为什么这个数组元素 return 里面有数据的时候会 nil 呢？

Question

我正在解析 CSV 中的行，这是每个行对象的外观示例：

 pry(Program)> row
=> #<CSV::Row "Broadcast Name":"2020 FC Cincinnati vs Toronto FC | MLS" "Description":"Major League Soccer is a men's professional soccer league sanctioned by the United States Soccer Federation which represents the sport's highest level in the United States. The league comprises 26 teams—23 in the U.S. and 3 in Canada and constitutes one of the major professional sports leagues in both countries." "Category":"Sports,Soccer" "Sizzle Reel":"https://youtu.be/fM5aHIVBTIc" "Thumbnail Image":"Screen Shot 2020-01-14 at 5.27.31 PM.png (https://dl.airtable.com/.attachments/7d9273fef3fc1cf1a44c4f2c4db395e7/05f3cd4a/ScreenShot2020-01-14at5.27.31PM.png)" "Header Image":"Screen Shot 2020-01-14 at 5.27.31 PM.png (https://dl.airtable.com/.attachments/7d9273fef3fc1cf1a44c4f2c4db395e7/05f3cd4a/ScreenShot2020-01-14at5.27.31PM.png)" "Source":"Flosports" "Date":"3/21/2020" "Marketing":"https://www.mlssoccer.com/" "Total Available Impressions":"10.0MM" "Programming Type":"Live - VOD" "Demo":"P18-49" "Recommended":"YES" "Featured":"YES" nil:"10000000">

但是，每当我尝试通过键名访问第一个元素时 returns nil:

> row["Broadcast Name"]
=> nil

当我尝试通过数组中的索引访问它时 returns 正确的结果：

 row[0]
=> "2020 FC Cincinnati vs Toronto FC | MLS"

当我通过键名访问任何其他元素时，它起作用了：

> row["Description"]
=> "Major League Soccer is a men's professional soccer league sanctioned by the United States Soccer Federation which represents the sport's highest level in the United States. The league comprises 26 teams—23 in the U.S. and 3 in Canada and constitutes one of the major professional sports leagues in both countries."
[18] pry(Program)> row["Category"]
=> "Sports,Soccer"
[19] pry(Program)> row["Sizzle Reel"]
=> "https://youtu.be/fM5aHIVBTIc"

当我将它转换为散列时，它看起来很好：

> row.to_h
=> {"Broadcast Name"=>"2020 FC Cincinnati vs Toronto FC | MLS",
 "Description"=>
  "Major League Soccer is a men's professional soccer league sanctioned by the United States Soccer Federation which represents the sport's highest level in the United States. The league comprises 26 teams—23 in the U.S. and 3 in Canada and constitutes one of the major professional sports leagues in both countries.",
 "Category"=>"Sports,Soccer",
 "Sizzle Reel"=>"https://youtu.be/fM5aHIVBTIc",
 "Thumbnail Image"=>"Screen Shot 2020-01-14 at 5.27.31 PM.png (https://dl.airtable.com/.attachments/7d9273fef3fc1cf1a44c4f2c4db395e7/05f3cd4a/ScreenShot2020-01-14at5.27.31PM.png)",
 "Header Image"=>"Screen Shot 2020-01-14 at 5.27.31 PM.png (https://dl.airtable.com/.attachments/7d9273fef3fc1cf1a44c4f2c4db395e7/05f3cd4a/ScreenShot2020-01-14at5.27.31PM.png)",
 "Source"=>"Flosports",
 "Date"=>"3/21/2020",
 "Marketing"=>"https://www.mlssoccer.com/",
 "Total Available Impressions"=>"10.0MM",
 "Programming Type"=>"Live - VOD",
 "Demo"=>"P18-49",
 "Recommended"=>"YES",
 "Featured"=>"YES",
 nil=>"10000000"}

但是出现同样的问题：

[22] pry(Program)> row.to_h["Broadcast Name"]
=> nil
[23] pry(Program)> row.to_h["Category"]
=> "Sports,Soccer"
[24] pry(Program)> row.to_h["Sizzle Reel"]
=> "https://youtu.be/fM5aHIVBTIc"

疯狂的是，当我列出所有键时，它会正确显示所有键：

[21] pry(Program)> row.to_h.keys
=> ["Broadcast Name",
 "Description",
 "Category",
 "Sizzle Reel",
 "Thumbnail Image",
 "Header Image",
 "Source",
 "Date",
 "Marketing",
 "Total Available Impressions",
 "Programming Type",
 "Demo",
 "Recommended",
 "Featured",
 nil]

那么，是什么导致 row["Broadcast Name"] 无论我做什么都如此失败？

Answer 1

不匹配，因为您的密钥 / header 以不可见字符开头：

row.headers[0].codepoints
#=> [65279, 66, 114, 111, 97, 100, 99, 97, 115, 116, 32, 78, 97, 109, 101]
#    ^^^^^

即U+FEFF，或"ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE"用作byte order mark。

要解决此问题，请删除 BOM。参见 How to avoid tripping over UTF-8 BOM when reading files。

为什么这个数组元素 return 里面有数据的时候会 nil 呢？

Why would this array element return nil when there is data in it?

ruby

csv

ruby-on-rails

ruby-on-rails-6