如何在 Django 中对 ListView 的 get_context_data() 进行单元测试？

Question

我尝试在 Django 3.0.5 中为 ListView 编写单元测试。我需要检查上下文中包含的数据。此视图的应用程序运行ning，因此不太可能在实施中出错。但是我在设置测试时错过了什么？

这里是我的部分来源：

urls.py:

app_name = 'gene'
urlpatterns = [
    path('persons/', views.PersonList.as_view(), name='person-list'),
    ...
]

views.py

from django.views.generic.list import ListView
from gene.models import Person

class PersonList(ListView):
    model = Person

    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        context = super(PersonList, self).get_context_data(**kwargs) # this is line 11
        ...
        return context

tests.py:

from django.test import TestCase, RequestFactory
from django.urls import reverse

from gene.models import Person
from gene.views import PersonList

class PersonListTest(TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        person1 = Person.objects.create(name="Person 1")
        person2 = Person.objects.create(name="Person 2")

    def test_context(self):
        request = RequestFactory().get(reverse('gene:person-list'))
        view = PersonList()
        view.setup(request)

        context = view.get_context_data() # this is line 20, Error here
        self.assertIn('environment', context)

我遵循了官方文档中的指南。

但是当我运行这个测试时，我在控制台上得到以下信息：

Error
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/macbarfuss/PycharmProjects/Genealogy/gene/tests.py", line 20, in test_context
    context = view.get_context_data()
  File "/home/macbarfuss/PycharmProjects/Genealogy/gene/views.py", line 11, in get_context_data
    context = super(PersonList, self).get_context_data(**kwargs)
  File "/home/macbarfuss/PycharmProjects/Genealogy/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/views/generic/list.py", line 115, in get_context_data
    queryset = object_list if object_list is not None else self.object_list
AttributeError: 'PersonList' object has no attribute 'object_list'

有什么想法吗？

Answer 1

Django 有一个 Client [Django-doc] 允许您检查 context。请注意，通常上下文不会在 HTTP 响应中导出，但在此处进行了修补以允许进行测试：

import unittest
from django.test import <b>Client</b>

class SimpleTest(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.client = Client()
        person1 = Person.objects.create(name="Person 1")
        person2 = Person.objects.create(name="Person 2")

    def test_details(self):
        response = self.client.get(reverse('gene:person-list'))
        self.assertIn('environment', <b>response.context</b>)

所以 response 有一个 .context attribute [Django-doc]。

我建议使用 Client，因为基于 class 的视图非常复杂，流程可以 "decyphered"，但它需要一些技巧，通过使用简单的 .dispatch()，等等。你只检索到 HttpResponse 而没有 .context，所以最好使用 Django 为这个任务提供的工具。

如何在 Django 中对 ListView 的 get_context_data() 进行单元测试？

How can I unittest get_context_data() of a ListView in Django?

python

django

unit-testing

django-class-based-views