Python 已确认导入的 AttributeError / NameError
Python AttributeError / NameError with confirmed imports
我有两个文件，InvertedIndex.py 和 gui.py 用于我正在处理的倒排索引程序。
这两个文件都可以自己正常工作并且具有正确的导入。当我 运行 python InvertedIndex.py 功能正常并且 return 界面的值，但是当我 运行 python gui.py，输入我的搜索词并点击搜索我是遇到这个：
C:\Users\MTXIII\Documents\Dev\Python\Projects\InvIndex\gui\InvInd\Test>python gui.py
Exception in Tkinter callback
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\MTXIII\Anaconda3\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 1705, in __call__
return self.func(*args)
File "C:\Users\MTXIII\Documents\Dev\Python\Projects\InvIndex\gui\InvInd\Test\gui.py", line 17, in open
for line in bck.index_lookup_query(Term.get()):
AttributeError: module 'InvertedIndex' has no attribute 'index_lookup_query'
此外，当我 运行 这些检查时，我得到 NameError: name 'bck' is not defined（bck 是文件中为 InvertedIndex.py 提供的别名）
>>> import gui
>>> print(bck)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'bck' is not defined
>>> print(dir(bck))
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'bck' is not defined
>>> for line in bck.index_lookup_query(Term.get()):
...
我还确认 index_lookup_query 在 InvertedIndex 的命名空间内。
>>> import InvertedIndex >>> print(dir(InvertedIndex)) ['Appearance', 'Database', 'InvertedIndex', 'builtins', 'cached', 'doc', 'file', 'loader', 'name', 'package', 'spec', 'g', 'index_documents', 'index_lookup_query', 'main', 're'] >>>
我的代码如下：
gui.py:
```
from tkinter import *
import InvertedIndex as bck
# from InvertedIndex import index_lookup_query
LARGE_FONT = ("Verdana", 12)
NORM_FONT = ("Verdana", 10)
SMALL_FONT = ("Verdana", 8)
def open():
top = Toplevel()
searching = 'Occurences of the term: ' + Term.get()
lbl = Label(top, text=searching, width = 60, font = LARGE_FONT).pack()
listbox = Listbox(top)
listbox.pack()
# for line in bck.index_lookup_query(Term.get()):
for line in bck.index_lookup_query(Term.get()):
listbox.insert(END, line)
#create the tkinter window.
root = Tk()
root.geometry('300x85')
# frame = Frame(root, width=100, height=15, bg='white')
# frame.pack()
# to rename the title of the root
root.title("Term Search")
#Label for entry box.
# Label(root, text = "Enter the term you would like to search for:").grid(row = 0)
# Entry box.
Term = Entry(root, width=30)
Term.pack(side = TOP)
Term.insert(0,"Enter the term to search for:")
# Term.grid(row = 0, column = 0)
# Search button.
search_for = "Searching for " + Term.get()
b1 = Button(root, text = "Search!", bg = 'grey', fg = "red", width = 30, command = open)
b1.pack()
# b1.grid(row = 1, column = 0) #'fg or foreground' is for coloring the contents (buttons)
mainloop()
```
InvertedIndex.py:
```
import re
import gui as g
class Appearance:
"""
Represents the appearance of a term in a given document, along with the
frequency of appearances in the same one.
"""
def __init__(self, docId, frequency):
self.docId = docId
self.frequency = frequency
def __repr__(self):
"""
String representation of the Appearance object
"""
return str(self.__dict__)
class Database:
"""
In memory database representing the already indexed documents.
"""
def __init__(self):
self.db = dict()
def __repr__(self):
"""
String representation of the Database object
"""
return str(self.__dict__)
def get(self, id):
return self.db.get(id, None)
def add(self, document):
"""
Adds a document to the DB.
"""
return self.db.update({document['id']: document})
def remove(self, document):
"""
Removes document from DB.
"""
return self.db.pop(document['id'], None)
class InvertedIndex:
"""
Inverted Index class.
"""
def __init__(self, db):
self.index = dict()
self.db = db
def __repr__(self):
"""
String representation of the Database object
"""
return str(self.index)
def index_document(self, document):
"""
Process a given document, save it to the DB and update the index.
"""
# Remove punctuation from the text.
clean_text = re.sub(r'[^\w\s]','', document['text'])
terms = clean_text.split(' ')
appearances_dict = dict()
# Dictionary with each term and the frequency it appears in the text.
for term in terms:
term_frequency = appearances_dict[term].frequency if term in appearances_dict else 0
appearances_dict[term] = Appearance(document['id'], term_frequency + 1)
# Update the inverted index
update_dict = { key: [appearance]
if key not in self.index
else self.index[key] + [appearance]
for (key, appearance) in appearances_dict.items() }
self.index.update(update_dict)
# Add the document into the database
self.db.add(document)
return document
def lookup_query(self, query):
"""
Returns the dictionary of terms with their correspondent Appearances.
This is a very naive search since it will just split the terms and show
the documents where they appear.
"""
return { term: self.index[term] for term in query.split(' ') if term in self.index }
def index_documents(index):
document1 = {
'id': '1',
'text': 'It resides in a cavern on the moon.'
}
document2 = {
'id': '2',
'text': 'The lunar brew expedition.'
}
document3 = {
'id': '3',
'text': 'beer beer beer!'
}
document4 = {
'id': '4',
'text': 'Space travel has changed to way we consume beer.'
}
document5 = {
'id': '5',
'text': 'Over the moon brew.'
}
document6 = {
'id': '6',
'text': 'Deep in the caverns of the moon, beer.'
}
index.index_document(document1)
index.index_document(document2)
index.index_document(document3)
index.index_document(document4)
index.index_document(document5)
index.index_document(document6)
def index_lookup_query(search_term):
db = Database()
index = InvertedIndex(db)
index_documents(index)
result = index.lookup_query(search_term)
for key, value in result.items():
for appearance in value:
yield '{}, {}'.format(appearance.docId, appearance.frequency)
def main():
search_term = input('Enter term to search for: ')
#
# result = index.lookup_query(search_term)
for line in index_lookup_query(search_term):
print(line)
print("-----------------------------")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
```
你有一个循环依赖的情况。
module1.py
import module2
module2.func()
module2.py
import module1
def func():
print("hello")
现在如果你运行
python module1.py
您将 运行 进入模块 'module2' 没有属性 'func' 错误。
发生这种情况的原因是行 module2.func() 在您认为它会被执行时却没有执行。程序流程如下：
import module2 在第 1 行，模块 1（程序现在转到模块 2）import mudule1 at line1, module2（程序现在再次转到模块 1）import module2 at line1, module1（程序不会再去module2，因为module2之前已经导入了。）module2.func() 在第 2 行，模块 1。 （抛出一个错误，因为我们从未到达第 2 行的 func 定义，module2。因此，module2 还没有 func
解决这个问题最简单的方法是摆脱循环导入。在你的情况下，从 InvertedIndex.py 中删除 import gui as g 因为它似乎没有必要。
我有两个文件，InvertedIndex.py 和 gui.py 用于我正在处理的倒排索引程序。
这两个文件都可以自己正常工作并且具有正确的导入。当我 运行 python InvertedIndex.py 功能正常并且 return 界面的值，但是当我 运行 python gui.py，输入我的搜索词并点击搜索我是遇到这个：
C:\Users\MTXIII\Documents\Dev\Python\Projects\InvIndex\gui\InvInd\Test>python gui.py
Exception in Tkinter callback
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\MTXIII\Anaconda3\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 1705, in __call__
return self.func(*args)
File "C:\Users\MTXIII\Documents\Dev\Python\Projects\InvIndex\gui\InvInd\Test\gui.py", line 17, in open
for line in bck.index_lookup_query(Term.get()):
AttributeError: module 'InvertedIndex' has no attribute 'index_lookup_query'
此外，当我 运行 这些检查时，我得到 NameError: name 'bck' is not defined（bck 是文件中为 InvertedIndex.py 提供的别名）
>>> import gui
>>> print(bck)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'bck' is not defined
>>> print(dir(bck))
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'bck' is not defined
>>> for line in bck.index_lookup_query(Term.get()):
...
我还确认 index_lookup_query 在 InvertedIndex 的命名空间内。
>>> import InvertedIndex >>> print(dir(InvertedIndex)) ['Appearance', 'Database', 'InvertedIndex', 'builtins', 'cached', 'doc', 'file', 'loader', 'name', 'package', 'spec', 'g', 'index_documents', 'index_lookup_query', 'main', 're'] >>>
我的代码如下：
gui.py:
```
from tkinter import *
import InvertedIndex as bck
# from InvertedIndex import index_lookup_query
LARGE_FONT = ("Verdana", 12)
NORM_FONT = ("Verdana", 10)
SMALL_FONT = ("Verdana", 8)
def open():
top = Toplevel()
searching = 'Occurences of the term: ' + Term.get()
lbl = Label(top, text=searching, width = 60, font = LARGE_FONT).pack()
listbox = Listbox(top)
listbox.pack()
# for line in bck.index_lookup_query(Term.get()):
for line in bck.index_lookup_query(Term.get()):
listbox.insert(END, line)
#create the tkinter window.
root = Tk()
root.geometry('300x85')
# frame = Frame(root, width=100, height=15, bg='white')
# frame.pack()
# to rename the title of the root
root.title("Term Search")
#Label for entry box.
# Label(root, text = "Enter the term you would like to search for:").grid(row = 0)
# Entry box.
Term = Entry(root, width=30)
Term.pack(side = TOP)
Term.insert(0,"Enter the term to search for:")
# Term.grid(row = 0, column = 0)
# Search button.
search_for = "Searching for " + Term.get()
b1 = Button(root, text = "Search!", bg = 'grey', fg = "red", width = 30, command = open)
b1.pack()
# b1.grid(row = 1, column = 0) #'fg or foreground' is for coloring the contents (buttons)
mainloop()
```
InvertedIndex.py:
```
import re
import gui as g
class Appearance:
"""
Represents the appearance of a term in a given document, along with the
frequency of appearances in the same one.
"""
def __init__(self, docId, frequency):
self.docId = docId
self.frequency = frequency
def __repr__(self):
"""
String representation of the Appearance object
"""
return str(self.__dict__)
class Database:
"""
In memory database representing the already indexed documents.
"""
def __init__(self):
self.db = dict()
def __repr__(self):
"""
String representation of the Database object
"""
return str(self.__dict__)
def get(self, id):
return self.db.get(id, None)
def add(self, document):
"""
Adds a document to the DB.
"""
return self.db.update({document['id']: document})
def remove(self, document):
"""
Removes document from DB.
"""
return self.db.pop(document['id'], None)
class InvertedIndex:
"""
Inverted Index class.
"""
def __init__(self, db):
self.index = dict()
self.db = db
def __repr__(self):
"""
String representation of the Database object
"""
return str(self.index)
def index_document(self, document):
"""
Process a given document, save it to the DB and update the index.
"""
# Remove punctuation from the text.
clean_text = re.sub(r'[^\w\s]','', document['text'])
terms = clean_text.split(' ')
appearances_dict = dict()
# Dictionary with each term and the frequency it appears in the text.
for term in terms:
term_frequency = appearances_dict[term].frequency if term in appearances_dict else 0
appearances_dict[term] = Appearance(document['id'], term_frequency + 1)
# Update the inverted index
update_dict = { key: [appearance]
if key not in self.index
else self.index[key] + [appearance]
for (key, appearance) in appearances_dict.items() }
self.index.update(update_dict)
# Add the document into the database
self.db.add(document)
return document
def lookup_query(self, query):
"""
Returns the dictionary of terms with their correspondent Appearances.
This is a very naive search since it will just split the terms and show
the documents where they appear.
"""
return { term: self.index[term] for term in query.split(' ') if term in self.index }
def index_documents(index):
document1 = {
'id': '1',
'text': 'It resides in a cavern on the moon.'
}
document2 = {
'id': '2',
'text': 'The lunar brew expedition.'
}
document3 = {
'id': '3',
'text': 'beer beer beer!'
}
document4 = {
'id': '4',
'text': 'Space travel has changed to way we consume beer.'
}
document5 = {
'id': '5',
'text': 'Over the moon brew.'
}
document6 = {
'id': '6',
'text': 'Deep in the caverns of the moon, beer.'
}
index.index_document(document1)
index.index_document(document2)
index.index_document(document3)
index.index_document(document4)
index.index_document(document5)
index.index_document(document6)
def index_lookup_query(search_term):
db = Database()
index = InvertedIndex(db)
index_documents(index)
result = index.lookup_query(search_term)
for key, value in result.items():
for appearance in value:
yield '{}, {}'.format(appearance.docId, appearance.frequency)
def main():
search_term = input('Enter term to search for: ')
#
# result = index.lookup_query(search_term)
for line in index_lookup_query(search_term):
print(line)
print("-----------------------------")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
```
你有一个循环依赖的情况。
module1.py
import module2
module2.func()
module2.py
import module1
def func():
print("hello")
现在如果你运行
python module1.py
您将 运行 进入模块 'module2' 没有属性 'func' 错误。
发生这种情况的原因是行 module2.func() 在您认为它会被执行时却没有执行。程序流程如下：
import module2在第 1 行，模块 1（程序现在转到模块 2）import mudule1at line1, module2（程序现在再次转到模块 1）import module2at line1, module1（程序不会再去module2，因为module2之前已经导入了。）module2.func()在第 2 行，模块 1。 （抛出一个错误，因为我们从未到达第 2 行的 func 定义，module2。因此，module2 还没有 func
解决这个问题最简单的方法是摆脱循环导入。在你的情况下，从 InvertedIndex.py 中删除 import gui as g 因为它似乎没有必要。