无法在 spaCy 中加载德国 BERT 模型

Question

这是我的问题：我正在从事德语文本分类项目。我为此使用了 spacy 并决定微调其预训练的 BERT 模型以获得更好的结果。但是，当我尝试将它加载到代码中时，它显示错误。

这是我所做的：

已安装 spacy-transformers：pip install spacy-transformers
已下载德国 BERT 模型：python -m spacy download de_trf_bertbasecased_lg。下载成功并显示：✔ Download and installation successful You can now load the model via spacy.load('de_trf_bertbasecased_lg')
写了以下代码：

import spacy nlp = spacy.load('de_trf_bertbasecased_lg')

输出为：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#1>", line 1, in <module>
nlp = spacy.load('de_trf_bertbasecased_lg')
  File "C:\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\spacy\__init__.py", line 30, in load
return util.load_model(name, **overrides)
  File "C:\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\spacy\util.py", line 164, in load_model
return load_model_from_package(name, **overrides)
  File "C:\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\spacy\util.py", line 185, in load_model_from_package
return cls.load(**overrides)
  File "C:\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\de_trf_bertbasecased_lg\__init__.py", line 12, in load
return load_model_from_init_py(__file__, **overrides)
  File "C:\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\spacy\util.py", line 228, in load_model_from_init_py
return load_model_from_path(data_path, meta, **overrides)
  File "C:\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\spacy\util.py", line 196, in load_model_from_path
cls = get_lang_class(lang)
  File "C:\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\spacy\util.py", line 70, in get_lang_class
if lang in registry.languages:
  File "C:\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\catalogue.py", line 56, in __contains__
has_entry_point = self.entry_points and self.get_entry_point(name)
  File "C:\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\catalogue.py", line 140, in get_entry_point
return entry_point.load()
  File "C:\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\importlib_metadata\__init__.py", line 94, in load
module = import_module(match.group('module'))
  File "C:\Python\Python37\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 983, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 967, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 677, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 728, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "C:\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\spacy_transformers\__init__.py", line 1, in <module>
from .language import TransformersLanguage
  File "C:\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\spacy_transformers\language.py", line 5, in <module>
from .util import is_special_token, pkg_meta, ATTRS, PIPES, LANG_FACTORY
  File "C:\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\spacy_transformers\util.py", line 2, in <module>
import transformers
  File "C:\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\transformers\__init__.py", line 20, in <module>
from .file_utils import (TRANSFORMERS_CACHE, PYTORCH_TRANSFORMERS_CACHE, PYTORCH_PRETRAINED_BERT_CACHE,
  File "C:\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\transformers\file_utils.py", line 37, in <module>
import torch
  File "C:\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\torch\__init__.py", line 81, in <module>
ctypes.CDLL(dll)
  File "C:\Python\Python37\lib\ctypes\__init__.py", line 356, in __init__
self._handle = _dlopen(self._name, mode)
OSError: [WinError 126] The specified module could not be found

如果我运行在 PyCharm 中使用相同的代码，它还会在上面所有代码之前显示这两行：

2020-05-19 18:00:55.132721: W tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:55] Could not 
load dynamic library 'cudart64_100.dll'; dlerror: cudart64_100.dll not found
2020-05-19 18:00:55.132990: I tensorflow/stream_executor/cuda/cudart_stub.cc:29] Ignore above cudart 
dlerror if you do not have a GPU set up on your machine.

如果我没看错，这两行抱怨我没有 GPU。但是，根据文档，即使没有 GPU，我也应该能够使用 BERT。

所以我现在真的很困，正在寻求你的帮助。

我还应该提一下，我以前使用过 de_core_news_sm 模型并且效果很好。

我也已经尝试了几种解决方案，但其中 none 行得通。我试过： this and this。我还尝试卸载所有 spacy 相关的库并重新安装它们。也没有帮助。

我正在与：

Windows 10 Home

Python: 3.7.2

Spacy: 2.2.4

Spacy-transformers: 0.5.1

非常感谢任何帮助或建议！

Answer 1

尝试：

python -m spacy download de_trf_bertbasecased_lg
python -m spacy download de_trf_bertbasecased_lg-2.2.0

python -m spacy link de_trf_bertbasecased_lg
python -m spacy link de_trf_bertbasecased_lg-2.2.0

或者：

python -m spacy download de
python -m spacy.de.download all

或直接从以下网址下载：

https://deepset.ai/german-bert

然后加载：

nlp = spacy.load(r'Path_To_File\de_trf_bertbasecased_lg-2.2.0')

Answer 2

这可能是您安装 torch 的问题。在一个干净的虚拟环境中开始并使用此处的说明安装 torch，CUDA 为 None：https://pytorch.org/get-started/locally/。然后安装 spacy-transformers 和 pip.

无法在 spaCy 中加载德国 BERT 模型

Cannot load German BERT model in spaCy

python

transformer

spacy

bert-language-model