Lua: 如何让 os.rename & os.remove 处理包含 unicode 字符的文件名?

Lua: how to make os.rename & os.remove work with filenames containing unicode characters?

我怎样才能使 os.remove 和 os.rename 与包含 unicode 字符的文件名一起工作,只使用股票 Lua 5.3?

filename = "C:\τέστ.txt"
os.rename(filename, filename .. "1")

这没有任何作用。

我也试过了,但还是不行:

filename = "C:\τέστ.txt"
t = {}
for p, c in utf8.codes(filename) do 
  t[#t+1] = c
end
filename = "\" .. table.concat(t, "\")
os.rename(filename, filename .. "1")

有什么想法吗?非常感谢您的帮助! :)

我也尝试在Windows中未修改的Lua 5.3中使用非ASCII文件名,但没有成功。我认为它需要 Lua 的修改版本。我的理解是 Lua 对文件名、命令和环境变量使用基本的 C 函数,但是 Windows 使用 UTF-16 编码并要求您使用宽字符串(这意味着 UTF-16 Windows) 非 ASCII 文件名、命令和环境变量的函数。

我编译并试用了 Lua 的修改版本,它可以很好地处理非 ASCII 文件名:lua-u8w。它使用处理文件等的各种函数的宽字符串版本,并从 UTF-8 转换为 UTF-16 并返回,以便您可以在 Lua 中使用 UTF-8,而 UTF-16 用于处理使用 Windows 操作系统。

在标准实现中,os.rename 调用 C 函数 rename,后者又转到 Windows 上的 CreateFileA。此函数仅适用于 ANSI 字符串,并在内部对字符串执行从 ANSI 到 Unicode 的转换。

这使用您的区域设置指定的系统 ANSI 代码页。如果您的系统设置为希腊语,它可能会使用定义希腊字符的代码页 1253,但其他代码页中的字符不可用。

我不确定,但如果系统代码页设置为 65001 (UTF-8),它可能允许您使用 UTF-8。还有一个叫做AppLocale的应用程序,可以设置为只针对特定的应用程序。

如果可以使用外部库,似乎有 some 可以在系统 API 调用中使用宽字符。

正如其他人指出的那样,您无法使用 Lua 的普通版本做很多事情,因为它使用的是 CreateFileA 而不是此函数的 unicode 版本(CreateFileW).如果可以加载外部模块,则可以使用 winapi,因为它支持检索 "short" 个文件名:

local ok, winapi = pcall(require, "winapi")
if ok then
  winapi.set_encoding(winapi.CP_UTF8)
  local shortpath = winapi.short_path(filepath)
  if shortpath ~= filepath then
    -- have the short path
  end
end

此代码应适用于所有平台(因为它无法在 macOS 和 Linux 不需要此转换的地方加载 winapi)。如果短文件名不可用,转换可能仍然会失败,并且可以使用 fsutil 8dot3name set DRIVE: 0 命令在 Windows 中配置(每个驱动器)。

如果您通过转换 运行 源文件名和目标文件名(并删除目标文件,因为它可能由 short_file 调用创建),重命名将起作用。

正如 lhf 所指出的,您的代码在 MacOS 上运行良好。
您只需要更正 Windows。

以下代码是纯写的Lua;它重新定义了标准 os/io 函数,以便它们在 Windows 中使用 UTF-8 文件名工作。
请注意,您的 Windows 语言环境必须是希腊语,并且您的所有文件名必须仅包含来自 Windows Greek codepage 的符号。在纯 Lua 中的 Windows 上,您无法打开名称中包含任意 UTF-8 符号的文件。

if (os.getenv"os" or ""):match"^Windows" then

   local map_unicode_to_1253 = {
      [0x20AC] = 0x80,
      [0x201A] = 0x82,
      [0x0192] = 0x83,
      [0x201E] = 0x84,
      [0x2026] = 0x85,
      [0x2020] = 0x86,
      [0x2021] = 0x87,
      [0x2030] = 0x89,
      [0x2039] = 0x8B,
      [0x2018] = 0x91,
      [0x2019] = 0x92,
      [0x201C] = 0x93,
      [0x201D] = 0x94,
      [0x2022] = 0x95,
      [0x2013] = 0x96,
      [0x2014] = 0x97,
      [0x2122] = 0x99,
      [0x203A] = 0x9B,
      [0x00A0] = 0xA0,
      [0x0385] = 0xA1,
      [0x0386] = 0xA2,
      [0x00A3] = 0xA3,
      [0x00A4] = 0xA4,
      [0x00A5] = 0xA5,
      [0x00A6] = 0xA6,
      [0x00A7] = 0xA7,
      [0x00A8] = 0xA8,
      [0x00A9] = 0xA9,
      [0x00AB] = 0xAB,
      [0x00AC] = 0xAC,
      [0x00AD] = 0xAD,
      [0x00AE] = 0xAE,
      [0x2015] = 0xAF,
      [0x00B0] = 0xB0,
      [0x00B1] = 0xB1,
      [0x00B2] = 0xB2,
      [0x00B3] = 0xB3,
      [0x0384] = 0xB4,
      [0x00B5] = 0xB5,
      [0x00B6] = 0xB6,
      [0x00B7] = 0xB7,
      [0x0388] = 0xB8,
      [0x0389] = 0xB9,
      [0x038A] = 0xBA,
      [0x00BB] = 0xBB,
      [0x038C] = 0xBC,
      [0x00BD] = 0xBD,
      [0x038E] = 0xBE,
      [0x038F] = 0xBF,
      [0x0390] = 0xC0,
      [0x0391] = 0xC1,
      [0x0392] = 0xC2,
      [0x0393] = 0xC3,
      [0x0394] = 0xC4,
      [0x0395] = 0xC5,
      [0x0396] = 0xC6,
      [0x0397] = 0xC7,
      [0x0398] = 0xC8,
      [0x0399] = 0xC9,
      [0x039A] = 0xCA,
      [0x039B] = 0xCB,
      [0x039C] = 0xCC,
      [0x039D] = 0xCD,
      [0x039E] = 0xCE,
      [0x039F] = 0xCF,
      [0x03A0] = 0xD0,
      [0x03A1] = 0xD1,
      [0x03A3] = 0xD3,
      [0x03A4] = 0xD4,
      [0x03A5] = 0xD5,
      [0x03A6] = 0xD6,
      [0x03A7] = 0xD7,
      [0x03A8] = 0xD8,
      [0x03A9] = 0xD9,
      [0x03AA] = 0xDA,
      [0x03AB] = 0xDB,
      [0x03AC] = 0xDC,
      [0x03AD] = 0xDD,
      [0x03AE] = 0xDE,
      [0x03AF] = 0xDF,
      [0x03B0] = 0xE0,
      [0x03B1] = 0xE1,
      [0x03B2] = 0xE2,
      [0x03B3] = 0xE3,
      [0x03B4] = 0xE4,
      [0x03B5] = 0xE5,
      [0x03B6] = 0xE6,
      [0x03B7] = 0xE7,
      [0x03B8] = 0xE8,
      [0x03B9] = 0xE9,
      [0x03BA] = 0xEA,
      [0x03BB] = 0xEB,
      [0x03BC] = 0xEC,
      [0x03BD] = 0xED,
      [0x03BE] = 0xEE,
      [0x03BF] = 0xEF,
      [0x03C0] = 0xF0,
      [0x03C1] = 0xF1,
      [0x03C2] = 0xF2,
      [0x03C3] = 0xF3,
      [0x03C4] = 0xF4,
      [0x03C5] = 0xF5,
      [0x03C6] = 0xF6,
      [0x03C7] = 0xF7,
      [0x03C8] = 0xF8,
      [0x03C9] = 0xF9,
      [0x03CA] = 0xFA,
      [0x03CB] = 0xFB,
      [0x03CC] = 0xFC,
      [0x03CD] = 0xFD,
      [0x03CE] = 0xFE,
   }
   local char, byte, table_insert, table_concat = string.char, string.byte, table.insert, table.concat

   local function utf8_to_unicode(utf8str, pos)
      -- pos = starting byte position inside input string (default 1)
      pos = pos or 1
      local code, size = byte(utf8str, pos), 1
      if code >= 0xC0 and code < 0xFE then
         local mask = 64
         code = code - 128
         repeat
            local next_byte = byte(utf8str, pos + size) or 0
            if next_byte >= 0x80 and next_byte < 0xC0 then
               code, size = (code - mask - 2) * 64 + next_byte, size + 1
            else
               code, size = byte(utf8str, pos), 1
            end
            mask = mask * 32
         until code < mask
      end
      -- returns code, number of bytes in this utf8 char
      return code, size
   end

   local function utf8_to_1253(utf8str)
      local pos, result_1253 = 1, {}
      while pos <= #utf8str do
         local code, size = utf8_to_unicode(utf8str, pos)
         pos = pos + size
         code = code < 128 and code or map_unicode_to_1253[code] or byte('?')
         table_insert(result_1253, char(code))
      end
      return table_concat(result_1253)
   end

   local orig_os_rename = os.rename

   function os.rename(old, new)
      return orig_os_rename(utf8_to_1253(old), utf8_to_1253(new))
   end

   local orig_os_remove = os.remove

   function os.remove(filename)
      return orig_os_remove(utf8_to_1253(filename))
   end

   local orig_os_execute = os.execute

   function os.execute(command)
      if command then
         command = utf8_to_1253(command)
      end
      return orig_os_execute(command)
   end

   local orig_io_open = io.open

   function io.open(filename, ...)
      return orig_io_open(utf8_to_1253(filename), ...)
   end

   local orig_io_popen = io.popen

   function io.popen(prog, ...)
      return orig_io_popen(utf8_to_1253(prog), ...)
   end

   local orig_io_lines = io.lines

   function io.lines(filename, ...)
      if filename then
         filename = utf8_to_1253(filename)
      end
      return orig_io_lines(filename, ...)
   end

end

更新:
如何确定Windows代码页:

local function get_windows_ansi_codepage()
   local pipe = assert(io.popen[[reg query HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Nls\CodePage /v ACP]])
   local codepage = pipe:read"*a":match"%sACP%s+REG_SZ%s+(.-)%s*$"
   pipe:close()
   return codepage  -- returns string "1253"
end

Egor Skriptunoff 的代码完全解决了我的问题。我稍微修改了他的代码,以便可以插入其他映射表,并根据语言环境使用正确的映射。

谢谢大家的帮助! :)

if (os.getenv"os" or ""):match"^Windows" then

  local char, byte, table_insert, table_concat = string.char, string.byte, table.insert, table.concat

  -- TABLES OF CODEPAGES

  local cp1253 = { -- GREEK
    [0x20AC] = 0x80,  -- EURO SIGN
    [0x201A] = 0x82,  -- SINGLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK
    [0x0192] = 0x83,  -- LATIN SMALL LETTER F WITH HOOK
    [0x201E] = 0x84,  -- DOUBLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK
    [0x2026] = 0x85,  -- HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS
    [0x2020] = 0x86,  -- DAGGER
    [0x2021] = 0x87,  -- DOUBLE DAGGER
    [0x2030] = 0x89,  -- PER MILLE SIGN
    [0x2039] = 0x8B,  -- SINGLE LEFT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK
    [0x2018] = 0x91,  -- LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK
    [0x2019] = 0x92,  -- RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK
    [0x201C] = 0x93,  -- LEFT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK
    [0x201D] = 0x94,  -- RIGHT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK
    [0x2022] = 0x95,  -- BULLET
    [0x2013] = 0x96,  -- EN DASH
    [0x2014] = 0x97,  -- EM DASH
    [0x2122] = 0x99,  -- TRADE MARK SIGN
    [0x203A] = 0x9B,  -- SINGLE RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK
    [0x00A0] = 0xA0,  -- NO-BREAK SPACE
    [0x0385] = 0xA1,  -- GREEK DIALYTIKA TONOS
    [0x0386] = 0xA2,  -- GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH TONOS
    [0x00A3] = 0xA3,  -- POUND SIGN
    [0x00A4] = 0xA4,  -- CURRENCY SIGN
    [0x00A5] = 0xA5,  -- YEN SIGN
    [0x00A6] = 0xA6,  -- BROKEN BAR
    [0x00A7] = 0xA7,  -- SECTION SIGN
    [0x00A8] = 0xA8,  -- DIAERESIS
    [0x00A9] = 0xA9,  -- COPYRIGHT SIGN
    [0x00AB] = 0xAB,  -- LEFT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK
    [0x00AC] = 0xAC,  -- NOT SIGN
    [0x00AD] = 0xAD,  -- SOFT HYPHEN
    [0x00AE] = 0xAE,  -- REGISTERED SIGN
    [0x2015] = 0xAF,  -- HORIZONTAL BAR
    [0x00B0] = 0xB0,  -- DEGREE SIGN
    [0x00B1] = 0xB1,  -- PLUS-MINUS SIGN
    [0x00B2] = 0xB2,  -- SUPERSCRIPT TWO
    [0x00B3] = 0xB3,  -- SUPERSCRIPT THREE
    [0x0384] = 0xB4,  -- GREEK TONOS
    [0x00B5] = 0xB5,  -- MICRO SIGN
    [0x00B6] = 0xB6,  -- PILCROW SIGN
    [0x00B7] = 0xB7,  -- MIDDLE DOT
    [0x0388] = 0xB8,  -- GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON WITH TONOS
    [0x0389] = 0xB9,  -- GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH TONOS
    [0x038A] = 0xBA,  -- GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH TONOS
    [0x00BB] = 0xBB,  -- RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK
    [0x038C] = 0xBC,  -- GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON WITH TONOS
    [0x00BD] = 0xBD,  -- VULGAR FRACTION ONE HALF
    [0x038E] = 0xBE,  -- GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH TONOS
    [0x038F] = 0xBF,  -- GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH TONOS
    [0x0390] = 0xC0,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA AND TONOS
    [0x0391] = 0xC1,  -- GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA
    [0x0392] = 0xC2,  -- GREEK CAPITAL LETTER BETA
    [0x0393] = 0xC3,  -- GREEK CAPITAL LETTER GAMMA
    [0x0394] = 0xC4,  -- GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA
    [0x0395] = 0xC5,  -- GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON
    [0x0396] = 0xC6,  -- GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ZETA
    [0x0397] = 0xC7,  -- GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA
    [0x0398] = 0xC8,  -- GREEK CAPITAL LETTER THETA
    [0x0399] = 0xC9,  -- GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA
    [0x039A] = 0xCA,  -- GREEK CAPITAL LETTER KAPPA
    [0x039B] = 0xCB,  -- GREEK CAPITAL LETTER LAMDA
    [0x039C] = 0xCC,  -- GREEK CAPITAL LETTER MU
    [0x039D] = 0xCD,  -- GREEK CAPITAL LETTER NU
    [0x039E] = 0xCE,  -- GREEK CAPITAL LETTER XI
    [0x039F] = 0xCF,  -- GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON
    [0x03A0] = 0xD0,  -- GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PI
    [0x03A1] = 0xD1,  -- GREEK CAPITAL LETTER RHO
    [0x03A3] = 0xD3,  -- GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SIGMA
    [0x03A4] = 0xD4,  -- GREEK CAPITAL LETTER TAU
    [0x03A5] = 0xD5,  -- GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON
    [0x03A6] = 0xD6,  -- GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PHI
    [0x03A7] = 0xD7,  -- GREEK CAPITAL LETTER CHI
    [0x03A8] = 0xD8,  -- GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PSI
    [0x03A9] = 0xD9,  -- GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA
    [0x03AA] = 0xDA,  -- GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA
    [0x03AB] = 0xDB,  -- GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA
    [0x03AC] = 0xDC,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH TONOS
    [0x03AD] = 0xDD,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH TONOS
    [0x03AE] = 0xDE,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH TONOS
    [0x03AF] = 0xDF,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH TONOS
    [0x03B0] = 0xE0,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA AND TONOS
    [0x03B1] = 0xE1,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA
    [0x03B2] = 0xE2,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA
    [0x03B3] = 0xE3,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA
    [0x03B4] = 0xE4,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA
    [0x03B5] = 0xE5,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON
    [0x03B6] = 0xE6,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER ZETA
    [0x03B7] = 0xE7,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA
    [0x03B8] = 0xE8,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER THETA
    [0x03B9] = 0xE9,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA
    [0x03BA] = 0xEA,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA
    [0x03BB] = 0xEB,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA
    [0x03BC] = 0xEC,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER MU
    [0x03BD] = 0xED,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER NU
    [0x03BE] = 0xEE,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER XI
    [0x03BF] = 0xEF,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON
    [0x03C0] = 0xF0,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER PI
    [0x03C1] = 0xF1,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO
    [0x03C2] = 0xF2,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA
    [0x03C3] = 0xF3,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA
    [0x03C4] = 0xF4,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU
    [0x03C5] = 0xF5,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON
    [0x03C6] = 0xF6,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI
    [0x03C7] = 0xF7,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER CHI
    [0x03C8] = 0xF8,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER PSI
    [0x03C9] = 0xF9,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA
    [0x03CA] = 0xFA,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA
    [0x03CB] = 0xFB,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA
    [0x03CC] = 0xFC,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH TONOS
    [0x03CD] = 0xFD,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH TONOS
    [0x03CE] = 0xFE,  -- GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH TONOS
    }

  local locale = tonumber(string.match(os.setlocale(), "(%d+)$"))
  local CODEPAGE

  -- Use appropriate locale
  if locale == 1253 then -- GREEK
    CODEPAGE = cp1253
  elseif locale == 1254 then -- TURKISH
    CODEPAGE = cp1254
  elseif locale == 1255 then -- HEBREW
    CODEPAGE = cp1255
  -- etc
  end

  local function utf8_to_unicode(utf8str, pos)
    -- pos = starting byte position inside input string (default 1)
    pos = pos or 1
    local code, size = byte(utf8str, pos), 1
    if code >= 0xC0 and code < 0xFE then
      local mask = 64
      code = code - 128
      repeat
        local next_byte = byte(utf8str, pos + size) or 0
        if next_byte >= 0x80 and next_byte < 0xC0 then
          code, size = (code - mask - 2) * 64 + next_byte, size + 1
        else
          code, size = byte(utf8str, pos), 1
        end
        mask = mask * 32
      until code < mask
    end
    -- returns code, number of bytes in this utf8 char
    return code, size
  end

  local function utf8_to_codepage(utf8str)
    local pos, result_codepage = 1, {}
    while pos <= #utf8str do
      local code, size = utf8_to_unicode(utf8str, pos)
      pos = pos + size
      code = code < 128 and code or CODEPAGE[code] or byte('?')
      table_insert(result_codepage, char(code))
    end
    return table_concat(result_codepage)
  end

  local orig_os_rename = os.rename

  function os.rename(old, new)
    return orig_os_rename(utf8_to_codepage(old), utf8_to_codepage(new))
  end

  local orig_os_remove = os.remove

  function os.remove(filename)
    return orig_os_remove(utf8_to_codepage(filename))
  end

  local orig_os_execute = os.execute

  function os.execute(command)
    if command then
       command = utf8_to_codepage(command)
    end
    return orig_os_execute(command)
  end

  local orig_io_open = io.open

  function io.open(filename, ...)
    return orig_io_open(utf8_to_codepage(filename), ...)
  end

  local orig_io_popen = io.popen

  function io.popen(prog, ...)
    return orig_io_popen(utf8_to_codepage(prog), ...)
  end

  local orig_io_lines = io.lines

  function io.lines(filename, ...)
    if filename then
       filename = utf8_to_codepage(filename)
    end
    return orig_io_lines(filename, ...)
  end

end