial", Font.PLAIN, 14));
如果没有这一行，ṣ 在文本字段中输入时会变成一个正方形。如果你取消注释这一行，它就起作用了。查看Javalib文件夹中的fontconfig.properties.src，所有逻辑字体都指向字体，可以显示ṣ：Times，Courier，Arial。我将文件重命名为 fontconfig.properties 并将所有内容更改为 Arial 以覆盖默认值。它没有改变任何东西。
这也不起作用：
UIManager.getLookAndFeelDefaults().put("TextField.font", new Font("Dialog", Font.PLAIN, 14));
尽管 Dialog 在 fontconfig.properties.src 中明显引用了 Arial。
我忽略了什么？我在 Java 10.
逻辑字体的渲染似乎是一个谜。在一项测试 运行 中，我在 JTextArea 中正确呈现了相关字符，但在 JTextField 中却没有，而 textArea.getFont()==textField.getFont() 评估为 true!
fontconfig.properties.src指的是Arial，但它也包含这一行：
exclusion.alphabetic=0700-1e9f,1f00-2017,2020-20ab,20ad-20b8,20bb-20bc,20be-f8ff
和ṣ和Ṣ（U+1e63和U+1e62）正好在这个范围内。
我不知道这些明显的“字母”字符在这里被排除时应该在哪里结束。 This document 只是声明：
This is used if a font with a large character repertoire needs to be placed early in the search sequence (for example, for performance reasons), but some characters that it supports should be drawn with a different font instead.
但我不知道为什么不应该使用配置为“字母”的第一个字体呈现这些字符，而搜索序列中的其他字体应该呈现它们。
此外，这个范围看起来很随意，也就是说，虽然 Ṣ 和 ṣ 在排除范围内，但 Ạ 和 ạ 不在并且可以正确呈现。
当你把这一行变成评论时，即
#exclusion.alphabetic=0700-1e9f,1f00-2017,2020-20ab,20ad-20b8,20bb-20bc,20be-f8ff
问题消失了。
我感觉原来的排除条款导致渲染以嵌入的Lucida字体结束，无法渲染这些字符。在 JDK 11 中，此排除行仍然存在并且更新版本：
exclusion.alphabetic=0700-1cff,1d80-1e9f,1f00-2017,2020-20ab,20ad-20b8,20bb-20bc,20be-f8ff
仍然涵盖 ṣ 和 Ṣ（U+1e63 和 U+1e62）。但是 Lucida 字体已被删除，因此，AWT 代码中对这些字体的硬编码引用也必须被删除。
作为 JDK10 和 JDK11 之间所做更改的最终结果，字符 ṣ 和 Ṣ 可以正确呈现。
所以最重要的是，与其尝试修复 JDK 10 的 AWT 配置，您还可以简单地更新到 JDK 11。
这适用于 OpenJDK 11 和 Oracle JDK 11。它们的字体配置文件仅在许可证 header 注释上有所不同…