BigQuery - 找到 N 个最近的向量

Question

我有一个 bigquery table，它有一个具有 512 维向量（浮点）的重复数据类型的列。

我想运行一个查询，找到 N 个最相似的向量。

在我的例子中，相似度可以简单地定义为目标向量与数据库中每个向量的内积。

我找到并运行下面的查询，它在 table 中的所有组合中生成此查询：

#standardSQL
CREATE TABLE ml.url_cosine_similarity AS
WITH pairwise AS (
  SELECT t1.url AS id_1, t2.url AS id_2
  FROM `project.dataset.table` t1
  INNER JOIN `project.dataset.table` t2
  ON t1.url < t2.url
)
SELECT id_1, id_2, ( 
  SELECT 
    SUM(value1 * value2)/ 
    SQRT(SUM(value1 * value1))/ 
    SQRT(SUM(value2 * value2))
  FROM UNNEST(a.page_vector) value1 WITH OFFSET pos1 
  JOIN UNNEST(b.page_vector) value2 WITH OFFSET pos2 
  ON pos1 = pos2
  ) cosine_similarity
FROM pairwise t
JOIN `project.dataset.table` a ON a.url = id_1
JOIN `project.dataset.table` b ON b.url = id_2

但是，由于我不太了解数组在 bigquery 中的工作方式，因此我不确定如何更改此查询以接收目标向量和 return N 个邻居。

Answer 1

参见简化示例 - returns table

中前 3 个最接近的向量对

#standardSQL
WITH `project.dataset.table` AS (
  SELECT 1 id, [1,2,3,4,5] page_vector UNION ALL
  SELECT 2, [1,3,4,5,16] UNION ALL
  SELECT 3, [2,3,4,5,6] UNION ALL
  SELECT 4, [2,4,6,8,9] UNION ALL
  SELECT 5, [1,3,4,5,16] UNION ALL
  SELECT 6, [11,12,13,14,15] 
)
SELECT a.id id1, b.id id2, ( 
  SELECT 
    SUM(value1 * value2)/ 
    SQRT(SUM(value1 * value1))/ 
    SQRT(SUM(value2 * value2))
  FROM UNNEST(a.page_vector) value1 WITH OFFSET pos1 
  JOIN UNNEST(b.page_vector) value2 WITH OFFSET pos2 
  ON pos1 = pos2
  ) cosine_similarity
FROM `project.dataset.table` a
JOIN `project.dataset.table` b
ON a.id < b.id
ORDER BY cosine_similarity DESC
LIMIT 3

输出

Row id1 id2 cosine_similarity    
1   2   5   1.0  
2   1   4   0.9986422261219272   
3   3   4   0.9962894120648842

如果您想为 table 中的每个向量输出最近的向量（假设为两个）- 请参见下面的示例

#standardSQL
WITH `project.dataset.table` AS (
  SELECT 1 id, [1,2,3,4,5] page_vector UNION ALL
  SELECT 2, [1,3,4,5,16] UNION ALL
  SELECT 3, [2,3,4,5,6] UNION ALL
  SELECT 4, [2,4,6,8,9] UNION ALL
  SELECT 5, [1,3,4,5,16] UNION ALL
  SELECT 6, [11,12,13,14,15] 
)
SELECT id, ANY_VALUE(page_vector) page_vector, 
  ARRAY_AGG(
    STRUCT(id2 AS id, page_vector2 AS page_vector, cosine_similarity AS cosine_similarity) 
    ORDER BY cosine_similarity DESC 
    LIMIT 2
  ) similar_vectors
FROM (
  SELECT a.id, a.page_vector, 
    b.id id2, b.page_vector page_vector2, ( 
    SELECT 
      SUM(value1 * value2)/ 
      SQRT(SUM(value1 * value1))/ 
      SQRT(SUM(value2 * value2))
    FROM UNNEST(a.page_vector) value1 WITH OFFSET pos1 
    JOIN UNNEST(b.page_vector) value2 WITH OFFSET pos2 
    ON pos1 = pos2
    ) cosine_similarity
  FROM `project.dataset.table` a
  JOIN `project.dataset.table` b
  ON a.id != b.id
)
GROUP BY id
ORDER BY id

这将产生以下输出

BigQuery - 找到 N 个最近的向量

BigQuery - find N nearest vectors

sql

vector

cosine-similarity

google-bigquery