用于引导加载程序设置的链接器文件向量 table
Linker file vector table for bootloader setup
我目前正在尝试使用使用 MCUXPresso 创建的引导加载程序应用程序，它要求我的应用程序起始地址位于 0x80000。根据以下文档：
然而，我生成的 .bin 是使用 Kinetis Design Studio（MCUXpresso 的早期版本）创建的，并且没有像在 MCUXPresso 中那样简单的方式修改矢量 table 的选项。我一直在尝试的是手动修改链接器文件，执行以下操作：
ENTRY(Reset_Handler)
/* Original Memory Map */
MEMORY
{
m_interrupts (RX) : ORIGIN = 0x00000000, LENGTH = 0x00000400
m_flash_config (RX) : ORIGIN = 0x00000400, LENGTH = 0x00000010
m_text (RX) : ORIGIN = 0x00000410, LENGTH = 0x001FFBF0
m_data (RW) : ORIGIN = 0x1FFF0000, LENGTH = 0x00030000
m_data_2 (RW) : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 0x00030000
}
/* Modified Memory Map */
MEMORY
{
m_interrupts (RX) : ORIGIN = 0x00080000, LENGTH = 0x00000400
m_flash_config (RX) : ORIGIN = 0x00080400, LENGTH = 0x00000010
m_text (RX) : ORIGIN = 0x00080410, LENGTH = 0x001FFBF0
m_data (RW) : ORIGIN = 0x1FFF0000, LENGTH = 0x00030000
m_data_2 (RW) : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 0x00030000
}
/* rest of linker file */
/* Define output sections */
SECTIONS
{
/* The startup code goes first into internal flash */
.interrupts :
{
__VECTOR_TABLE = .;
. = ALIGN(4);
KEEP(*(.isr_vector)) /* Startup code */
. = ALIGN(4);
} > m_interrupts
.flash_config :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
KEEP(*(.FlashConfig)) /* Flash Configuration Field (FCF) */
. = ALIGN(4);
} > m_flash_config
/* The program code and other data goes into internal flash */
.text :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
*(.text) /* .text sections (code) */
*(.text*) /* .text* sections (code) */
*(.rodata) /* .rodata sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
*(.rodata*) /* .rodata* sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
*(.glue_7) /* glue arm to thumb code */
*(.glue_7t) /* glue thumb to arm code */
*(.eh_frame)
KEEP (*(.init))
KEEP (*(.fini))
. = ALIGN(4);
} > m_text
.ARM.extab :
{
*(.ARM.extab* .gnu.linkonce.armextab.*)
} > m_text
.ARM :
{
__exidx_start = .;
*(.ARM.exidx*)
__exidx_end = .;
} > m_text
.ctors :
{
__CTOR_LIST__ = .;
/* gcc uses crtbegin.o to find the start of
the constructors, so we make sure it is
first. Because this is a wildcard, it
doesn't matter if the user does not
actually link against crtbegin.o; the
linker won't look for a file to match a
wildcard. The wildcard also means that it
doesn't matter which directory crtbegin.o
is in. */
KEEP (*crtbegin.o(.ctors))
KEEP (*crtbegin?.o(.ctors))
/* We don't want to include the .ctor section from
from the crtend.o file until after the sorted ctors.
The .ctor section from the crtend file contains the
end of ctors marker and it must be last */
KEEP (*(EXCLUDE_FILE(*crtend?.o *crtend.o) .ctors))
KEEP (*(SORT(.ctors.*)))
KEEP (*(.ctors))
__CTOR_END__ = .;
} > m_text
.dtors :
{
__DTOR_LIST__ = .;
KEEP (*crtbegin.o(.dtors))
KEEP (*crtbegin?.o(.dtors))
KEEP (*(EXCLUDE_FILE(*crtend?.o *crtend.o) .dtors))
KEEP (*(SORT(.dtors.*)))
KEEP (*(.dtors))
__DTOR_END__ = .;
} > m_text
.preinit_array :
{
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_start = .);
KEEP (*(.preinit_array*))
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_end = .);
} > m_text
.init_array :
{
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_start = .);
KEEP (*(SORT(.init_array.*)))
KEEP (*(.init_array*))
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_end = .);
} > m_text
.fini_array :
{
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_start = .);
KEEP (*(SORT(.fini_array.*)))
KEEP (*(.fini_array*))
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_end = .);
} > m_text
__etext = .; /* define a global symbol at end of code */
__DATA_ROM = .; /* Symbol is used by startup for data initialization */
.interrupts_ram :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
__VECTOR_RAM__ = .;
__interrupts_ram_start__ = .; /* Create a global symbol at data start */
*(.m_interrupts_ram) /* This is a user defined section */
. += M_VECTOR_RAM_SIZE;
. = ALIGN(4);
__interrupts_ram_end__ = .; /* Define a global symbol at data end */
} > m_data
__VECTOR_RAM = DEFINED(__ram_vector_table__) ? __VECTOR_RAM__ : ORIGIN(m_interrupts);
__RAM_VECTOR_TABLE_SIZE_BYTES = DEFINED(__ram_vector_table__) ? (__interrupts_ram_end__ - __interrupts_ram_start__) : 0x0;
.data : AT(__DATA_ROM)
{
. = ALIGN(4);
__DATA_RAM = .;
__data_start__ = .; /* create a global symbol at data start */
*(.data) /* .data sections */
*(.data*) /* .data* sections */
KEEP(*(.jcr*))
. = ALIGN(4);
__data_end__ = .; /* define a global symbol at data end */
} > m_data
__DATA_END = __DATA_ROM + (__data_end__ - __data_start__);
text_end = ORIGIN(m_text) + LENGTH(m_text);
ASSERT(__DATA_END <= text_end, "region m_text overflowed with text and data")
USB_RAM_GAP = DEFINED(__usb_ram_size__) ? __usb_ram_size__ : 0x800;
/* Uninitialized data section */
.bss :
{
/* This is used by the startup in order to initialize the .bss section */
. = ALIGN(4);
__START_BSS = .;
__bss_start__ = .;
*(.bss)
*(.bss*)
. = ALIGN(512);
USB_RAM_START = .;
. += USB_RAM_GAP;
*(COMMON)
. = ALIGN(4);
__bss_end__ = .;
__END_BSS = .;
} > m_data
.heap :
{
. = ALIGN(8);
__end__ = .;
PROVIDE(end = .);
__HeapBase = .;
. += HEAP_SIZE;
__HeapLimit = .;
__heap_limit = .; /* Add for _sbrk */
} > m_data_2
.stack :
{
. = ALIGN(8);
. += STACK_SIZE;
} > m_data_2
m_usb_bdt USB_RAM_START (NOLOAD) :
{
*(m_usb_bdt)
USB_RAM_BDT_END = .;
}
m_usb_global USB_RAM_BDT_END (NOLOAD) :
{
*(m_usb_global)
}
/* Initializes stack on the end of block */
__StackTop = ORIGIN(m_data_2) + LENGTH(m_data_2);
__StackLimit = __StackTop - STACK_SIZE;
PROVIDE(__stack = __StackTop);
.ARM.attributes 0 : { *(.ARM.attributes) }
ASSERT(__StackLimit >= __HeapLimit, "region m_data_2 overflowed with stack and heap")
}
使用此实现，引导加载程序不会加载应用程序并会重新启动。我假设错误来自我的 .bin 中的错误内存映射。
内存映射应符合以下条件：
我当前使用的 startup_XXX.s 文件：
.syntax unified
.arch armv7-m
.section .isr_vector, "a"
.align 2
.globl __isr_vector
__isr_vector:
.long __StackTop /* Top of Stack */
.long Reset_Handler /* Reset Handler */
.long NMI_Handler /* NMI Handler*/
.long HardFault_Handler /* Hard Fault Handler*/
.long MemManage_Handler /* MPU Fault Handler*/
.long BusFault_Handler /* Bus Fault Handler*/
.long UsageFault_Handler /* Usage Fault Handler*/
.long 0 /* Reserved*/
.long 0 /* Reserved*/
.long 0 /* Reserved*/
.long 0 /* Reserved*/
.long SVC_Handler /* SVCall Handler*/
.long DebugMon_Handler /* Debug Monitor Handler*/
.long 0 /* Reserved*/
.long PendSV_Handler /* PendSV Handler*/
.long SysTick_Handler /* SysTick Handler*/
/* External Interrupts*/
.long DMA0_DMA16_IRQHandler /* DMA Channel 0, 16 Transfer Complete*/
.long DMA1_DMA17_IRQHandler /* DMA Channel 1, 17 Transfer Complete*/
.long DMA2_DMA18_IRQHandler /* DMA Channel 2, 18 Transfer Complete*/
.long DMA3_DMA19_IRQHandler /* DMA Channel 3, 19 Transfer Complete*/
.long DMA4_DMA20_IRQHandler /* DMA Channel 4, 20 Transfer Complete*/
.long DMA5_DMA21_IRQHandler /* DMA Channel 5, 21 Transfer Complete*/
.long DMA6_DMA22_IRQHandler /* DMA Channel 6, 22 Transfer Complete*/
.long DMA7_DMA23_IRQHandler /* DMA Channel 7, 23 Transfer Complete*/
.long DMA8_DMA24_IRQHandler /* DMA Channel 8, 24 Transfer Complete*/
.long DMA9_DMA25_IRQHandler /* DMA Channel 9, 25 Transfer Complete*/
.long DMA10_DMA26_IRQHandler /* DMA Channel 10, 26 Transfer Complete*/
.long DMA11_DMA27_IRQHandler /* DMA Channel 11, 27 Transfer Complete*/
.long DMA12_DMA28_IRQHandler /* DMA Channel 12, 28 Transfer Complete*/
.long DMA13_DMA29_IRQHandler /* DMA Channel 13, 29 Transfer Complete*/
.long DMA14_DMA30_IRQHandler /* DMA Channel 14, 30 Transfer Complete*/
.long DMA15_DMA31_IRQHandler /* DMA Channel 15, 31 Transfer Complete*/
.long DMA_Error_IRQHandler /* DMA Error Interrupt*/
.long MCM_IRQHandler /* Normal Interrupt*/
.long FTFE_IRQHandler /* FTFE Command complete interrupt*/
.long Read_Collision_IRQHandler /* Read Collision Interrupt*/
.long LVD_LVW_IRQHandler /* Low Voltage Detect, Low Voltage Warning*/
.long LLWU_IRQHandler /* Low Leakage Wakeup Unit*/
.long WDOG_EWM_IRQHandler /* WDOG Interrupt*/
.long RNG_IRQHandler /* RNG Interrupt*/
.long I2C0_IRQHandler /* I2C0 interrupt*/
.long I2C1_IRQHandler /* I2C1 interrupt*/
.long SPI0_IRQHandler /* SPI0 Interrupt*/
.long SPI1_IRQHandler /* SPI1 Interrupt*/
.long I2S0_Tx_IRQHandler /* I2S0 transmit interrupt*/
.long I2S0_Rx_IRQHandler /* I2S0 receive interrupt*/
.long Reserved46_IRQHandler /* Reserved interrupt 46*/
.long UART0_RX_TX_IRQHandler /* UART0 Receive/Transmit interrupt*/
.long UART0_ERR_IRQHandler /* UART0 Error interrupt*/
.long UART1_RX_TX_IRQHandler /* UART1 Receive/Transmit interrupt*/
.long UART1_ERR_IRQHandler /* UART1 Error interrupt*/
.long UART2_RX_TX_IRQHandler /* UART2 Receive/Transmit interrupt*/
.long UART2_ERR_IRQHandler /* UART2 Error interrupt*/
.long UART3_RX_TX_IRQHandler /* UART3 Receive/Transmit interrupt*/
.long UART3_ERR_IRQHandler /* UART3 Error interrupt*/
.long ADC0_IRQHandler /* ADC0 interrupt*/
.long CMP0_IRQHandler /* CMP0 interrupt*/
.long CMP1_IRQHandler /* CMP1 interrupt*/
.long FTM0_IRQHandler /* FTM0 fault, overflow and channels interrupt*/
.long FTM1_IRQHandler /* FTM1 fault, overflow and channels interrupt*/
.long FTM2_IRQHandler /* FTM2 fault, overflow and channels interrupt*/
.long CMT_IRQHandler /* CMT interrupt*/
.long RTC_IRQHandler /* RTC interrupt*/
.long RTC_Seconds_IRQHandler /* RTC seconds interrupt*/
.long PIT0_IRQHandler /* PIT timer channel 0 interrupt*/
.long PIT1_IRQHandler /* PIT timer channel 1 interrupt*/
.long PIT2_IRQHandler /* PIT timer channel 2 interrupt*/
.long PIT3_IRQHandler /* PIT timer channel 3 interrupt*/
.long PDB0_IRQHandler /* PDB0 Interrupt*/
.long USB0_IRQHandler /* USB0 interrupt*/
.long USBDCD_IRQHandler /* USBDCD Interrupt*/
.long Reserved71_IRQHandler /* Reserved interrupt 71*/
.long DAC0_IRQHandler /* DAC0 interrupt*/
.long MCG_IRQHandler /* MCG Interrupt*/
.long LPTMR0_IRQHandler /* LPTimer interrupt*/
.long PORTA_IRQHandler /* Port A interrupt*/
.long PORTB_IRQHandler /* Port B interrupt*/
.long PORTC_IRQHandler /* Port C interrupt*/
.long PORTD_IRQHandler /* Port D interrupt*/
.long PORTE_IRQHandler /* Port E interrupt*/
.long SWI_IRQHandler /* Software interrupt*/
.long SPI2_IRQHandler /* SPI2 Interrupt*/
.long UART4_RX_TX_IRQHandler /* UART4 Receive/Transmit interrupt*/
.long UART4_ERR_IRQHandler /* UART4 Error interrupt*/
.long Reserved84_IRQHandler /* Reserved interrupt 84*/
.long Reserved85_IRQHandler /* Reserved interrupt 85*/
.long CMP2_IRQHandler /* CMP2 interrupt*/
.long FTM3_IRQHandler /* FTM3 fault, overflow and channels interrupt*/
.long DAC1_IRQHandler /* DAC1 interrupt*/
.long ADC1_IRQHandler /* ADC1 interrupt*/
.long I2C2_IRQHandler /* I2C2 interrupt*/
.long CAN0_ORed_Message_buffer_IRQHandler /* CAN0 OR'd message buffers interrupt*/
.long CAN0_Bus_Off_IRQHandler /* CAN0 bus off interrupt*/
.long CAN0_Error_IRQHandler /* CAN0 error interrupt*/
.long CAN0_Tx_Warning_IRQHandler /* CAN0 Tx warning interrupt*/
.long CAN0_Rx_Warning_IRQHandler /* CAN0 Rx warning interrupt*/
.long CAN0_Wake_Up_IRQHandler /* CAN0 wake up interrupt*/
.long SDHC_IRQHandler /* SDHC interrupt*/
.long ENET_1588_Timer_IRQHandler /* Ethernet MAC IEEE 1588 Timer Interrupt*/
.long ENET_Transmit_IRQHandler /* Ethernet MAC Transmit Interrupt*/
.long ENET_Receive_IRQHandler /* Ethernet MAC Receive Interrupt*/
.long ENET_Error_IRQHandler /* Ethernet MAC Error and miscelaneous Interrupt*/
.long LPUART0_IRQHandler /* LPUART0 status/error interrupt*/
.long TSI0_IRQHandler /* TSI0 interrupt*/
.long TPM1_IRQHandler /* TPM1 fault, overflow and channels interrupt*/
.long TPM2_IRQHandler /* TPM2 fault, overflow and channels interrupt*/
.long USBHSDCD_IRQHandler /* USBHSDCD, USBHS Phy Interrupt*/
.long I2C3_IRQHandler /* I2C3 interrupt*/
.long CMP3_IRQHandler /* CMP3 interrupt*/
.long USBHS_IRQHandler /* USB high speed OTG interrupt*/
.long CAN1_ORed_Message_buffer_IRQHandler /* CAN1 OR'd message buffers interrupt*/
.long CAN1_Bus_Off_IRQHandler /* CAN1 bus off interrupt*/
.long CAN1_Error_IRQHandler /* CAN1 error interrupt*/
.long CAN1_Tx_Warning_IRQHandler /* CAN1 Tx warning interrupt*/
.long CAN1_Rx_Warning_IRQHandler /* CAN1 Rx warning interrupt*/
.long CAN1_Wake_Up_IRQHandler /* CAN1 wake up interrupt*/
.long DefaultISR /* 116*/
.long DefaultISR /* 117*/
.long DefaultISR /* 118*/
.long DefaultISR /* 119*/
.long DefaultISR /* 120*/
.long DefaultISR /* 121*/
.long DefaultISR /* 122*/
.long DefaultISR /* 123*/
.long DefaultISR /* 124*/
.long DefaultISR /* 125*/
(...)
.long DefaultISR /* 245*/
.long DefaultISR /* 246*/
.long DefaultISR /* 247*/
.long DefaultISR /* 248*/
.long DefaultISR /* 249*/
.long DefaultISR /* 250*/
.long DefaultISR /* 251*/
.long DefaultISR /* 252*/
.long DefaultISR /* 253*/
.long DefaultISR /* 254*/
.long 0xFFFFFFFF /* Reserved for user TRIM value*/
.size __isr_vector, . - __isr_vector
/* Flash Configuration */
.section .FlashConfig, "a"
.long 0xFFFFFFFF
.long 0xFFFFFFFF
.long 0xFFFFFFFF
.long 0xFFFFFFFE
.text
.thumb
/* Reset Handler */
.thumb_func
.align 2
.globl Reset_Handler
.weak Reset_Handler
.type Reset_Handler, %function
Reset_Handler:
cpsid i /* Mask interrupts */
.equ VTOR, 0xE000ED08
ldr r0, =VTOR
ldr r1, =__isr_vector
str r1, [r0]
ldr r2, [r1]
msr msp, r2
#ifndef __NO_SYSTEM_INIT
ldr r0,=SystemInit
blx r0
#endif
/* Loop to copy data from read only memory to RAM. The ranges
* of copy from/to are specified by following symbols evaluated in
* linker script.
* __etext: End of code section, i.e., begin of data sections to copy from.
* __data_start__/__data_end__: RAM address range that data should be
* copied to. Both must be aligned to 4 bytes boundary. */
ldr r1, =__etext
ldr r2, =__data_start__
ldr r3, =__data_end__
#if 1
/* Here are two copies of loop implemenations. First one favors code size
* and the second one favors performance. Default uses the first one.
* Change to "#if 0" to use the second one */
.LC0:
cmp r2, r3
ittt lt
ldrlt r0, [r1], #4
strlt r0, [r2], #4
blt .LC0
#else
subs r3, r2
ble .LC1
.LC0:
subs r3, #4
ldr r0, [r1, r3]
str r0, [r2, r3]
bgt .LC0
.LC1:
#endif
#ifdef __STARTUP_CLEAR_BSS
/* This part of work usually is done in C library startup code. Otherwise,
* define this macro to enable it in this startup.
*
* Loop to zero out BSS section, which uses following symbols
* in linker script:
* __bss_start__: start of BSS section. Must align to 4
* __bss_end__: end of BSS section. Must align to 4
*/
ldr r1, =__bss_start__
ldr r2, =__bss_end__
movs r0, 0
.LC2:
cmp r1, r2
itt lt
strlt r0, [r1], #4
blt .LC2
#endif /* __STARTUP_CLEAR_BSS */
cpsie i /* Unmask interrupts */
#ifndef __START
#define __START _start
#endif
#ifndef __ATOLLIC__
ldr r0,=__START
blx r0
#else
ldr r0,=__libc_init_array
blx r0
ldr r0,=main
bx r0
#endif
.pool
[无法粘贴整个文件]
我解决问题的尝试来自this tutorial。
应该把启动函数放在0x80000位置，这样bootloader才能正确执行。
另一个问题是中断。既然你有一个引导程序，我猜它是 运行 整个程序生命，你不应该更换它的中断向量。引导加载程序可能具有一些设置中断的功能，因此您应该使用这些功能，而不是重新定位 ISR 向量。
将启动函数放在已知地址：
由于您使用的是 MCUXpresso 和 KDS，我想您使用的是 NXP 提供的基于 GCC 的工具链。
如果是这样，您将需要使用 sections 以便在定义的地址设置函数。在SDK中，启动函数位于文件startup_XXX.S中，而在我的文件中（不知道他们是否一直使用相同的命名）它被称为Reset_Handler。
您也可以从您的 ISR 向量中找到它，因为它是第二个条目（重置条目）。
在我的例子中，它的定义如下：
.section .reset_handler_section, "a" //EDIT 3: This is the line added
.thumb_func
.align 2
.globl Reset_Handler
.weak Reset_Handler
.type Reset_Handler, %function
Reset_Handler:
//Actual reset code follows
你的 ASM 代码中应该有类似的东西。
现在，一旦您知道哪个是您的启动函数，就应该将它放在 0x80000 处。
这是在链接器文件的 SECTIONS 部分中完成的。
但是首先，您的新内存映射应该只包含您可以修改的内存，这是您所附图像中名为 "Application Area" 的部分。
因此，我们应用程序的内存映射应该是：
MEMORY
{
m_text (RX) : ORIGIN = 0x00080000, LENGTH = 0x00080000
m_data (RWX) : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 0x00030000
}
警告：您应该知道您的数据 (m_data) 可以在 RAM 中的何处开始，因为您不想覆盖引导加载程序数据。你没有在你的图像中显示它，所以我只是在 RAM 中选择了一个 ORIGIN，但你应该检查一下。
另请注意，没有中断，也没有 flash_config 部分。我假设bootloader已经有了这些，所以你不需要再添加它们。
定义内存映射后，您可以将所有程序添加到其中：
SECTIONS
{
/* The startup code*/
.startup_text :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
KEEP(*(.reset_handler_section)) /* Startup data */ /*EDIT 3: This is the modification*/
KEEP(*(.isr_vector)) /* EDIT 6: Startup code. It is needed in order to avoid modifying source files. It is not used, since the reset vector is the defined in the Bootloader build */
*(.text) /* .text sections (code) */
*(.text*) /* .text* sections (code) */
*(.rodata) /* .rodata sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
*(.rodata*) /* .rodata* sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
*(.glue_7) /* glue arm to thumb code */
*(.glue_7t) /* glue thumb to arm code */
KEEP (*(.init)) /*EDIT 2: The init section. If there are more
* sections like this, just keep adding them here.
*/
} > m_text
/*EDIT 5. Added entire section*/
.ARM :
{
__exidx_start = .;
*(.ARM.exidx*)
__exidx_end = .;
} > m_text
__DATA_ROM = .; /* Symbol is used by startup for data initialization */ /*EDIT 7: This symbol must be placed at the end of the text sections, so the data can follow all the code in ROM*/
__etext = .; /* define a global symbol at end of code */ /*EDIT 4*/
/*The application variables and other data in RAM*/
.data : AT(__DATA_ROM)
{
. = ALIGN(4);
__DATA_RAM = .;
__data_start__ = .; /* create a global symbol at data start */
*(.data) /* .data sections */
*(.data*) /* .data* sections */
KEEP(*(.jcr*))
KEEP(*(.ramSection))
. = ALIGN(4);
__data_end__ = .; /* define a global symbol at data end */
} > m_data
/* Uninitialized data section */
.bss :
{
/* This is used by the startup in order to initialize the .bss section */
. = ALIGN(4);
__START_BSS = .;
__bss_start__ = .;
*(.bss)
*(.bss*)
*(COMMON)
. = ALIGN(4);
__bss_end__ = .;
__END_BSS = .;
} > m_data
}
作为一个小的解释，我们告诉链接器将“.startup_text”（这可以是任何名称）部分内的所有内容放入 m_text 内存中，始终按顺序放置。因此，在 m_text 的第一个地址（即 0x80000）中，它将放置 Reset_Handler。在它之后，它将放置所有其他函数（.text）和常量数据（rodata）。
我们还定义了符号__DATA_ROM在节的最后地址。
在所有常量数据之后，我们还附加了初始化数据。此数据具有将进入 ROM 的常量值，但链接器还应在 RAM 中为它们保留内存，以便能够修改它们。这就是 data 部分所做的。
编辑 1：为了让链接器知道从哪里开始您的程序，从而能够查看需要什么代码，您必须告诉它哪一个是您程序的启动点，因为链接器不会了解芯片特定的硬件（如复位向量入口）。这是通过将其添加到链接器文件的开头，MEMORY 部分之前来完成的：
/* Entry Point */
ENTRY(Reset_Handler)
STACK_SIZE = 0x0400;
M_VECTOR_RAM_SIZE = 0x0400;
我不知道尺寸的定义是否真的需要，但以防万一我也把它们也放在这里。
添加到解决方案中：
我的问题中链接器文件的修改确实是正确的。
MEMORY
{
m_interrupts (RX) : ORIGIN = 0x00080000, LENGTH = 0x00000400
m_flash_config (RX) : ORIGIN = 0x00080400, LENGTH = 0x00000010
m_text (RX) : ORIGIN = 0x00080410, LENGTH = 0x001FFBF0
m_data (RW) : ORIGIN = 0x1FFF0000, LENGTH = 0x00030000
m_data_2 (RW) : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 0x00030000
}
无法加载程序的问题是因为它运行的是实时操作系统。因此我后来意识到我的问题的解决方案不在链接器文件上，而是在重新启动似乎影响 RTOS 的 SysTick 时钟上，因此它没有启动加载的应用程序。
如果您使用的是实时操作系统，请确保在从引导加载程序加载应用程序之前重置系统时钟。这似乎解决了我的问题。
但是，建议的链接器文件解决方案确实有效，但问题来自不同的来源。
我目前正在尝试使用使用 MCUXPresso 创建的引导加载程序应用程序，它要求我的应用程序起始地址位于 0x80000。根据以下文档：
然而，我生成的 .bin 是使用 Kinetis Design Studio（MCUXpresso 的早期版本）创建的，并且没有像在 MCUXPresso 中那样简单的方式修改矢量 table 的选项。我一直在尝试的是手动修改链接器文件，执行以下操作：
ENTRY(Reset_Handler)
/* Original Memory Map */
MEMORY
{
m_interrupts (RX) : ORIGIN = 0x00000000, LENGTH = 0x00000400
m_flash_config (RX) : ORIGIN = 0x00000400, LENGTH = 0x00000010
m_text (RX) : ORIGIN = 0x00000410, LENGTH = 0x001FFBF0
m_data (RW) : ORIGIN = 0x1FFF0000, LENGTH = 0x00030000
m_data_2 (RW) : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 0x00030000
}
/* Modified Memory Map */
MEMORY
{
m_interrupts (RX) : ORIGIN = 0x00080000, LENGTH = 0x00000400
m_flash_config (RX) : ORIGIN = 0x00080400, LENGTH = 0x00000010
m_text (RX) : ORIGIN = 0x00080410, LENGTH = 0x001FFBF0
m_data (RW) : ORIGIN = 0x1FFF0000, LENGTH = 0x00030000
m_data_2 (RW) : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 0x00030000
}
/* rest of linker file */
/* Define output sections */
SECTIONS
{
/* The startup code goes first into internal flash */
.interrupts :
{
__VECTOR_TABLE = .;
. = ALIGN(4);
KEEP(*(.isr_vector)) /* Startup code */
. = ALIGN(4);
} > m_interrupts
.flash_config :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
KEEP(*(.FlashConfig)) /* Flash Configuration Field (FCF) */
. = ALIGN(4);
} > m_flash_config
/* The program code and other data goes into internal flash */
.text :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
*(.text) /* .text sections (code) */
*(.text*) /* .text* sections (code) */
*(.rodata) /* .rodata sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
*(.rodata*) /* .rodata* sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
*(.glue_7) /* glue arm to thumb code */
*(.glue_7t) /* glue thumb to arm code */
*(.eh_frame)
KEEP (*(.init))
KEEP (*(.fini))
. = ALIGN(4);
} > m_text
.ARM.extab :
{
*(.ARM.extab* .gnu.linkonce.armextab.*)
} > m_text
.ARM :
{
__exidx_start = .;
*(.ARM.exidx*)
__exidx_end = .;
} > m_text
.ctors :
{
__CTOR_LIST__ = .;
/* gcc uses crtbegin.o to find the start of
the constructors, so we make sure it is
first. Because this is a wildcard, it
doesn't matter if the user does not
actually link against crtbegin.o; the
linker won't look for a file to match a
wildcard. The wildcard also means that it
doesn't matter which directory crtbegin.o
is in. */
KEEP (*crtbegin.o(.ctors))
KEEP (*crtbegin?.o(.ctors))
/* We don't want to include the .ctor section from
from the crtend.o file until after the sorted ctors.
The .ctor section from the crtend file contains the
end of ctors marker and it must be last */
KEEP (*(EXCLUDE_FILE(*crtend?.o *crtend.o) .ctors))
KEEP (*(SORT(.ctors.*)))
KEEP (*(.ctors))
__CTOR_END__ = .;
} > m_text
.dtors :
{
__DTOR_LIST__ = .;
KEEP (*crtbegin.o(.dtors))
KEEP (*crtbegin?.o(.dtors))
KEEP (*(EXCLUDE_FILE(*crtend?.o *crtend.o) .dtors))
KEEP (*(SORT(.dtors.*)))
KEEP (*(.dtors))
__DTOR_END__ = .;
} > m_text
.preinit_array :
{
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_start = .);
KEEP (*(.preinit_array*))
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_end = .);
} > m_text
.init_array :
{
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_start = .);
KEEP (*(SORT(.init_array.*)))
KEEP (*(.init_array*))
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_end = .);
} > m_text
.fini_array :
{
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_start = .);
KEEP (*(SORT(.fini_array.*)))
KEEP (*(.fini_array*))
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_end = .);
} > m_text
__etext = .; /* define a global symbol at end of code */
__DATA_ROM = .; /* Symbol is used by startup for data initialization */
.interrupts_ram :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
__VECTOR_RAM__ = .;
__interrupts_ram_start__ = .; /* Create a global symbol at data start */
*(.m_interrupts_ram) /* This is a user defined section */
. += M_VECTOR_RAM_SIZE;
. = ALIGN(4);
__interrupts_ram_end__ = .; /* Define a global symbol at data end */
} > m_data
__VECTOR_RAM = DEFINED(__ram_vector_table__) ? __VECTOR_RAM__ : ORIGIN(m_interrupts);
__RAM_VECTOR_TABLE_SIZE_BYTES = DEFINED(__ram_vector_table__) ? (__interrupts_ram_end__ - __interrupts_ram_start__) : 0x0;
.data : AT(__DATA_ROM)
{
. = ALIGN(4);
__DATA_RAM = .;
__data_start__ = .; /* create a global symbol at data start */
*(.data) /* .data sections */
*(.data*) /* .data* sections */
KEEP(*(.jcr*))
. = ALIGN(4);
__data_end__ = .; /* define a global symbol at data end */
} > m_data
__DATA_END = __DATA_ROM + (__data_end__ - __data_start__);
text_end = ORIGIN(m_text) + LENGTH(m_text);
ASSERT(__DATA_END <= text_end, "region m_text overflowed with text and data")
USB_RAM_GAP = DEFINED(__usb_ram_size__) ? __usb_ram_size__ : 0x800;
/* Uninitialized data section */
.bss :
{
/* This is used by the startup in order to initialize the .bss section */
. = ALIGN(4);
__START_BSS = .;
__bss_start__ = .;
*(.bss)
*(.bss*)
. = ALIGN(512);
USB_RAM_START = .;
. += USB_RAM_GAP;
*(COMMON)
. = ALIGN(4);
__bss_end__ = .;
__END_BSS = .;
} > m_data
.heap :
{
. = ALIGN(8);
__end__ = .;
PROVIDE(end = .);
__HeapBase = .;
. += HEAP_SIZE;
__HeapLimit = .;
__heap_limit = .; /* Add for _sbrk */
} > m_data_2
.stack :
{
. = ALIGN(8);
. += STACK_SIZE;
} > m_data_2
m_usb_bdt USB_RAM_START (NOLOAD) :
{
*(m_usb_bdt)
USB_RAM_BDT_END = .;
}
m_usb_global USB_RAM_BDT_END (NOLOAD) :
{
*(m_usb_global)
}
/* Initializes stack on the end of block */
__StackTop = ORIGIN(m_data_2) + LENGTH(m_data_2);
__StackLimit = __StackTop - STACK_SIZE;
PROVIDE(__stack = __StackTop);
.ARM.attributes 0 : { *(.ARM.attributes) }
ASSERT(__StackLimit >= __HeapLimit, "region m_data_2 overflowed with stack and heap")
}
使用此实现，引导加载程序不会加载应用程序并会重新启动。我假设错误来自我的 .bin 中的错误内存映射。
内存映射应符合以下条件：
我当前使用的 startup_XXX.s 文件：
.syntax unified
.arch armv7-m
.section .isr_vector, "a"
.align 2
.globl __isr_vector
__isr_vector:
.long __StackTop /* Top of Stack */
.long Reset_Handler /* Reset Handler */
.long NMI_Handler /* NMI Handler*/
.long HardFault_Handler /* Hard Fault Handler*/
.long MemManage_Handler /* MPU Fault Handler*/
.long BusFault_Handler /* Bus Fault Handler*/
.long UsageFault_Handler /* Usage Fault Handler*/
.long 0 /* Reserved*/
.long 0 /* Reserved*/
.long 0 /* Reserved*/
.long 0 /* Reserved*/
.long SVC_Handler /* SVCall Handler*/
.long DebugMon_Handler /* Debug Monitor Handler*/
.long 0 /* Reserved*/
.long PendSV_Handler /* PendSV Handler*/
.long SysTick_Handler /* SysTick Handler*/
/* External Interrupts*/
.long DMA0_DMA16_IRQHandler /* DMA Channel 0, 16 Transfer Complete*/
.long DMA1_DMA17_IRQHandler /* DMA Channel 1, 17 Transfer Complete*/
.long DMA2_DMA18_IRQHandler /* DMA Channel 2, 18 Transfer Complete*/
.long DMA3_DMA19_IRQHandler /* DMA Channel 3, 19 Transfer Complete*/
.long DMA4_DMA20_IRQHandler /* DMA Channel 4, 20 Transfer Complete*/
.long DMA5_DMA21_IRQHandler /* DMA Channel 5, 21 Transfer Complete*/
.long DMA6_DMA22_IRQHandler /* DMA Channel 6, 22 Transfer Complete*/
.long DMA7_DMA23_IRQHandler /* DMA Channel 7, 23 Transfer Complete*/
.long DMA8_DMA24_IRQHandler /* DMA Channel 8, 24 Transfer Complete*/
.long DMA9_DMA25_IRQHandler /* DMA Channel 9, 25 Transfer Complete*/
.long DMA10_DMA26_IRQHandler /* DMA Channel 10, 26 Transfer Complete*/
.long DMA11_DMA27_IRQHandler /* DMA Channel 11, 27 Transfer Complete*/
.long DMA12_DMA28_IRQHandler /* DMA Channel 12, 28 Transfer Complete*/
.long DMA13_DMA29_IRQHandler /* DMA Channel 13, 29 Transfer Complete*/
.long DMA14_DMA30_IRQHandler /* DMA Channel 14, 30 Transfer Complete*/
.long DMA15_DMA31_IRQHandler /* DMA Channel 15, 31 Transfer Complete*/
.long DMA_Error_IRQHandler /* DMA Error Interrupt*/
.long MCM_IRQHandler /* Normal Interrupt*/
.long FTFE_IRQHandler /* FTFE Command complete interrupt*/
.long Read_Collision_IRQHandler /* Read Collision Interrupt*/
.long LVD_LVW_IRQHandler /* Low Voltage Detect, Low Voltage Warning*/
.long LLWU_IRQHandler /* Low Leakage Wakeup Unit*/
.long WDOG_EWM_IRQHandler /* WDOG Interrupt*/
.long RNG_IRQHandler /* RNG Interrupt*/
.long I2C0_IRQHandler /* I2C0 interrupt*/
.long I2C1_IRQHandler /* I2C1 interrupt*/
.long SPI0_IRQHandler /* SPI0 Interrupt*/
.long SPI1_IRQHandler /* SPI1 Interrupt*/
.long I2S0_Tx_IRQHandler /* I2S0 transmit interrupt*/
.long I2S0_Rx_IRQHandler /* I2S0 receive interrupt*/
.long Reserved46_IRQHandler /* Reserved interrupt 46*/
.long UART0_RX_TX_IRQHandler /* UART0 Receive/Transmit interrupt*/
.long UART0_ERR_IRQHandler /* UART0 Error interrupt*/
.long UART1_RX_TX_IRQHandler /* UART1 Receive/Transmit interrupt*/
.long UART1_ERR_IRQHandler /* UART1 Error interrupt*/
.long UART2_RX_TX_IRQHandler /* UART2 Receive/Transmit interrupt*/
.long UART2_ERR_IRQHandler /* UART2 Error interrupt*/
.long UART3_RX_TX_IRQHandler /* UART3 Receive/Transmit interrupt*/
.long UART3_ERR_IRQHandler /* UART3 Error interrupt*/
.long ADC0_IRQHandler /* ADC0 interrupt*/
.long CMP0_IRQHandler /* CMP0 interrupt*/
.long CMP1_IRQHandler /* CMP1 interrupt*/
.long FTM0_IRQHandler /* FTM0 fault, overflow and channels interrupt*/
.long FTM1_IRQHandler /* FTM1 fault, overflow and channels interrupt*/
.long FTM2_IRQHandler /* FTM2 fault, overflow and channels interrupt*/
.long CMT_IRQHandler /* CMT interrupt*/
.long RTC_IRQHandler /* RTC interrupt*/
.long RTC_Seconds_IRQHandler /* RTC seconds interrupt*/
.long PIT0_IRQHandler /* PIT timer channel 0 interrupt*/
.long PIT1_IRQHandler /* PIT timer channel 1 interrupt*/
.long PIT2_IRQHandler /* PIT timer channel 2 interrupt*/
.long PIT3_IRQHandler /* PIT timer channel 3 interrupt*/
.long PDB0_IRQHandler /* PDB0 Interrupt*/
.long USB0_IRQHandler /* USB0 interrupt*/
.long USBDCD_IRQHandler /* USBDCD Interrupt*/
.long Reserved71_IRQHandler /* Reserved interrupt 71*/
.long DAC0_IRQHandler /* DAC0 interrupt*/
.long MCG_IRQHandler /* MCG Interrupt*/
.long LPTMR0_IRQHandler /* LPTimer interrupt*/
.long PORTA_IRQHandler /* Port A interrupt*/
.long PORTB_IRQHandler /* Port B interrupt*/
.long PORTC_IRQHandler /* Port C interrupt*/
.long PORTD_IRQHandler /* Port D interrupt*/
.long PORTE_IRQHandler /* Port E interrupt*/
.long SWI_IRQHandler /* Software interrupt*/
.long SPI2_IRQHandler /* SPI2 Interrupt*/
.long UART4_RX_TX_IRQHandler /* UART4 Receive/Transmit interrupt*/
.long UART4_ERR_IRQHandler /* UART4 Error interrupt*/
.long Reserved84_IRQHandler /* Reserved interrupt 84*/
.long Reserved85_IRQHandler /* Reserved interrupt 85*/
.long CMP2_IRQHandler /* CMP2 interrupt*/
.long FTM3_IRQHandler /* FTM3 fault, overflow and channels interrupt*/
.long DAC1_IRQHandler /* DAC1 interrupt*/
.long ADC1_IRQHandler /* ADC1 interrupt*/
.long I2C2_IRQHandler /* I2C2 interrupt*/
.long CAN0_ORed_Message_buffer_IRQHandler /* CAN0 OR'd message buffers interrupt*/
.long CAN0_Bus_Off_IRQHandler /* CAN0 bus off interrupt*/
.long CAN0_Error_IRQHandler /* CAN0 error interrupt*/
.long CAN0_Tx_Warning_IRQHandler /* CAN0 Tx warning interrupt*/
.long CAN0_Rx_Warning_IRQHandler /* CAN0 Rx warning interrupt*/
.long CAN0_Wake_Up_IRQHandler /* CAN0 wake up interrupt*/
.long SDHC_IRQHandler /* SDHC interrupt*/
.long ENET_1588_Timer_IRQHandler /* Ethernet MAC IEEE 1588 Timer Interrupt*/
.long ENET_Transmit_IRQHandler /* Ethernet MAC Transmit Interrupt*/
.long ENET_Receive_IRQHandler /* Ethernet MAC Receive Interrupt*/
.long ENET_Error_IRQHandler /* Ethernet MAC Error and miscelaneous Interrupt*/
.long LPUART0_IRQHandler /* LPUART0 status/error interrupt*/
.long TSI0_IRQHandler /* TSI0 interrupt*/
.long TPM1_IRQHandler /* TPM1 fault, overflow and channels interrupt*/
.long TPM2_IRQHandler /* TPM2 fault, overflow and channels interrupt*/
.long USBHSDCD_IRQHandler /* USBHSDCD, USBHS Phy Interrupt*/
.long I2C3_IRQHandler /* I2C3 interrupt*/
.long CMP3_IRQHandler /* CMP3 interrupt*/
.long USBHS_IRQHandler /* USB high speed OTG interrupt*/
.long CAN1_ORed_Message_buffer_IRQHandler /* CAN1 OR'd message buffers interrupt*/
.long CAN1_Bus_Off_IRQHandler /* CAN1 bus off interrupt*/
.long CAN1_Error_IRQHandler /* CAN1 error interrupt*/
.long CAN1_Tx_Warning_IRQHandler /* CAN1 Tx warning interrupt*/
.long CAN1_Rx_Warning_IRQHandler /* CAN1 Rx warning interrupt*/
.long CAN1_Wake_Up_IRQHandler /* CAN1 wake up interrupt*/
.long DefaultISR /* 116*/
.long DefaultISR /* 117*/
.long DefaultISR /* 118*/
.long DefaultISR /* 119*/
.long DefaultISR /* 120*/
.long DefaultISR /* 121*/
.long DefaultISR /* 122*/
.long DefaultISR /* 123*/
.long DefaultISR /* 124*/
.long DefaultISR /* 125*/
(...)
.long DefaultISR /* 245*/
.long DefaultISR /* 246*/
.long DefaultISR /* 247*/
.long DefaultISR /* 248*/
.long DefaultISR /* 249*/
.long DefaultISR /* 250*/
.long DefaultISR /* 251*/
.long DefaultISR /* 252*/
.long DefaultISR /* 253*/
.long DefaultISR /* 254*/
.long 0xFFFFFFFF /* Reserved for user TRIM value*/
.size __isr_vector, . - __isr_vector
/* Flash Configuration */
.section .FlashConfig, "a"
.long 0xFFFFFFFF
.long 0xFFFFFFFF
.long 0xFFFFFFFF
.long 0xFFFFFFFE
.text
.thumb
/* Reset Handler */
.thumb_func
.align 2
.globl Reset_Handler
.weak Reset_Handler
.type Reset_Handler, %function
Reset_Handler:
cpsid i /* Mask interrupts */
.equ VTOR, 0xE000ED08
ldr r0, =VTOR
ldr r1, =__isr_vector
str r1, [r0]
ldr r2, [r1]
msr msp, r2
#ifndef __NO_SYSTEM_INIT
ldr r0,=SystemInit
blx r0
#endif
/* Loop to copy data from read only memory to RAM. The ranges
* of copy from/to are specified by following symbols evaluated in
* linker script.
* __etext: End of code section, i.e., begin of data sections to copy from.
* __data_start__/__data_end__: RAM address range that data should be
* copied to. Both must be aligned to 4 bytes boundary. */
ldr r1, =__etext
ldr r2, =__data_start__
ldr r3, =__data_end__
#if 1
/* Here are two copies of loop implemenations. First one favors code size
* and the second one favors performance. Default uses the first one.
* Change to "#if 0" to use the second one */
.LC0:
cmp r2, r3
ittt lt
ldrlt r0, [r1], #4
strlt r0, [r2], #4
blt .LC0
#else
subs r3, r2
ble .LC1
.LC0:
subs r3, #4
ldr r0, [r1, r3]
str r0, [r2, r3]
bgt .LC0
.LC1:
#endif
#ifdef __STARTUP_CLEAR_BSS
/* This part of work usually is done in C library startup code. Otherwise,
* define this macro to enable it in this startup.
*
* Loop to zero out BSS section, which uses following symbols
* in linker script:
* __bss_start__: start of BSS section. Must align to 4
* __bss_end__: end of BSS section. Must align to 4
*/
ldr r1, =__bss_start__
ldr r2, =__bss_end__
movs r0, 0
.LC2:
cmp r1, r2
itt lt
strlt r0, [r1], #4
blt .LC2
#endif /* __STARTUP_CLEAR_BSS */
cpsie i /* Unmask interrupts */
#ifndef __START
#define __START _start
#endif
#ifndef __ATOLLIC__
ldr r0,=__START
blx r0
#else
ldr r0,=__libc_init_array
blx r0
ldr r0,=main
bx r0
#endif
.pool
[无法粘贴整个文件]
我解决问题的尝试来自this tutorial。
应该把启动函数放在0x80000位置，这样bootloader才能正确执行。
另一个问题是中断。既然你有一个引导程序，我猜它是 运行 整个程序生命，你不应该更换它的中断向量。引导加载程序可能具有一些设置中断的功能，因此您应该使用这些功能，而不是重新定位 ISR 向量。
将启动函数放在已知地址：
由于您使用的是 MCUXpresso 和 KDS，我想您使用的是 NXP 提供的基于 GCC 的工具链。
如果是这样，您将需要使用 sections 以便在定义的地址设置函数。在SDK中，启动函数位于文件startup_XXX.S中，而在我的文件中（不知道他们是否一直使用相同的命名）它被称为Reset_Handler。
您也可以从您的 ISR 向量中找到它，因为它是第二个条目（重置条目）。
在我的例子中，它的定义如下：
.section .reset_handler_section, "a" //EDIT 3: This is the line added
.thumb_func
.align 2
.globl Reset_Handler
.weak Reset_Handler
.type Reset_Handler, %function
Reset_Handler:
//Actual reset code follows
你的 ASM 代码中应该有类似的东西。
现在，一旦您知道哪个是您的启动函数，就应该将它放在 0x80000 处。
这是在链接器文件的 SECTIONS 部分中完成的。
但是首先，您的新内存映射应该只包含您可以修改的内存，这是您所附图像中名为 "Application Area" 的部分。
因此，我们应用程序的内存映射应该是：
MEMORY
{
m_text (RX) : ORIGIN = 0x00080000, LENGTH = 0x00080000
m_data (RWX) : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 0x00030000
}
警告：您应该知道您的数据 (m_data) 可以在 RAM 中的何处开始，因为您不想覆盖引导加载程序数据。你没有在你的图像中显示它，所以我只是在 RAM 中选择了一个 ORIGIN，但你应该检查一下。
另请注意，没有中断，也没有 flash_config 部分。我假设bootloader已经有了这些，所以你不需要再添加它们。
定义内存映射后，您可以将所有程序添加到其中：
SECTIONS
{
/* The startup code*/
.startup_text :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
KEEP(*(.reset_handler_section)) /* Startup data */ /*EDIT 3: This is the modification*/
KEEP(*(.isr_vector)) /* EDIT 6: Startup code. It is needed in order to avoid modifying source files. It is not used, since the reset vector is the defined in the Bootloader build */
*(.text) /* .text sections (code) */
*(.text*) /* .text* sections (code) */
*(.rodata) /* .rodata sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
*(.rodata*) /* .rodata* sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
*(.glue_7) /* glue arm to thumb code */
*(.glue_7t) /* glue thumb to arm code */
KEEP (*(.init)) /*EDIT 2: The init section. If there are more
* sections like this, just keep adding them here.
*/
} > m_text
/*EDIT 5. Added entire section*/
.ARM :
{
__exidx_start = .;
*(.ARM.exidx*)
__exidx_end = .;
} > m_text
__DATA_ROM = .; /* Symbol is used by startup for data initialization */ /*EDIT 7: This symbol must be placed at the end of the text sections, so the data can follow all the code in ROM*/
__etext = .; /* define a global symbol at end of code */ /*EDIT 4*/
/*The application variables and other data in RAM*/
.data : AT(__DATA_ROM)
{
. = ALIGN(4);
__DATA_RAM = .;
__data_start__ = .; /* create a global symbol at data start */
*(.data) /* .data sections */
*(.data*) /* .data* sections */
KEEP(*(.jcr*))
KEEP(*(.ramSection))
. = ALIGN(4);
__data_end__ = .; /* define a global symbol at data end */
} > m_data
/* Uninitialized data section */
.bss :
{
/* This is used by the startup in order to initialize the .bss section */
. = ALIGN(4);
__START_BSS = .;
__bss_start__ = .;
*(.bss)
*(.bss*)
*(COMMON)
. = ALIGN(4);
__bss_end__ = .;
__END_BSS = .;
} > m_data
}
作为一个小的解释，我们告诉链接器将“.startup_text”（这可以是任何名称）部分内的所有内容放入 m_text 内存中，始终按顺序放置。因此，在 m_text 的第一个地址（即 0x80000）中，它将放置 Reset_Handler。在它之后，它将放置所有其他函数（.text）和常量数据（rodata）。
我们还定义了符号__DATA_ROM在节的最后地址。
在所有常量数据之后，我们还附加了初始化数据。此数据具有将进入 ROM 的常量值，但链接器还应在 RAM 中为它们保留内存，以便能够修改它们。这就是 data 部分所做的。
编辑 1：为了让链接器知道从哪里开始您的程序，从而能够查看需要什么代码，您必须告诉它哪一个是您程序的启动点，因为链接器不会了解芯片特定的硬件（如复位向量入口）。这是通过将其添加到链接器文件的开头，MEMORY 部分之前来完成的：
/* Entry Point */
ENTRY(Reset_Handler)
STACK_SIZE = 0x0400;
M_VECTOR_RAM_SIZE = 0x0400;
我不知道尺寸的定义是否真的需要，但以防万一我也把它们也放在这里。
添加到解决方案中：
我的问题中链接器文件的修改确实是正确的。
MEMORY
{
m_interrupts (RX) : ORIGIN = 0x00080000, LENGTH = 0x00000400
m_flash_config (RX) : ORIGIN = 0x00080400, LENGTH = 0x00000010
m_text (RX) : ORIGIN = 0x00080410, LENGTH = 0x001FFBF0
m_data (RW) : ORIGIN = 0x1FFF0000, LENGTH = 0x00030000
m_data_2 (RW) : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 0x00030000
}
无法加载程序的问题是因为它运行的是实时操作系统。因此我后来意识到我的问题的解决方案不在链接器文件上，而是在重新启动似乎影响 RTOS 的 SysTick 时钟上，因此它没有启动加载的应用程序。
如果您使用的是实时操作系统，请确保在从引导加载程序加载应用程序之前重置系统时钟。这似乎解决了我的问题。
但是，建议的链接器文件解决方案确实有效，但问题来自不同的来源。