Spring Google 中的启动应用程序 App Engine 无法连接到云 SQL
Spring Boot application in Google App Engine can't connect to Cloud SQL
我不确定我还缺少什么，但我的应用程序在开始时失败了：
Message : The connection attempt failed.
at org.flywaydb.core.internal.jdbc.JdbcUtils.openConnection(JdbcUtils.java:60) ~[flyway-core-5.2.4.jar!/:na]
at org.flywaydb.core.internal.database.DatabaseFactory.createDatabase(DatabaseFactory.java:72) ~[flyway-core-5.2.4.jar!/:na]
at org.flywaydb.core.Flyway.execute(Flyway.java:1670) ~[flyway-core-5.2.4.jar!/:na]
at org.flywaydb.core.Flyway.migrate(Flyway.java:1356) ~[flyway-core-5.2.4.jar!/:na]
at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayMigrationInitializer.afterPropertiesSet(FlywayMigrationInitializer.java:65) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.1.7.RELEASE.jar!/:2.1.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1837) ~[spring-beans-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar!/:5.1.9.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1774) ~[spring-beans-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar!/:5.1.9.RELEASE]
... 26 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.postgresql.util.PSQLException: The connection attempt failed.
at org.postgresql.core.v3.ConnectionFactoryImpl.openConnectionImpl(ConnectionFactoryImpl.java:292) ~[postgresql-42.2.6.jar!/:42.2.6]
at org.postgresql.core.ConnectionFactory.openConnection(ConnectionFactory.java:49) ~[postgresql-42.2.6.jar!/:42.2.6]
at org.postgresql.jdbc.PgConnection.<init>(PgConnection.java:195) ~[postgresql-42.2.6.jar!/:42.2.6]
at org.postgresql.Driver.makeConnection(Driver.java:458) ~[postgresql-42.2.6.jar!/:42.2.6]
at org.postgresql.Driver.connect(Driver.java:260) ~[postgresql-42.2.6.jar!/:42.2.6]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.util.DriverDataSource.getConnection(DriverDataSource.java:136) ~[HikariCP-3.2.0.jar!/:na]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.PoolBase.newConnection(PoolBase.java:369) ~[HikariCP-3.2.0.jar!/:na]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.PoolBase.newPoolEntry(PoolBase.java:198) ~[HikariCP-3.2.0.jar!/:na]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.createPoolEntry(HikariPool.java:467) ~[HikariCP-3.2.0.jar!/:na]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.checkFailFast(HikariPool.java:541) ~[HikariCP-3.2.0.jar!/:na]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.<init>(HikariPool.java:115) ~[HikariCP-3.2.0.jar!/:na]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource.getConnection(HikariDataSource.java:112) ~[HikariCP-3.2.0.jar!/:na]
at org.flywaydb.core.internal.jdbc.JdbcUtils.openConnection(JdbcUtils.java:56) ~[flyway-core-5.2.4.jar!/:na]
... 32 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.net.SocketTimeoutException: connect timed out
at java.base/java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketConnect(Native Method) ~[na:na]
at java.base/java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.doConnect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:399) ~[na:na]
at java.base/java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connectToAddress(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:242) ~[na:na]
at java.base/java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:224) ~[na:na]
at java.base/java.net.SocksSocketImpl.connect(SocksSocketImpl.java:403) ~[na:na]
at java.base/java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:591) ~[na:na]
at org.postgresql.core.PGStream.<init>(PGStream.java:75) ~[postgresql-42.2.6.jar!/:42.2.6]
at org.postgresql.core.v3.ConnectionFactoryImpl.tryConnect(ConnectionFactoryImpl.java:91) ~[postgresql-42.2.6.jar!/:42.2.6]
at org.postgresql.core.v3.ConnectionFactoryImpl.openConnectionImpl(ConnectionFactoryImpl.java:192) ~[postgresql-42.2.6.jar!/:42.2.6]
... 44 common frames omitted
我的 app.yaml 是
runtime: java11
manual_scaling:
instances: 1
beta_settings:
cloud_sql_instances: recruiters-wtf:europe-west2:recruiters-wtf=tcp:5432
而我的 application.properties 包含：
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:postgresql://172.17.0.1:5432/${DB_NAME:recruiters_wtf}
spring.datasource.username=${DB_USER}
spring.datasource.password=${DB_PASS}
我还缺少什么？同一应用程序的 Kubernetes 部署正在成功使用该数据库。
根据 kurtisvg 的回答，我将连接字符串更改为：
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:postgresql://google/recruiters_wtf?cloudSqlInstance=recruiters-wtf:europe-west2:recruiters-wtf=tcp:5432&socketFactory=com.google.cloud.sql.postgres.SocketFactory&user=${DB_USER}&password=${DB_PASS}
我已经安装了 postgres-socket-factory。将错误更改为：
Message : The connection attempt failed.
at org.flywaydb.core.internal.jdbc.JdbcUtils.openConnection(JdbcUtils.java:60) ~[flyway-core-5.2.4.jar!/:na]
at org.flywaydb.core.internal.database.DatabaseFactory.createDatabase(DatabaseFactory.java:72) ~[flyway-core-5.2.4.jar!/:na]
at org.flywaydb.core.Flyway.execute(Flyway.java:1670) ~[flyway-core-5.2.4.jar!/:na]
at org.flywaydb.core.Flyway.migrate(Flyway.java:1356) ~[flyway-core-5.2.4.jar!/:na]
at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayMigrationInitializer.afterPropertiesSet(FlywayMigrationInitializer.java:65) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.1.7.RELEASE.jar!/:2.1.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1837) ~[spring-beans-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar!/:5.1.9.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1774) ~[spring-beans-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar!/:5.1.9.RELEASE]
... 26 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.postgresql.util.PSQLException: The connection attempt failed.
at org.postgresql.core.v3.ConnectionFactoryImpl.openConnectionImpl(ConnectionFactoryImpl.java:292) ~[postgresql-42.2.6.jar!/:42.2.6]
at org.postgresql.core.ConnectionFactory.openConnection(ConnectionFactory.java:49) ~[postgresql-42.2.6.jar!/:42.2.6]
at org.postgresql.jdbc.PgConnection.<init>(PgConnection.java:195) ~[postgresql-42.2.6.jar!/:42.2.6]
at org.postgresql.Driver.makeConnection(Driver.java:458) ~[postgresql-42.2.6.jar!/:42.2.6]
at org.postgresql.Driver.connect(Driver.java:260) ~[postgresql-42.2.6.jar!/:42.2.6]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.util.DriverDataSource.getConnection(DriverDataSource.java:136) ~[HikariCP-3.2.0.jar!/:na]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.PoolBase.newConnection(PoolBase.java:369) ~[HikariCP-3.2.0.jar!/:na]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.PoolBase.newPoolEntry(PoolBase.java:198) ~[HikariCP-3.2.0.jar!/:na]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.createPoolEntry(HikariPool.java:467) ~[HikariCP-3.2.0.jar!/:na]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.checkFailFast(HikariPool.java:541) ~[HikariCP-3.2.0.jar!/:na]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.<init>(HikariPool.java:115) ~[HikariCP-3.2.0.jar!/:na]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource.getConnection(HikariDataSource.java:112) ~[HikariCP-3.2.0.jar!/:na]
at org.flywaydb.core.internal.jdbc.JdbcUtils.openConnection(JdbcUtils.java:56) ~[flyway-core-5.2.4.jar!/:na]
... 32 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.io.IOException: No such file or directory
at jnr.unixsocket.UnixSocketChannel.doConnect(UnixSocketChannel.java:127) ~[jnr-unixsocket-0.23.jar!/:na]
at jnr.unixsocket.UnixSocketChannel.connect(UnixSocketChannel.java:136) ~[jnr-unixsocket-0.23.jar!/:na]
at jnr.unixsocket.UnixSocketChannel.open(UnixSocketChannel.java:68) ~[jnr-unixsocket-0.23.jar!/:na]
at com.google.cloud.sql.core.CoreSocketFactory.connect(CoreSocketFactory.java:180) ~[jdbc-socket-factory-core-1.0.15.jar!/:na]
at com.google.cloud.sql.postgres.SocketFactory.createSocket(SocketFactory.java:71) ~[postgres-socket-factory-1.0.15.jar!/:na]
at org.postgresql.core.PGStream.<init>(PGStream.java:67) ~[postgresql-42.2.6.jar!/:42.2.6]
at org.postgresql.core.v3.ConnectionFactoryImpl.tryConnect(ConnectionFactoryImpl.java:91) ~[postgresql-42.2.6.jar!/:42.2.6]
at org.postgresql.core.v3.ConnectionFactoryImpl.openConnectionImpl(ConnectionFactoryImpl.java:192) ~[postgresql-42.2.6.jar!/:42.2.6]
... 44 common frames omitted
我看到您正在使用 DB_NAME:recruiters_wtf，那不应该是 DB_NAME 吗？
尝试使用：spring.cloud.gcp.sql.database-name 如果没有。
另外请确保使用 beta
进行部署
告诉我。
很可能是以下两种情况之一允许您的 k8s 集群连接：
1.您使用的是私有IP
2. 您正在使用Public IP，并将您的k8s集群添加到白名单
如果您使用私有 IP 进行连接，则必须 configure Serverless VPC Access 允许 App Engine 进行连接。
如果您使用的是 Public IP，您将无法将 App Engine 添加到您的白名单，因为无法保证它连接的 IP。相反，我建议使用 Cloud SQL JDBC Socket Factory 来验证您的连接。
如文档所述here：
App Engine standard enviroments do not support connecting to the Cloud
SQL instance using TCP. Your code should not try to access the
instance using an IP address (such as 127.0.0.1 or 172.17.0.1) unless
you have configured Serverless VPC Access.
首先，您需要删除 app.yaml 文件中的 beta_settings 条目，因为：
- 它适用于 App Engine Flexible（并且实际上指示平台启动一个边车容器 运行 CloudSQL 代理，对于 JDBC 的 Socket Factory 不需要它）
- 您在
=tcp:5432 中使用的语法实际上会指示 CloudSQL 代理通过 TCP 端口连接。
所以你的 Base JDBC url 应该看起来像 jdbc:postgresql://google/recruiters_wtf
您的完整数据源 url 将是（注意删除的 =tcp:5432 部分）：
jdbc:postgresql://google/recruiters_wtf?cloudSqlInstance=recruiters-wtf:europe-west2:recruiters-wtf&socketFactory=com.google.cloud.sql.postgres.SocketFactory&user=${DB_USER}&password=${DB_PASS}
最后，请注意，如我在上面提供的 link 中所述：
The PostgreSQL standard requires the Unix socket to have a
.s.PGSQL.5432 suffix in the socket path. Some libraries apply this
suffix automatically, but others require you to specify the socket
path as follows: /cloudsql/INSTANCE_CONNECTION_NAME/.s.PGSQL.5432.
确保您的服务的服务帐户具有以下 IAM 角色之一：
Cloud SQL Client (preferred)
Cloud SQL Editor
Cloud SQL Admin
Or, you can manually assign the following IAM permissions:
cloudsql.instances.connect
cloudsql.instances.get
我不确定我还缺少什么，但我的应用程序在开始时失败了：
Message : The connection attempt failed.
at org.flywaydb.core.internal.jdbc.JdbcUtils.openConnection(JdbcUtils.java:60) ~[flyway-core-5.2.4.jar!/:na]
at org.flywaydb.core.internal.database.DatabaseFactory.createDatabase(DatabaseFactory.java:72) ~[flyway-core-5.2.4.jar!/:na]
at org.flywaydb.core.Flyway.execute(Flyway.java:1670) ~[flyway-core-5.2.4.jar!/:na]
at org.flywaydb.core.Flyway.migrate(Flyway.java:1356) ~[flyway-core-5.2.4.jar!/:na]
at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayMigrationInitializer.afterPropertiesSet(FlywayMigrationInitializer.java:65) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.1.7.RELEASE.jar!/:2.1.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1837) ~[spring-beans-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar!/:5.1.9.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1774) ~[spring-beans-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar!/:5.1.9.RELEASE]
... 26 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.postgresql.util.PSQLException: The connection attempt failed.
at org.postgresql.core.v3.ConnectionFactoryImpl.openConnectionImpl(ConnectionFactoryImpl.java:292) ~[postgresql-42.2.6.jar!/:42.2.6]
at org.postgresql.core.ConnectionFactory.openConnection(ConnectionFactory.java:49) ~[postgresql-42.2.6.jar!/:42.2.6]
at org.postgresql.jdbc.PgConnection.<init>(PgConnection.java:195) ~[postgresql-42.2.6.jar!/:42.2.6]
at org.postgresql.Driver.makeConnection(Driver.java:458) ~[postgresql-42.2.6.jar!/:42.2.6]
at org.postgresql.Driver.connect(Driver.java:260) ~[postgresql-42.2.6.jar!/:42.2.6]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.util.DriverDataSource.getConnection(DriverDataSource.java:136) ~[HikariCP-3.2.0.jar!/:na]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.PoolBase.newConnection(PoolBase.java:369) ~[HikariCP-3.2.0.jar!/:na]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.PoolBase.newPoolEntry(PoolBase.java:198) ~[HikariCP-3.2.0.jar!/:na]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.createPoolEntry(HikariPool.java:467) ~[HikariCP-3.2.0.jar!/:na]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.checkFailFast(HikariPool.java:541) ~[HikariCP-3.2.0.jar!/:na]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.<init>(HikariPool.java:115) ~[HikariCP-3.2.0.jar!/:na]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource.getConnection(HikariDataSource.java:112) ~[HikariCP-3.2.0.jar!/:na]
at org.flywaydb.core.internal.jdbc.JdbcUtils.openConnection(JdbcUtils.java:56) ~[flyway-core-5.2.4.jar!/:na]
... 32 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.net.SocketTimeoutException: connect timed out
at java.base/java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketConnect(Native Method) ~[na:na]
at java.base/java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.doConnect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:399) ~[na:na]
at java.base/java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connectToAddress(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:242) ~[na:na]
at java.base/java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:224) ~[na:na]
at java.base/java.net.SocksSocketImpl.connect(SocksSocketImpl.java:403) ~[na:na]
at java.base/java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:591) ~[na:na]
at org.postgresql.core.PGStream.<init>(PGStream.java:75) ~[postgresql-42.2.6.jar!/:42.2.6]
at org.postgresql.core.v3.ConnectionFactoryImpl.tryConnect(ConnectionFactoryImpl.java:91) ~[postgresql-42.2.6.jar!/:42.2.6]
at org.postgresql.core.v3.ConnectionFactoryImpl.openConnectionImpl(ConnectionFactoryImpl.java:192) ~[postgresql-42.2.6.jar!/:42.2.6]
... 44 common frames omitted
我的 app.yaml 是
runtime: java11
manual_scaling:
instances: 1
beta_settings:
cloud_sql_instances: recruiters-wtf:europe-west2:recruiters-wtf=tcp:5432
而我的 application.properties 包含：
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:postgresql://172.17.0.1:5432/${DB_NAME:recruiters_wtf}
spring.datasource.username=${DB_USER}
spring.datasource.password=${DB_PASS}
我还缺少什么？同一应用程序的 Kubernetes 部署正在成功使用该数据库。
根据 kurtisvg 的回答，我将连接字符串更改为：
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:postgresql://google/recruiters_wtf?cloudSqlInstance=recruiters-wtf:europe-west2:recruiters-wtf=tcp:5432&socketFactory=com.google.cloud.sql.postgres.SocketFactory&user=${DB_USER}&password=${DB_PASS}
我已经安装了 postgres-socket-factory。将错误更改为：
Message : The connection attempt failed.
at org.flywaydb.core.internal.jdbc.JdbcUtils.openConnection(JdbcUtils.java:60) ~[flyway-core-5.2.4.jar!/:na]
at org.flywaydb.core.internal.database.DatabaseFactory.createDatabase(DatabaseFactory.java:72) ~[flyway-core-5.2.4.jar!/:na]
at org.flywaydb.core.Flyway.execute(Flyway.java:1670) ~[flyway-core-5.2.4.jar!/:na]
at org.flywaydb.core.Flyway.migrate(Flyway.java:1356) ~[flyway-core-5.2.4.jar!/:na]
at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayMigrationInitializer.afterPropertiesSet(FlywayMigrationInitializer.java:65) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.1.7.RELEASE.jar!/:2.1.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1837) ~[spring-beans-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar!/:5.1.9.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1774) ~[spring-beans-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar!/:5.1.9.RELEASE]
... 26 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.postgresql.util.PSQLException: The connection attempt failed.
at org.postgresql.core.v3.ConnectionFactoryImpl.openConnectionImpl(ConnectionFactoryImpl.java:292) ~[postgresql-42.2.6.jar!/:42.2.6]
at org.postgresql.core.ConnectionFactory.openConnection(ConnectionFactory.java:49) ~[postgresql-42.2.6.jar!/:42.2.6]
at org.postgresql.jdbc.PgConnection.<init>(PgConnection.java:195) ~[postgresql-42.2.6.jar!/:42.2.6]
at org.postgresql.Driver.makeConnection(Driver.java:458) ~[postgresql-42.2.6.jar!/:42.2.6]
at org.postgresql.Driver.connect(Driver.java:260) ~[postgresql-42.2.6.jar!/:42.2.6]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.util.DriverDataSource.getConnection(DriverDataSource.java:136) ~[HikariCP-3.2.0.jar!/:na]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.PoolBase.newConnection(PoolBase.java:369) ~[HikariCP-3.2.0.jar!/:na]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.PoolBase.newPoolEntry(PoolBase.java:198) ~[HikariCP-3.2.0.jar!/:na]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.createPoolEntry(HikariPool.java:467) ~[HikariCP-3.2.0.jar!/:na]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.checkFailFast(HikariPool.java:541) ~[HikariCP-3.2.0.jar!/:na]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.<init>(HikariPool.java:115) ~[HikariCP-3.2.0.jar!/:na]
at com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource.getConnection(HikariDataSource.java:112) ~[HikariCP-3.2.0.jar!/:na]
at org.flywaydb.core.internal.jdbc.JdbcUtils.openConnection(JdbcUtils.java:56) ~[flyway-core-5.2.4.jar!/:na]
... 32 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.io.IOException: No such file or directory
at jnr.unixsocket.UnixSocketChannel.doConnect(UnixSocketChannel.java:127) ~[jnr-unixsocket-0.23.jar!/:na]
at jnr.unixsocket.UnixSocketChannel.connect(UnixSocketChannel.java:136) ~[jnr-unixsocket-0.23.jar!/:na]
at jnr.unixsocket.UnixSocketChannel.open(UnixSocketChannel.java:68) ~[jnr-unixsocket-0.23.jar!/:na]
at com.google.cloud.sql.core.CoreSocketFactory.connect(CoreSocketFactory.java:180) ~[jdbc-socket-factory-core-1.0.15.jar!/:na]
at com.google.cloud.sql.postgres.SocketFactory.createSocket(SocketFactory.java:71) ~[postgres-socket-factory-1.0.15.jar!/:na]
at org.postgresql.core.PGStream.<init>(PGStream.java:67) ~[postgresql-42.2.6.jar!/:42.2.6]
at org.postgresql.core.v3.ConnectionFactoryImpl.tryConnect(ConnectionFactoryImpl.java:91) ~[postgresql-42.2.6.jar!/:42.2.6]
at org.postgresql.core.v3.ConnectionFactoryImpl.openConnectionImpl(ConnectionFactoryImpl.java:192) ~[postgresql-42.2.6.jar!/:42.2.6]
... 44 common frames omitted
我看到您正在使用 DB_NAME:recruiters_wtf，那不应该是 DB_NAME 吗？
尝试使用：spring.cloud.gcp.sql.database-name 如果没有。
另外请确保使用 beta
进行部署告诉我。
很可能是以下两种情况之一允许您的 k8s 集群连接： 1.您使用的是私有IP 2. 您正在使用Public IP，并将您的k8s集群添加到白名单
如果您使用私有 IP 进行连接，则必须 configure Serverless VPC Access 允许 App Engine 进行连接。
如果您使用的是 Public IP，您将无法将 App Engine 添加到您的白名单，因为无法保证它连接的 IP。相反，我建议使用 Cloud SQL JDBC Socket Factory 来验证您的连接。
如文档所述here：
App Engine standard enviroments do not support connecting to the Cloud SQL instance using TCP. Your code should not try to access the instance using an IP address (such as 127.0.0.1 or 172.17.0.1) unless you have configured Serverless VPC Access.
首先，您需要删除 app.yaml 文件中的 beta_settings 条目，因为：
- 它适用于 App Engine Flexible（并且实际上指示平台启动一个边车容器 运行 CloudSQL 代理，对于 JDBC 的 Socket Factory 不需要它）
- 您在
=tcp:5432中使用的语法实际上会指示 CloudSQL 代理通过 TCP 端口连接。
所以你的 Base JDBC url 应该看起来像 jdbc:postgresql://google/recruiters_wtf
您的完整数据源 url 将是（注意删除的 =tcp:5432 部分）：
jdbc:postgresql://google/recruiters_wtf?cloudSqlInstance=recruiters-wtf:europe-west2:recruiters-wtf&socketFactory=com.google.cloud.sql.postgres.SocketFactory&user=${DB_USER}&password=${DB_PASS}
最后，请注意，如我在上面提供的 link 中所述：
The PostgreSQL standard requires the Unix socket to have a .s.PGSQL.5432 suffix in the socket path. Some libraries apply this suffix automatically, but others require you to specify the socket path as follows: /cloudsql/INSTANCE_CONNECTION_NAME/.s.PGSQL.5432.
确保您的服务的服务帐户具有以下 IAM 角色之一：
Cloud SQL Client (preferred)
Cloud SQL Editor
Cloud SQL Admin
Or, you can manually assign the following IAM permissions:
cloudsql.instances.connect
cloudsql.instances.get