为什么 canvas 小乌龟会打开一个更小的屏幕?

Why does turtle open an even smaller screen when the canvas is small?

我正在尝试使用 turtle 在 200x200 的小屏幕上绘图,但是绘图不会以完整尺寸弹出,它会打开一个较小的 window,我必须滚动 up/down ,left/right(一点点)看全图。对于更大的 windows,我没有这个问题。我该如何防止这种情况?

import turtle
import random

height, width = 200, 200
screen = turtle.Screen()
screen.setup(width, height)
screen.setworldcoordinates(0, 0, width, height)

t = turtle.Turtle()
t.speed(1)

for _ in range(5):
    t.penup()
    t.goto(random.randint(20, width-20), random.randint(0, height-40))
    t.pendown()
    t.circle(20)

编辑:screenshot,我想要实际尺寸 window 而不是卷轴尺寸

您可以将 window 调整为 420×420。

如果您不想调整 window 的大小,我建议修改 turtle._CFG 字典中 "canvwidth""canvheight" 键的值:

import turtle
import random

height, width = 200, 200
screen = turtle.Screen()
screen.setup(width, height)
screen.setworldcoordinates(0, 0, width, height)

turtle._CFG.update({"canvwidth": width-20, "canvheight": height-20}) # Removing the scroll bars

t = turtle.Turtle()
t.speed(1)


for _ in range(5):
    t.penup()
    t.goto(random.randint(20, width-20), random.randint(0, height-40))
    t.pendown()
    t.circle(20)

screen.exitonclick()

在 turtle 中使用小 windows 是一堆蠕虫。如果@TheOneMusic 的简单解决方案 (+1) 足以满足您的目的,那就去做吧!在我的系统上,您的 setworldcoordinates() 调用去掉了滚动条,所以我什至看不到这个问题。因此,另一个近似的解决方案可能是升级到当前的 Python 和 tkinter。

然而,两者都不是精确解。如果我们添加代码在绘图区域周围绘制一个 200 x 200 的框:

t.penup()
t.color('red')
t.goto(0, 0)  # because of setworldcoordinates()
t.pendown()
for _ in range(4):
    t.forward(200)
    t.left(90)

我们把盒子弄歪了:

为了更准确地解决这个问题,涉及更丑陋的代码:

from turtle import Screen, Turtle
from random import randint

TRUE_WIDTH, TRUE_HEIGHT = 200, 200

CURSOR_SIZE = 20  # for drawing frame around edge
RADIUS = 20
CHROME = 14  # magic number possibly derivable from tkinter

width, height = TRUE_WIDTH + CHROME, TRUE_HEIGHT + CHROME # needs to be slightly larger than 200 target

offset_x = CHROME / -2 + 2
offset_y = CHROME / 2 - 2

screen = Screen()
screen.setup(width, height)
screen.screensize(width/2, height/2)  # backing store needs to be smaller than window
screen.setworldcoordinates(0, 0, TRUE_WIDTH, TRUE_HEIGHT)

# Draw red frame around edge to "prove" drawing area
frame = Turtle(shape='square', visible=False)
frame.shapesize(TRUE_HEIGHT / CURSOR_SIZE, TRUE_WIDTH / CURSOR_SIZE)  # 200 x 200 frame
frame.color('red', 'white')
frame.penup()
frame.goto(TRUE_WIDTH/2 + offset_x, TRUE_HEIGHT/2 + offset_y)
frame.stamp()

turtle = Turtle()
turtle.speed('fastest')  # because I have no patience

for _ in range(5):
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.goto(randint(RADIUS, TRUE_WIDTH - RADIUS) + offset_x, randint(0, TRUE_HEIGHT - RADIUS*2) + offset_y)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.circle(RADIUS)

screen.exitonclick()

但是这种细节工作很容易被 turtle and/or tkinter 的未来版本取消。如果您可以接受 turtle 的默认 window,生活会变得更轻松。