具有 socket.io 状态的 UseEffect 挂钩在套接字处理程序中不持久

UseEffect hook with socket.io state is not persistent in socket handlers

我有以下反应组件

function ConferencingRoom() {
    const [participants, setParticipants] = useState({})
    console.log('Participants -> ', participants)

    useEffect(() => {
        // messages handlers
        socket.on('message', message => {
            console.log('Message received: ' + message.event)
            switch (message.event) {
                case 'newParticipantArrived':
                    receiveVideo(message.userid, message.username)
                    break
                case 'existingParticipants':
                    onExistingParticipants(
                        message.userid,
                        message.existingUsers
                    )
                    break
                case 'receiveVideoAnswer':
                    onReceiveVideoAnswer(message.senderid, message.sdpAnswer)
                    break
                case 'candidate':
                    addIceCandidate(message.userid, message.candidate)
                    break
                default:
                    break
            }
        })
        return () => {}
    }, [participants])

    // Socket Connetction handlers functions

    const onExistingParticipants = (userid, existingUsers) => {
        console.log('onExistingParticipants Called!!!!!')

        //Add local User
        const user = {
            id: userid,
            username: userName,
            published: true,
            rtcPeer: null
        }

        setParticipants(prevParticpants => ({
            ...prevParticpants,
            [user.id]: user
        }))

        existingUsers.forEach(function(element) {
            receiveVideo(element.id, element.name)
        })
    }

    const onReceiveVideoAnswer = (senderid, sdpAnswer) => {
        console.log('participants in Receive answer -> ', participants)
        console.log('***************')

        // participants[senderid].rtcPeer.processAnswer(sdpAnswer)
    }

    const addIceCandidate = (userid, candidate) => {
        console.log('participants in Receive canditate -> ', participants)
        console.log('***************')
        // participants[userid].rtcPeer.addIceCandidate(candidate)
    }

    const receiveVideo = (userid, username) => {
        console.log('Received Video Called!!!!')
        //Add remote User
        const user = {
            id: userid,
            username: username,
            published: false,
            rtcPeer: null
        }

        setParticipants(prevParticpants => ({
            ...prevParticpants,
            [user.id]: user
        }))
    }

    //Callback for setting rtcPeer after creating it in child component
    const setRtcPeerForUser = (userid, rtcPeer) => {
        setParticipants(prevParticpants => ({
            ...prevParticpants,
            [userid]: { ...prevParticpants[userid], rtcPeer: rtcPeer }
        }))
    }

    return (
            <div id="meetingRoom">
                {Object.values(participants).map(participant => (
                    <Participant
                        key={participant.id}
                        participant={participant}
                        roomName={roomName}
                        setRtcPeerForUser={setRtcPeerForUser}
                        sendMessage={sendMessage}
                    />
                ))}
            </div>
    )
}

它拥有的唯一状态是调用中 participants 的哈希表,使用 useState 钩子来定义它。

然后我使用 useEffect 监听聊天室的套接字事件,只有 4 个事件

然后 之后,我将根据服务器上的执行顺序为这些事件定义 4 个回调处理程序

最后我有另一个回调函数,它被传递给列表中的每个子参与者,以便在子组件创建它的 rtcPeer 对象后,它将它发送给父级以将其设置在参与者哈希表中的参与者对象上

流程是这样的参与者加入房间 -> existingParticipants 事件被调用 -> 本地参与者被创建并添加到参与者 hashTable 然后 -> recieveVideoAnswercandidate 被服务器多次发出,如您在屏幕截图中所见

第一个事件状态为空,随后的两个事件在那里,然后它再次为空,这种模式不断重复一个空状态,然后接下来的两个是正确的,我不知道状态发生了什么

困难的是,您在相互交流时遇到了几个问题,这些问题使您的故障排除变得混乱。

最大的问题是您要设置多个套接字事件处理程序。每次重新渲染,您都在调用 socket.on 而从未调用过 socket.off

我可以想象三种主要方法来处理这个问题:

  • 设置单个套接字事件处理程序,并且只使用 functional updates 作为 participants 状态。使用这种方法,您将为 useEffect 使用一个空的依赖数组,并且您不会在您的效果中引用 participants 任何地方 (包括调用的所有方法)你的消息处理程序)。如果您确实引用了 participants,您将在第一次重新渲染时引用它的旧版本。如果需要对 participants 进行的更改可以使用功能更新轻松完成,那么这可能是最简单的方法。

  • 每次更改 participants 时设置一个新的套接字事件处理程序。为了使其正常工作,您需要删除以前的事件处理程序,否则您将拥有与渲染相同数量的事件处理程序。当你有多个事件处理程序时,创建的第一个将始终使用 participants 的第一个版本(空),第二个将始终使用 participants 的第二个版本,等等。这将起作用并在如何使用现有 participants 状态方面提供了更大的灵活性,但缺点是反复拆除和设置感觉笨拙的套接字事件处理程序。

  • 设置单个套接字事件处理程序并使用 ref 访问当前 participants 状态。这类似于第一种方法,但添加了一个额外的效果,该效果在每次渲染时执行,以将当前 participants 状态设置为 ref,以便消息处理程序可以可靠地访问它。

无论您使用哪种方法,如果您将消息处理程序移出呈现函数并显式传入其依赖项,我认为您将更容易推理代码的作用。

第三个选项提供与第二个选项相同的灵活性,同时避免重复设置套接字事件处理程序,但在管理 participantsRef.

时增加了一点复杂性

第三个选项的代码如下所示(我没有尝试执行这个,所以我不保证我没有小的语法问题):

const messageHandler = (message, participants, setParticipants) => {
  console.log('Message received: ' + message.event);

  const onExistingParticipants = (userid, existingUsers) => {
    console.log('onExistingParticipants Called!!!!!');

    //Add local User
    const user = {
      id: userid,
      username: userName,
      published: true,
      rtcPeer: null
    };

    setParticipants({
      ...participants,
      [user.id]: user
    });

    existingUsers.forEach(function (element) {
      receiveVideo(element.id, element.name)
    })
  };

  const onReceiveVideoAnswer = (senderid, sdpAnswer) => {
    console.log('participants in Receive answer -> ', participants);
    console.log('***************')

    // participants[senderid].rtcPeer.processAnswer(sdpAnswer)
  };

  const addIceCandidate = (userid, candidate) => {
    console.log('participants in Receive canditate -> ', participants);
    console.log('***************');
    // participants[userid].rtcPeer.addIceCandidate(candidate)
  };

  const receiveVideo = (userid, username) => {
    console.log('Received Video Called!!!!');
    //Add remote User
    const user = {
      id: userid,
      username: username,
      published: false,
      rtcPeer: null
    };

    setParticipants({
      ...participants,
      [user.id]: user
    });
  };

  //Callback for setting rtcPeer after creating it in child component
  const setRtcPeerForUser = (userid, rtcPeer) => {
    setParticipants({
      ...participants,
      [userid]: {...participants[userid], rtcPeer: rtcPeer}
    });
  };

  switch (message.event) {
    case 'newParticipantArrived':
      receiveVideo(message.userid, message.username);
      break;
    case 'existingParticipants':
      onExistingParticipants(
          message.userid,
          message.existingUsers
      );
      break;
    case 'receiveVideoAnswer':
      onReceiveVideoAnswer(message.senderid, message.sdpAnswer);
      break;
    case 'candidate':
      addIceCandidate(message.userid, message.candidate);
      break;
    default:
      break;
  }
};

function ConferencingRoom() {
  const [participants, setParticipants] = React.useState({});
  console.log('Participants -> ', participants);
    const participantsRef = React.useRef(participants);
    React.useEffect(() => {
        // This effect executes on every render (no dependency array specified).
        // Any change to the "participants" state will trigger a re-render
        // which will then cause this effect to capture the current "participants"
        // value in "participantsRef.current".
        participantsRef.current = participants;
    });

  React.useEffect(() => {
    // This effect only executes on the initial render so that we aren't setting
    // up the socket repeatedly. This means it can't reliably refer to "participants"
    // because once "setParticipants" is called this would be looking at a stale
    // "participants" reference (it would forever see the initial value of the
    // "participants" state since it isn't in the dependency array).
    // "participantsRef", on the other hand, will be stable across re-renders and 
    // "participantsRef.current" successfully provides the up-to-date value of 
    // "participants" (due to the other effect updating the ref).
    const handler = (message) => {messageHandler(message, participantsRef.current, setParticipants)};
    socket.on('message', handler);
    return () => {
      socket.off('message', handler);
    }
  }, []);

  return (
      <div id="meetingRoom">
        {Object.values(participants).map(participant => (
            <Participant
                key={participant.id}
                participant={participant}
                roomName={roomName}
                setRtcPeerForUser={setRtcPeerForUser}
                sendMessage={sendMessage}
            />
        ))}
      </div>
  );
}

此外,下面是一个模拟上述代码中发生的事情的工作示例,但没有使用 socket 以清楚地显示使用 participantsparticipantsRef 之间的区别.查看控制台并单击两个按钮以查看将 participants 传递给消息处理程序的两种方式之间的区别。

import React from "react";

const messageHandler = (participantsFromRef, staleParticipants) => {
  console.log(
    "participantsFromRef",
    participantsFromRef,
    "staleParticipants",
    staleParticipants
  );
};

export default function ConferencingRoom() {
  const [participants, setParticipants] = React.useState(1);
  const participantsRef = React.useRef(participants);
  const handlerRef = React.useRef();
  React.useEffect(() => {
    participantsRef.current = participants;
  });

  React.useEffect(() => {
    handlerRef.current = message => {
      // eslint will complain about "participants" since it isn't in the
      // dependency array.
      messageHandler(participantsRef.current, participants);
    };
  }, []);

  return (
    <div id="meetingRoom">
      Participants: {participants}
      <br />
      <button onClick={() => setParticipants(prev => prev + 1)}>
        Change Participants
      </button>
      <button onClick={() => handlerRef.current()}>Send message</button>
    </div>
  );
}