Raspberry BLE 加密/配对
Raspberry BLE Encryption / Pairing
我正在尝试使用我的 Raspberry Pi 3B 与不需要 PIN 的支持 BLE 的设备进行通信。
我首先尝试使用 cordova BLE central (https://github.com/don/cordova-plugin-ble-central) 在 iOS 上使用 Ionic，它按预期工作，这是交换的数据包：
iOS (PacketLogger)
May 21 07:59:36.825 Note 0x0000 Product: iPhone9,3
May 21 07:59:36.825 Note 0x0000 Software: Version 13.4 (Build 17E255)
May 21 08:09:42.178 Config 0x0041 315X Connected: C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 - Handle: 0x41 - 315X - C7D0F30E-78B4-C82C-6912-DD0F5A5BCA2E
May 21 08:09:43.690 HCI Command 0x0041 00:00:00:00:00:00 Disconnect - Connection Handle: 0x0041 - Reason: Remote User Terminated Connection
May 21 08:09:43.690 Power 0x0000 H4 wake
May 21 08:09:43.690 HCI Event 0x0000 Command Status - Disconnect
May 21 08:09:43.705 LMP Sent 0x0041 00:00:00:00:00:00 LE Terminate Indicator - Error: 0x13
May 21 08:09:43.706 HCI Event 0x0041 00:00:00:00:00:00 Disconnection Complete - Success
May 21 08:09:43.710 Config 0x0000 (
May 21 08:09:43.710 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:43.710 Config 0x0000 (
May 21 08:09:43.710 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:43.710 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:43.710 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:43.891 Power 0x0000 H4 sleep
May 21 08:09:47.801 HCI Command 0x0000 LE Set Scan Enable - 0x00, Filter Duplicates: 1
May 21 08:09:47.801 Power 0x0000 H4 wake
May 21 08:09:47.803 HCI Event 0x0000 Command Complete [200C] - LE Set Scan Enable
May 21 08:09:47.803 HCI Command 0x0000 Vendor Specific Command
May 21 08:09:47.804 HCI Event 0x0000 Command Complete [FCE9] -
May 21 08:09:47.804 HCI Command 0x0000 Vendor Specific Command
May 21 08:09:47.804 HCI Event 0x0000 Command Complete [FCE9] -
May 21 08:09:47.804 HCI Command 0x0000 Vendor Specific Command
May 21 08:09:47.804 HCI Event 0x0000 Command Complete [FCE9] -
May 21 08:09:47.804 HCI Command 0x0000 Vendor Specific Command
May 21 08:09:47.805 HCI Event 0x0000 Command Complete [FCE9] -
May 21 08:09:47.805 HCI Command 0x0000 LE Set Scan Parameters - Active - 30/40 (ms)
May 21 08:09:47.805 HCI Event 0x0000 Command Complete [200B] - LE Set Scan Parameters
May 21 08:09:47.805 HCI Command 0x0000 LE Set Scan Enable - 0x01, Filter Duplicates: 1
May 21 08:09:47.805 HCI Event 0x0000 Command Complete [200C] - LE Set Scan Enable
May 21 08:09:47.808 HCI Event 0x0000 315X LE - Advertising Report - 1 Report - Normal - Public - C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 -59 dBm - Channel 37
May 21 08:09:47.809 HCI Event 0x0000 315X LE - Advertising Report - 1 Report - Normal - Public - C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 -60 dBm - Manufacturer Specific Data - 315X - Channel 37
May 21 08:09:48.006 Power 0x0000 H4 sleep
May 21 08:09:48.636 HCI Command 0x0000 315X LE Add Device To White List - Public - C4:64:E3:9B:04:44
May 21 08:09:48.636 Power 0x0000 H4 wake
May 21 08:09:48.636 HCI Event 0x0000 Command Complete [2011] - LE Add Device To White List
May 21 08:09:48.643 HCI Command 0x0000 LE Create Connection - 00:00:00:00:00:00, Scan Window/Interval: 30ms/30ms, Min/Max Conn Interval: 10ms/30ms
May 21 08:09:48.647 HCI Event 0x0000 Command Status - LE Create Connection
May 21 08:09:48.701 HCI Event 0x0000 315X LE - Advertising Report - 1 Report - Normal - Public - C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 -57 dBm - Channel 38/37
May 21 08:09:48.702 HCI Event 0x0041 315X LE - Enhanced Connection Complete - Master - Public - C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 local - 00:00:00:00:00:00 peer - 00:00:00:00:00:00 - Conn Interval: 30 ms
May 21 08:09:48.704 HCI Command 0x0000 315X LE Remove Device From White List - 0 - C4:64:E3:9B:04:44
May 21 08:09:48.704 HCI Event 0x0000 Command Complete [2012] - LE Remove Device From White List
May 21 08:09:48.704 HCI Command 0x0000 Vendor Specific Command
May 21 08:09:48.704 HCI Event 0x0000 Command Complete [FDC1] -
May 21 08:09:48.706 HCI Command 0x0041 315X LE Start Encryption - Connection Handle: 0x0041
May 21 08:09:48.706 HCI Event 0x0000 Command Status - LE Start Encryption
May 21 08:09:48.712 LMP Sent 0x0041 315X LE Version Indicator
May 21 08:09:48.741 LMP Received 0x0041 315X LE Version Indicator
May 21 08:09:48.772 LMP Sent 0x0041 315X LE Encryption Request
May 21 08:09:48.801 LMP Received 0x0041 315X LE Encryption Response
May 21 08:09:48.861 LMP Received 0x0041 315X LE Start Encryption Request
May 21 08:09:48.891 LMP Sent 0x0041 315X LE Start Encryption Response
May 21 08:09:48.922 HCI Event 0x0041 315X Encryption Change Complete - Encryption Enabled
May 21 08:09:48.922 HCI Command 0x0041 315X Read Remote Version Information - Connection Handle: 0x0041
May 21 08:09:48.922 LMP Received 0x0041 315X LE Start Encryption Response
May 21 08:09:48.922 HCI Event 0x0000 Command Status - Read Remote Version Information
May 21 08:09:48.922 HCI Event 0x0041 315X Read Remote Version Information Complete
May 21 08:09:48.922 HCI Command 0x0041 315X LE Read Remote Used Features - Connection Handle: 0x0041
May 21 08:09:48.922 HCI Event 0x0000 Command Status - LE Read Remote Used Features
May 21 08:09:48.923 HCI Command 0x0000 Vendor Specific Command
May 21 08:09:48.923 HCI Event 0x0000 Command Complete [FD82] -
May 21 08:09:48.952 LMP Sent 0x0041 315X LE Feature Request - Feature Set: 0x00000000000000FD
May 21 08:09:48.982 HCI Event 0x0041 315X LE - Read Remote Used Features Complete - DPLE Supported
May 21 08:09:48.982 LMP Received 0x0041 315X LE Feature Response - Feature Set: 0x00000000000000FD
May 21 08:09:49.012 LMP Sent 0x0041 315X LE Length Request
May 21 08:09:49.042 HCI Event 0x0041 315X LE - Data Length Change
May 21 08:09:49.042 LMP Received 0x0041 315X LE Length Response
May 21 08:09:49.044 ATT Send 0x0041 315X Exchange MTU Request - MTU: 185
May 21 08:09:49.101 ATT Receive 0x0041 315X Exchange MTU Response - MTU: 65
May 21 08:09:49.102 Config 0x0000 A(
May 21 08:09:49.102 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:49.102 Config 0x0000 A(
May 21 08:09:49.102 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:49.102 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:49.102 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:49.102 ATT Send 0x0041 315X Read By Type Request - Start Handle: 0x0008 - End Handle: 0x0008 - UUID: GATT Characteristic Declaration
May 21 08:09:49.130 HCI Event 0x0041 315X Number Of Completed Packets - Handle: 0x0041 - Packets: 0x0002
May 21 08:09:49.161 ATT Receive 0x0041 315X Error Response - Attribute Handle: 0x0008 - Error Code: Attribute Not Found (0x0A)
May 21 08:09:49.162 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:49.162 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:49.162 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:49.162 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:49.165 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:49.165 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:49.165 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:49.165 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:49.165 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:49.165 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:49.169 ATT Send 0x0041 315X Read Request - Handle:0x0012
May 21 08:09:49.222 ATT Receive 0x0041 315X Read Response - Value: 4175 746F 6D6F 7765 7200 0000 0000 0000 …
May 21 08:09:49.224 ATT Send 0x0041 315X Write Request - Handle:0x000F - Value: 0100
May 21 08:09:49.250 HCI Event 0x0041 315X Number Of Completed Packets - Handle: 0x0041 - Packets: 0x0002
May 21 08:09:49.281 ATT Receive 0x0041 315X Write Response
对于 raspberry，我使用的是 noble (https://github.com/abandonware/noble)，我能够发现设备和读取特征，但看起来写入命令没有按预期工作。
hcidump
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo hcidump -t -x
HCI sniffer - Bluetooth packet analyzer ver 5.50
device: hci0 snap_len: 1500 filter: 0xffffffff
2020-06-02 08:49:48.643635 < HCI Command: Set Event Mask (0x03|0x0001) plen 8
Mask: 0xfffffbff07f8bf3d
2020-06-02 08:49:48.644192 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 4
Set Event Mask (0x03|0x0001) ncmd 1
status 0x00
2020-06-02 08:49:48.644641 < HCI Command: LE Set Event Mask (0x08|0x0001) plen 8
mask 0x1f00000000000000 (Reserved)
2020-06-02 08:49:48.645116 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 4
LE Set Event Mask (0x08|0x0001) ncmd 1
status 0x00
2020-06-02 08:49:48.645147 < HCI Command: Read Local Version Information (0x04|0x0001) plen 0
2020-06-02 08:49:48.645641 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 12
Read Local Version Information (0x04|0x0001) ncmd 1
status 0x00
HCI Version: 4.1 (0x7) HCI Revision: 0x1ed
LMP Version: 4.1 (0x7) LMP Subversion: 0x2209
Manufacturer: Broadcom Corporation (15)
2020-06-02 08:49:48.645672 < HCI Command: Write LE Host Supported (0x03|0x006d) plen 2
01 00
2020-06-02 08:49:48.646081 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 4
Write LE Host Supported (0x03|0x006d) ncmd 1
00
2020-06-02 08:49:48.646264 < HCI Command: Read LE Host Supported (0x03|0x006c) plen 0
2020-06-02 08:49:48.646731 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 6
Read LE Host Supported (0x03|0x006c) ncmd 1
00 01 00
2020-06-02 08:49:48.646767 < HCI Command: Read BD ADDR (0x04|0x0009) plen 0
2020-06-02 08:49:48.647206 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 10
Read BD ADDR (0x04|0x0009) ncmd 1
status 0x00 bdaddr B8:27:EB:08:5F:F0
2020-06-02 08:49:48.654744 < HCI Command: LE Set Scan Enable (0x08|0x000c) plen 2
value 0x00 (scanning disabled)
filter duplicates 0x01 (enabled)
2020-06-02 08:49:48.655164 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 4
LE Set Scan Enable (0x08|0x000c) ncmd 1
status 0x0c
Error: Command Disallowed
2020-06-02 08:49:48.655465 < HCI Command: LE Set Scan Parameters (0x08|0x000b) plen 7
type 0x01 (active)
interval 10.000ms window 10.000ms
own address: 0x00 (Public) policy: All
2020-06-02 08:49:48.655928 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 4
LE Set Scan Parameters (0x08|0x000b) ncmd 1
status 0x00
2020-06-02 08:49:48.669824 < HCI Command: LE Set Scan Enable (0x08|0x000c) plen 2
value 0x00 (scanning disabled)
filter duplicates 0x01 (enabled)
2020-06-02 08:49:48.670225 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 4
LE Set Scan Enable (0x08|0x000c) ncmd 1
status 0x0c
Error: Command Disallowed
2020-06-02 08:49:48.670261 < HCI Command: LE Set Scan Parameters (0x08|0x000b) plen 7
type 0x01 (active)
interval 10.000ms window 10.000ms
own address: 0x00 (Public) policy: All
2020-06-02 08:49:48.670716 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 4
LE Set Scan Parameters (0x08|0x000b) ncmd 1
status 0x00
2020-06-02 08:49:48.670754 < HCI Command: LE Set Scan Enable (0x08|0x000c) plen 2
value 0x01 (scanning enabled)
filter duplicates 0x01 (enabled)
2020-06-02 08:49:48.671215 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 4
LE Set Scan Enable (0x08|0x000c) ncmd 1
status 0x00
2020-06-02 08:49:48.842103 > HCI Event: LE Meta Event (0x3e) plen 27
LE Advertising Report
ADV_IND - Connectable undirected advertising (0)
bdaddr 9C:20:7B:BE:14:6E (Public)
Flags: 0x1a
Unknown type 0xff with 10 bytes data
RSSI: -68
2020-06-02 08:49:48.842525 > HCI Event: LE Meta Event (0x3e) plen 12
LE Advertising Report
SCAN_RSP - Scan Response (4)
bdaddr 9C:20:7B:BE:14:6E (Public)
RSSI: -68
2020-06-02 08:49:49.384917 > HCI Event: LE Meta Event (0x3e) plen 33
LE Advertising Report
ADV_IND - Connectable undirected advertising (0)
bdaddr C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 (Public)
Flags: 0x06
Unknown type 0x06 with 16 bytes data
RSSI: -95
2020-06-02 08:49:49.385781 > HCI Event: LE Meta Event (0x3e) plen 28
LE Advertising Report
SCAN_RSP - Scan Response (4)
bdaddr C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 (Public)
Unknown type 0xff with 8 bytes data
Shortened local name: '315X'
RSSI: -95
2020-06-02 08:49:49.392478 < HCI Command: LE Set Scan Enable (0x08|0x000c) plen 2
value 0x00 (scanning disabled)
filter duplicates 0x01 (enabled)
2020-06-02 08:49:49.394279 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 4
LE Set Scan Enable (0x08|0x000c) ncmd 1
status 0x00
2020-06-02 08:49:49.399822 < HCI Command: LE Create Connection (0x08|0x000d) plen 25
bdaddr C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 type 0
interval 96 window 48 initiator_filter 0
own_bdaddr_type 0 min_interval 6 max_interval 12
latency 0 supervision_to 200 min_ce 4 max_ce 6
2020-06-02 08:49:49.400717 > HCI Event: Command Status (0x0f) plen 4
LE Create Connection (0x08|0x000d) status 0x00 ncmd 1
2020-06-02 08:49:59.914436 > HCI Event: LE Meta Event (0x3e) plen 19
LE Connection Complete
status 0x00 handle 64, role master
bdaddr C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 (Public)
2020-06-02 08:49:59.914783 < HCI Command: LE Read Remote Used Features (0x08|0x0016) plen 2
40 00
2020-06-02 08:49:59.915700 > HCI Event: Command Status (0x0f) plen 4
LE Read Remote Used Features (0x08|0x0016) status 0x00 ncmd 1
2020-06-02 08:50:00.205123 > HCI Event: LE Meta Event (0x3e) plen 12
LE Read Remote Used Features Complete
status 0x00 handle 64
Features: 0x1d 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00
2020-06-02 08:50:00.211514 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 7
ATT: MTU req (0x02)
client rx mtu 256
2020-06-02 08:50:00.249993 > ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x02 dlen 7
ATT: MTU resp (0x03)
server rx mtu 65
2020-06-02 08:50:00.252698 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 11
ATT: Read By Group req (0x10)
start 0x0001, end 0xffff
type-uuid 0x2800
2020-06-02 08:50:00.295009 > HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 64 packets 2
2020-06-02 08:50:00.385200 > ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x02 dlen 18
ATT: Read By Group resp (0x11)
attr handle 0x0001, end group handle 0x0007
value 0x00 0x18
attr handle 0x0008, end group handle 0x0008
value 0x01 0x18
2020-06-02 08:50:00.386993 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 11
ATT: Read By Group req (0x10)
start 0x0009, end 0xffff
type-uuid 0x2800
2020-06-02 08:50:00.460829 > ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x02 dlen 26
ATT: Read By Group resp (0x11)
attr handle 0x0009, end group handle 0xffff
value 0xe4 0x6d 0xdc 0x75 0xbf 0xdd 0xe5 0x84 0x1a 0x42 0x0e 0x0b 0x01 0x00 0xbd 0x98
2020-06-02 08:50:00.464756 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 11
ATT: Read By Type req (0x08)
start 0x0009, end 0xffff
type-uuid 0x2803
2020-06-02 08:50:00.490056 > HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 64 packets 2
2020-06-02 08:50:00.520226 > ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x02 dlen 27
2020-06-02 08:50:00.535226 > ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x01 dlen 27
2020-06-02 08:50:00.580143 > ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x01 dlen 15
ATT: Read By Type resp (0x09)
length: 21
handle 0x000a, value 0x04 0x0b 0x00 0xe4 0x6d 0xdc 0x75 0xbf 0xdd 0xe5 0x84 0x1a 0x42 0x0e 0x0b 0x02 0x00 0xbd 0x98
handle 0x000d, value 0x12 0x0e 0x00 0xe4 0x6d 0xdc 0x75 0xbf 0xdd 0xe5 0x84 0x1a 0x42 0x0e 0x0b 0x03 0x00 0xbd 0x98
handle 0x0011, value 0x02 0x12 0x00 0xe4 0x6d 0xdc 0x75 0xbf 0xdd 0xe5 0x84 0x1a 0x42 0x0e 0x0b 0x04 0x00 0xbd 0x98
2020-06-02 08:50:00.582577 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 11
ATT: Read By Type req (0x08)
start 0x0013, end 0xffff
type-uuid 0x2803
2020-06-02 08:50:00.730061 > ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x02 dlen 9
ATT: Error (0x01)
Error: Attribute not found (10)
Read By Type req (0x08) on handle 0x0013
2020-06-02 08:50:00.737443 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 7
ATT: Read req (0x0a)
handle 0x0012
2020-06-02 08:50:00.759998 > HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 64 packets 2
2020-06-02 08:50:00.760889 > ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x02 dlen 25
ATT: Read resp (0x0b)
41 75 74 6F 6D 6F 77 65 72 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
2020-06-02 08:50:00.823478 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 32
ATT: Write cmd (0x52)
handle 0x000b value 0x02 0xfd 0x01 0x60 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x2e 0x01 0x49 0x01 0x1f 0x8f 0x07 0x50 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x04 0x0d
2020-06-02 08:50:00.828900 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 14
ATT: Write cmd (0x52)
handle 0x000b value 0x61 0x69 0x06 0xe0 0x00 0xf0 0x03
2020-06-02 08:50:00.940081 > HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 64 packets 2
2020-06-02 08:50:01.294462 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 24
ATT: Write cmd (0x52)
handle 0x000b value 0x02 0xfd 0x00 0xa0 0x00 0x91 0x1f 0x08 0xf7 0x05 0x00 0x7c 0x00 0x80 0x01 0x28 0x03
2020-06-02 08:50:01.562877 > HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 64 packets 1
2020-06-02 08:50:01.774077 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 32
ATT: Write cmd (0x52)
handle 0x000b value 0x02 0xfd 0x01 0x00 0x00 0x91 0x1f 0x08 0xf7 0x05 0x01 0x52 0x00 0x0a 0x0f 0x5a 0x12 0x00 0x20 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x02 0x30 0x03
2020-06-02 08:50:01.937876 > HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 64 packets 1
2020-06-02 08:50:02.281245 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 32
ATT: Write cmd (0x52)
handle 0x000b value 0x02 0xfd 0x01 0x00 0x00 0x91 0x1f 0x08 0xf7 0x05 0x01 0x52 0x00 0x0a 0x0f 0x38 0x12 0x00 0x20 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x08 0xe0 0x03
2020-06-02 08:50:02.562878 > HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 64 packets 1
2020-06-02 08:50:02.773394 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 32
ATT: Write cmd (0x52)
handle 0x000b value 0x02 0xfd 0x01 0x20 0x00 0x91 0x1f 0x08 0xf7 0x05 0x01 0x28 0x00 0x0a 0x0f 0x38 0x12 0x00 0x40 0x00 0x02 0x00 0x0d 0x20 0x04
2020-06-02 08:50:02.776651 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 9
ATT: Write cmd (0x52)
handle 0x000b value 0xee 0x03
2020-06-02 08:50:02.876322 > HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 64 packets 2
2020-06-02 08:50:03.284576 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 32
ATT: Write cmd (0x52)
handle 0x000b value 0x02 0xfd 0x01 0x00 0x00 0x91 0x1f 0x08 0xf7 0x05 0x01 0x52 0x00 0x0a 0x0f 0x38 0x12 0x00 0x30 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x10 0x03
2020-06-02 08:50:03.437917 > HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 64 packets 1
2020-06-02 08:50:03.773593 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 32
ATT: Write cmd (0x52)
handle 0x000b value 0x02 0xfd 0x01 0x00 0x00 0x91 0x1f 0x08 0xf7 0x05 0x01 0x52 0x00 0x0a 0x0f 0xea 0x11 0x00 0x50 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x0e 0xc0 0x03
2020-06-02 08:50:03.937996 > HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 64 packets 1
我注意到 iOs 我有一个加密过程，看起来像是在连接时自动触发的：
a May 21 08:09:48.706 HCI Command 0x0041 315X LE Start Encryption - Connection Handle: 0x0041
而在 Pi 上我只有一个创建连接：
2020-06-02 08:49:49.399822 < HCI Command: LE Create Connection (0x08|0x000d) plen 25
bdaddr C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 type 0
interval 96 window 48 initiator_filter 0
own_bdaddr_type 0 min_interval 6 max_interval 12
latency 0 supervision_to 200 min_ce 4 max_ce 6
我尝试使用 bluetoothctl 手动配对 BLE 设备，但看起来配对不起作用：
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ bluetoothctl
Agent registered
[bluetooth]# connect C4:64:E3:9B:04:44
Attempting to connect to C4:64:E3:9B:04:44
[CHG] Device C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 Connected: yes
Connection successful
[NEW] Primary Service
/org/bluez/hci0/dev_C4_64_E3_9B_04_44/service0008
00001801-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
Generic Attribute Profile
[NEW] Primary Service
/org/bluez/hci0/dev_C4_64_E3_9B_04_44/service0009
98bd0001-0b0e-421a-84e5-ddbf75dc6de4
Vendor specific
[NEW] Characteristic
/org/bluez/hci0/dev_C4_64_E3_9B_04_44/service0009/char000a
98bd0002-0b0e-421a-84e5-ddbf75dc6de4
Vendor specific
[NEW] Descriptor
/org/bluez/hci0/dev_C4_64_E3_9B_04_44/service0009/char000a/desc000c
00002901-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
Characteristic User Description
[NEW] Characteristic
/org/bluez/hci0/dev_C4_64_E3_9B_04_44/service0009/char000d
98bd0003-0b0e-421a-84e5-ddbf75dc6de4
Vendor specific
[NEW] Descriptor
/org/bluez/hci0/dev_C4_64_E3_9B_04_44/service0009/char000d/desc000f
00002902-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
Client Characteristic Configuration
[NEW] Descriptor
/org/bluez/hci0/dev_C4_64_E3_9B_04_44/service0009/char000d/desc0010
00002901-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
Characteristic User Description
[NEW] Characteristic
/org/bluez/hci0/dev_C4_64_E3_9B_04_44/service0009/char0011
98bd0004-0b0e-421a-84e5-ddbf75dc6de4
Vendor specific
[NEW] Descriptor
/org/bluez/hci0/dev_C4_64_E3_9B_04_44/service0009/char0011/desc0013
00002901-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
Characteristic User Description
[CHG] Device C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 UUIDs: 00001800-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
[CHG] Device C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 UUIDs: 00001801-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
[CHG] Device C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 UUIDs: 98bd0001-0b0e-421a-84e5-ddbf75dc6de4
[CHG] Device C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 ServicesResolved: yes
[315X]# pair C4:64:E3:9B:04:44
Attempting to pair with C4:64:E3:9B:04:44
Failed to pair: org.bluez.Error.AuthenticationFailed
[CHG] Device C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 ServicesResolved: no
[CHG] Device C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 Connected: no
编辑
好的，当我尝试订阅通知特征但配对失败时，似乎正在触发加密过程：
2020-06-02 10:57:45.657381 > ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x02 dlen 9
ATT: Error (0x01)
Error: Insufficient authentication (5)
Read By Type req (0x08) on handle 0x000f
2020-06-02 10:57:45.658692 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 11
SMP: Pairing Request (0x01)
capability 0x03 oob 0x00 auth req 0x01
max key size 0x10 init key dist 0x00 resp key dist 0x01
Capability: NoInputNoOutput (OOB data not present)
Authentication: Bonding (No MITM Protection)
Initiator Key Distribution:
Responder Key Distribution: LTK
2020-06-02 10:57:45.687326 > ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x02 dlen 6
SMP: Pairing Failed (0x05)
reason 0x05
Reason Pairing Not Supported
我不知道如何解决这个配对问题
编辑 2
看起来这是一个设备问题，它允许配对不一致或正在通过特定的 gatt 命令激活，我将深入研究以找出
这似乎是因为 Raspberry Pi 不支持配对。您可以通过结合使用 btmgmt 和 bluetoothctl 命令来解决此问题：-
sudo btmgmt power off
sudo btmgmt discov on
sudo btmgmt connectable on
sudo btmgmt pairable on
sudo btmgmt power on
此外，根据您的日志，您已将 IO Capability 设置为 0x03 (NoInputNoOutput)。您可以通过使用以下命令启动 bluetoothctl 来更改此设置：-
bluetoothctl --agent KeyboardDisplay
之后，系统会提示您输入密钥或接受 Raspberry Pi 上的传入连接。您可以尝试所有不同的 IO 功能，看看哪一个最适合您。执行此操作的命令是：-
bluetoothctl --agent DisplayOnly
bluetoothctl --agent DisplayYesNo
bluetoothctl --agent KeyboardOnly
bluetoothctl --agent NoInputNoOutput
bluetoothctl --agent KeyboardDisplay
可以在下面的链接中找到更多详细信息
希望对您有所帮助。
我遇到了类似的问题。我使用了 Raspberry Pi 4 和 nRF Connect 工具。
我可以绑定设备并连接它。但是，即使绑定后，它也无法读取加密的 gatt 特性。
问题的根本原因和解决方案在 this Github Link.
中给出
问题：
- 启动 Pi。
- 启动代理、广告和 gatt 服务器。
- 绑定设备。
- 连接它。
- 尝试读取加密特征。失败了。
根本原因：
After much digging, I noticed that this problem is caused by the state
the bluetooth chip is in at the time BlueZ is fired up (you can check
the state with hciconfig hci0). If it's in "UP RUNNING" state or in
"UP RUNNING PSCAN ISCAN" state, BlueZ complains with one or more of
these:
Failed to set mode: Rejected (0x0b) Failed to set mode: Rejected
(0x0b) Failed to set privacy: Rejected (0x0b)
But if it's in "DOWN" state, BlueZ starts with no issues. So, you
first have to do hciconfig hci0 down before the bluetooth service
starts up. But before you can use hciconfig, you also need to ensure
the sys-subsystem-bluetooth-devices-hci0.device service has started!
解决方案一：
我最终禁用了自动启动顺序，运行 这个脚本改为：
systemctl start sys-subsystem-bluetooth-devices-hci0.device; hciconfig hci0 down; systemctl start bluetooth
方案二：
Delaying the running of bthelper by a couple of seconds fixed this
issue for me, without me having to disable the automatic boot sequence
and run any manual commands.
I added an ExecStartPre line to /lib/systemd/system/bthelper@.service
such that the Service section now looks like this:
[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStartPre=/bin/sleep 2
ExecStart=/usr/bin/bthelper %I
我正在尝试使用我的 Raspberry Pi 3B 与不需要 PIN 的支持 BLE 的设备进行通信。
我首先尝试使用 cordova BLE central (https://github.com/don/cordova-plugin-ble-central) 在 iOS 上使用 Ionic，它按预期工作，这是交换的数据包：
iOS (PacketLogger)
May 21 07:59:36.825 Note 0x0000 Product: iPhone9,3
May 21 07:59:36.825 Note 0x0000 Software: Version 13.4 (Build 17E255)
May 21 08:09:42.178 Config 0x0041 315X Connected: C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 - Handle: 0x41 - 315X - C7D0F30E-78B4-C82C-6912-DD0F5A5BCA2E
May 21 08:09:43.690 HCI Command 0x0041 00:00:00:00:00:00 Disconnect - Connection Handle: 0x0041 - Reason: Remote User Terminated Connection
May 21 08:09:43.690 Power 0x0000 H4 wake
May 21 08:09:43.690 HCI Event 0x0000 Command Status - Disconnect
May 21 08:09:43.705 LMP Sent 0x0041 00:00:00:00:00:00 LE Terminate Indicator - Error: 0x13
May 21 08:09:43.706 HCI Event 0x0041 00:00:00:00:00:00 Disconnection Complete - Success
May 21 08:09:43.710 Config 0x0000 (
May 21 08:09:43.710 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:43.710 Config 0x0000 (
May 21 08:09:43.710 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:43.710 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:43.710 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:43.891 Power 0x0000 H4 sleep
May 21 08:09:47.801 HCI Command 0x0000 LE Set Scan Enable - 0x00, Filter Duplicates: 1
May 21 08:09:47.801 Power 0x0000 H4 wake
May 21 08:09:47.803 HCI Event 0x0000 Command Complete [200C] - LE Set Scan Enable
May 21 08:09:47.803 HCI Command 0x0000 Vendor Specific Command
May 21 08:09:47.804 HCI Event 0x0000 Command Complete [FCE9] -
May 21 08:09:47.804 HCI Command 0x0000 Vendor Specific Command
May 21 08:09:47.804 HCI Event 0x0000 Command Complete [FCE9] -
May 21 08:09:47.804 HCI Command 0x0000 Vendor Specific Command
May 21 08:09:47.804 HCI Event 0x0000 Command Complete [FCE9] -
May 21 08:09:47.804 HCI Command 0x0000 Vendor Specific Command
May 21 08:09:47.805 HCI Event 0x0000 Command Complete [FCE9] -
May 21 08:09:47.805 HCI Command 0x0000 LE Set Scan Parameters - Active - 30/40 (ms)
May 21 08:09:47.805 HCI Event 0x0000 Command Complete [200B] - LE Set Scan Parameters
May 21 08:09:47.805 HCI Command 0x0000 LE Set Scan Enable - 0x01, Filter Duplicates: 1
May 21 08:09:47.805 HCI Event 0x0000 Command Complete [200C] - LE Set Scan Enable
May 21 08:09:47.808 HCI Event 0x0000 315X LE - Advertising Report - 1 Report - Normal - Public - C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 -59 dBm - Channel 37
May 21 08:09:47.809 HCI Event 0x0000 315X LE - Advertising Report - 1 Report - Normal - Public - C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 -60 dBm - Manufacturer Specific Data - 315X - Channel 37
May 21 08:09:48.006 Power 0x0000 H4 sleep
May 21 08:09:48.636 HCI Command 0x0000 315X LE Add Device To White List - Public - C4:64:E3:9B:04:44
May 21 08:09:48.636 Power 0x0000 H4 wake
May 21 08:09:48.636 HCI Event 0x0000 Command Complete [2011] - LE Add Device To White List
May 21 08:09:48.643 HCI Command 0x0000 LE Create Connection - 00:00:00:00:00:00, Scan Window/Interval: 30ms/30ms, Min/Max Conn Interval: 10ms/30ms
May 21 08:09:48.647 HCI Event 0x0000 Command Status - LE Create Connection
May 21 08:09:48.701 HCI Event 0x0000 315X LE - Advertising Report - 1 Report - Normal - Public - C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 -57 dBm - Channel 38/37
May 21 08:09:48.702 HCI Event 0x0041 315X LE - Enhanced Connection Complete - Master - Public - C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 local - 00:00:00:00:00:00 peer - 00:00:00:00:00:00 - Conn Interval: 30 ms
May 21 08:09:48.704 HCI Command 0x0000 315X LE Remove Device From White List - 0 - C4:64:E3:9B:04:44
May 21 08:09:48.704 HCI Event 0x0000 Command Complete [2012] - LE Remove Device From White List
May 21 08:09:48.704 HCI Command 0x0000 Vendor Specific Command
May 21 08:09:48.704 HCI Event 0x0000 Command Complete [FDC1] -
May 21 08:09:48.706 HCI Command 0x0041 315X LE Start Encryption - Connection Handle: 0x0041
May 21 08:09:48.706 HCI Event 0x0000 Command Status - LE Start Encryption
May 21 08:09:48.712 LMP Sent 0x0041 315X LE Version Indicator
May 21 08:09:48.741 LMP Received 0x0041 315X LE Version Indicator
May 21 08:09:48.772 LMP Sent 0x0041 315X LE Encryption Request
May 21 08:09:48.801 LMP Received 0x0041 315X LE Encryption Response
May 21 08:09:48.861 LMP Received 0x0041 315X LE Start Encryption Request
May 21 08:09:48.891 LMP Sent 0x0041 315X LE Start Encryption Response
May 21 08:09:48.922 HCI Event 0x0041 315X Encryption Change Complete - Encryption Enabled
May 21 08:09:48.922 HCI Command 0x0041 315X Read Remote Version Information - Connection Handle: 0x0041
May 21 08:09:48.922 LMP Received 0x0041 315X LE Start Encryption Response
May 21 08:09:48.922 HCI Event 0x0000 Command Status - Read Remote Version Information
May 21 08:09:48.922 HCI Event 0x0041 315X Read Remote Version Information Complete
May 21 08:09:48.922 HCI Command 0x0041 315X LE Read Remote Used Features - Connection Handle: 0x0041
May 21 08:09:48.922 HCI Event 0x0000 Command Status - LE Read Remote Used Features
May 21 08:09:48.923 HCI Command 0x0000 Vendor Specific Command
May 21 08:09:48.923 HCI Event 0x0000 Command Complete [FD82] -
May 21 08:09:48.952 LMP Sent 0x0041 315X LE Feature Request - Feature Set: 0x00000000000000FD
May 21 08:09:48.982 HCI Event 0x0041 315X LE - Read Remote Used Features Complete - DPLE Supported
May 21 08:09:48.982 LMP Received 0x0041 315X LE Feature Response - Feature Set: 0x00000000000000FD
May 21 08:09:49.012 LMP Sent 0x0041 315X LE Length Request
May 21 08:09:49.042 HCI Event 0x0041 315X LE - Data Length Change
May 21 08:09:49.042 LMP Received 0x0041 315X LE Length Response
May 21 08:09:49.044 ATT Send 0x0041 315X Exchange MTU Request - MTU: 185
May 21 08:09:49.101 ATT Receive 0x0041 315X Exchange MTU Response - MTU: 65
May 21 08:09:49.102 Config 0x0000 A(
May 21 08:09:49.102 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:49.102 Config 0x0000 A(
May 21 08:09:49.102 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:49.102 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:49.102 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:49.102 ATT Send 0x0041 315X Read By Type Request - Start Handle: 0x0008 - End Handle: 0x0008 - UUID: GATT Characteristic Declaration
May 21 08:09:49.130 HCI Event 0x0041 315X Number Of Completed Packets - Handle: 0x0041 - Packets: 0x0002
May 21 08:09:49.161 ATT Receive 0x0041 315X Error Response - Attribute Handle: 0x0008 - Error Code: Attribute Not Found (0x0A)
May 21 08:09:49.162 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:49.162 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:49.162 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:49.162 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:49.165 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:49.165 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:49.165 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:49.165 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:49.165 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:49.165 Config 0x0000 Invalid packet
May 21 08:09:49.169 ATT Send 0x0041 315X Read Request - Handle:0x0012
May 21 08:09:49.222 ATT Receive 0x0041 315X Read Response - Value: 4175 746F 6D6F 7765 7200 0000 0000 0000 …
May 21 08:09:49.224 ATT Send 0x0041 315X Write Request - Handle:0x000F - Value: 0100
May 21 08:09:49.250 HCI Event 0x0041 315X Number Of Completed Packets - Handle: 0x0041 - Packets: 0x0002
May 21 08:09:49.281 ATT Receive 0x0041 315X Write Response
对于 raspberry，我使用的是 noble (https://github.com/abandonware/noble)，我能够发现设备和读取特征，但看起来写入命令没有按预期工作。
hcidump
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo hcidump -t -x
HCI sniffer - Bluetooth packet analyzer ver 5.50
device: hci0 snap_len: 1500 filter: 0xffffffff
2020-06-02 08:49:48.643635 < HCI Command: Set Event Mask (0x03|0x0001) plen 8
Mask: 0xfffffbff07f8bf3d
2020-06-02 08:49:48.644192 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 4
Set Event Mask (0x03|0x0001) ncmd 1
status 0x00
2020-06-02 08:49:48.644641 < HCI Command: LE Set Event Mask (0x08|0x0001) plen 8
mask 0x1f00000000000000 (Reserved)
2020-06-02 08:49:48.645116 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 4
LE Set Event Mask (0x08|0x0001) ncmd 1
status 0x00
2020-06-02 08:49:48.645147 < HCI Command: Read Local Version Information (0x04|0x0001) plen 0
2020-06-02 08:49:48.645641 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 12
Read Local Version Information (0x04|0x0001) ncmd 1
status 0x00
HCI Version: 4.1 (0x7) HCI Revision: 0x1ed
LMP Version: 4.1 (0x7) LMP Subversion: 0x2209
Manufacturer: Broadcom Corporation (15)
2020-06-02 08:49:48.645672 < HCI Command: Write LE Host Supported (0x03|0x006d) plen 2
01 00
2020-06-02 08:49:48.646081 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 4
Write LE Host Supported (0x03|0x006d) ncmd 1
00
2020-06-02 08:49:48.646264 < HCI Command: Read LE Host Supported (0x03|0x006c) plen 0
2020-06-02 08:49:48.646731 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 6
Read LE Host Supported (0x03|0x006c) ncmd 1
00 01 00
2020-06-02 08:49:48.646767 < HCI Command: Read BD ADDR (0x04|0x0009) plen 0
2020-06-02 08:49:48.647206 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 10
Read BD ADDR (0x04|0x0009) ncmd 1
status 0x00 bdaddr B8:27:EB:08:5F:F0
2020-06-02 08:49:48.654744 < HCI Command: LE Set Scan Enable (0x08|0x000c) plen 2
value 0x00 (scanning disabled)
filter duplicates 0x01 (enabled)
2020-06-02 08:49:48.655164 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 4
LE Set Scan Enable (0x08|0x000c) ncmd 1
status 0x0c
Error: Command Disallowed
2020-06-02 08:49:48.655465 < HCI Command: LE Set Scan Parameters (0x08|0x000b) plen 7
type 0x01 (active)
interval 10.000ms window 10.000ms
own address: 0x00 (Public) policy: All
2020-06-02 08:49:48.655928 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 4
LE Set Scan Parameters (0x08|0x000b) ncmd 1
status 0x00
2020-06-02 08:49:48.669824 < HCI Command: LE Set Scan Enable (0x08|0x000c) plen 2
value 0x00 (scanning disabled)
filter duplicates 0x01 (enabled)
2020-06-02 08:49:48.670225 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 4
LE Set Scan Enable (0x08|0x000c) ncmd 1
status 0x0c
Error: Command Disallowed
2020-06-02 08:49:48.670261 < HCI Command: LE Set Scan Parameters (0x08|0x000b) plen 7
type 0x01 (active)
interval 10.000ms window 10.000ms
own address: 0x00 (Public) policy: All
2020-06-02 08:49:48.670716 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 4
LE Set Scan Parameters (0x08|0x000b) ncmd 1
status 0x00
2020-06-02 08:49:48.670754 < HCI Command: LE Set Scan Enable (0x08|0x000c) plen 2
value 0x01 (scanning enabled)
filter duplicates 0x01 (enabled)
2020-06-02 08:49:48.671215 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 4
LE Set Scan Enable (0x08|0x000c) ncmd 1
status 0x00
2020-06-02 08:49:48.842103 > HCI Event: LE Meta Event (0x3e) plen 27
LE Advertising Report
ADV_IND - Connectable undirected advertising (0)
bdaddr 9C:20:7B:BE:14:6E (Public)
Flags: 0x1a
Unknown type 0xff with 10 bytes data
RSSI: -68
2020-06-02 08:49:48.842525 > HCI Event: LE Meta Event (0x3e) plen 12
LE Advertising Report
SCAN_RSP - Scan Response (4)
bdaddr 9C:20:7B:BE:14:6E (Public)
RSSI: -68
2020-06-02 08:49:49.384917 > HCI Event: LE Meta Event (0x3e) plen 33
LE Advertising Report
ADV_IND - Connectable undirected advertising (0)
bdaddr C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 (Public)
Flags: 0x06
Unknown type 0x06 with 16 bytes data
RSSI: -95
2020-06-02 08:49:49.385781 > HCI Event: LE Meta Event (0x3e) plen 28
LE Advertising Report
SCAN_RSP - Scan Response (4)
bdaddr C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 (Public)
Unknown type 0xff with 8 bytes data
Shortened local name: '315X'
RSSI: -95
2020-06-02 08:49:49.392478 < HCI Command: LE Set Scan Enable (0x08|0x000c) plen 2
value 0x00 (scanning disabled)
filter duplicates 0x01 (enabled)
2020-06-02 08:49:49.394279 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 4
LE Set Scan Enable (0x08|0x000c) ncmd 1
status 0x00
2020-06-02 08:49:49.399822 < HCI Command: LE Create Connection (0x08|0x000d) plen 25
bdaddr C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 type 0
interval 96 window 48 initiator_filter 0
own_bdaddr_type 0 min_interval 6 max_interval 12
latency 0 supervision_to 200 min_ce 4 max_ce 6
2020-06-02 08:49:49.400717 > HCI Event: Command Status (0x0f) plen 4
LE Create Connection (0x08|0x000d) status 0x00 ncmd 1
2020-06-02 08:49:59.914436 > HCI Event: LE Meta Event (0x3e) plen 19
LE Connection Complete
status 0x00 handle 64, role master
bdaddr C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 (Public)
2020-06-02 08:49:59.914783 < HCI Command: LE Read Remote Used Features (0x08|0x0016) plen 2
40 00
2020-06-02 08:49:59.915700 > HCI Event: Command Status (0x0f) plen 4
LE Read Remote Used Features (0x08|0x0016) status 0x00 ncmd 1
2020-06-02 08:50:00.205123 > HCI Event: LE Meta Event (0x3e) plen 12
LE Read Remote Used Features Complete
status 0x00 handle 64
Features: 0x1d 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00
2020-06-02 08:50:00.211514 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 7
ATT: MTU req (0x02)
client rx mtu 256
2020-06-02 08:50:00.249993 > ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x02 dlen 7
ATT: MTU resp (0x03)
server rx mtu 65
2020-06-02 08:50:00.252698 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 11
ATT: Read By Group req (0x10)
start 0x0001, end 0xffff
type-uuid 0x2800
2020-06-02 08:50:00.295009 > HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 64 packets 2
2020-06-02 08:50:00.385200 > ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x02 dlen 18
ATT: Read By Group resp (0x11)
attr handle 0x0001, end group handle 0x0007
value 0x00 0x18
attr handle 0x0008, end group handle 0x0008
value 0x01 0x18
2020-06-02 08:50:00.386993 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 11
ATT: Read By Group req (0x10)
start 0x0009, end 0xffff
type-uuid 0x2800
2020-06-02 08:50:00.460829 > ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x02 dlen 26
ATT: Read By Group resp (0x11)
attr handle 0x0009, end group handle 0xffff
value 0xe4 0x6d 0xdc 0x75 0xbf 0xdd 0xe5 0x84 0x1a 0x42 0x0e 0x0b 0x01 0x00 0xbd 0x98
2020-06-02 08:50:00.464756 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 11
ATT: Read By Type req (0x08)
start 0x0009, end 0xffff
type-uuid 0x2803
2020-06-02 08:50:00.490056 > HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 64 packets 2
2020-06-02 08:50:00.520226 > ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x02 dlen 27
2020-06-02 08:50:00.535226 > ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x01 dlen 27
2020-06-02 08:50:00.580143 > ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x01 dlen 15
ATT: Read By Type resp (0x09)
length: 21
handle 0x000a, value 0x04 0x0b 0x00 0xe4 0x6d 0xdc 0x75 0xbf 0xdd 0xe5 0x84 0x1a 0x42 0x0e 0x0b 0x02 0x00 0xbd 0x98
handle 0x000d, value 0x12 0x0e 0x00 0xe4 0x6d 0xdc 0x75 0xbf 0xdd 0xe5 0x84 0x1a 0x42 0x0e 0x0b 0x03 0x00 0xbd 0x98
handle 0x0011, value 0x02 0x12 0x00 0xe4 0x6d 0xdc 0x75 0xbf 0xdd 0xe5 0x84 0x1a 0x42 0x0e 0x0b 0x04 0x00 0xbd 0x98
2020-06-02 08:50:00.582577 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 11
ATT: Read By Type req (0x08)
start 0x0013, end 0xffff
type-uuid 0x2803
2020-06-02 08:50:00.730061 > ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x02 dlen 9
ATT: Error (0x01)
Error: Attribute not found (10)
Read By Type req (0x08) on handle 0x0013
2020-06-02 08:50:00.737443 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 7
ATT: Read req (0x0a)
handle 0x0012
2020-06-02 08:50:00.759998 > HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 64 packets 2
2020-06-02 08:50:00.760889 > ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x02 dlen 25
ATT: Read resp (0x0b)
41 75 74 6F 6D 6F 77 65 72 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
2020-06-02 08:50:00.823478 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 32
ATT: Write cmd (0x52)
handle 0x000b value 0x02 0xfd 0x01 0x60 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x2e 0x01 0x49 0x01 0x1f 0x8f 0x07 0x50 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x04 0x0d
2020-06-02 08:50:00.828900 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 14
ATT: Write cmd (0x52)
handle 0x000b value 0x61 0x69 0x06 0xe0 0x00 0xf0 0x03
2020-06-02 08:50:00.940081 > HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 64 packets 2
2020-06-02 08:50:01.294462 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 24
ATT: Write cmd (0x52)
handle 0x000b value 0x02 0xfd 0x00 0xa0 0x00 0x91 0x1f 0x08 0xf7 0x05 0x00 0x7c 0x00 0x80 0x01 0x28 0x03
2020-06-02 08:50:01.562877 > HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 64 packets 1
2020-06-02 08:50:01.774077 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 32
ATT: Write cmd (0x52)
handle 0x000b value 0x02 0xfd 0x01 0x00 0x00 0x91 0x1f 0x08 0xf7 0x05 0x01 0x52 0x00 0x0a 0x0f 0x5a 0x12 0x00 0x20 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x02 0x30 0x03
2020-06-02 08:50:01.937876 > HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 64 packets 1
2020-06-02 08:50:02.281245 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 32
ATT: Write cmd (0x52)
handle 0x000b value 0x02 0xfd 0x01 0x00 0x00 0x91 0x1f 0x08 0xf7 0x05 0x01 0x52 0x00 0x0a 0x0f 0x38 0x12 0x00 0x20 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x08 0xe0 0x03
2020-06-02 08:50:02.562878 > HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 64 packets 1
2020-06-02 08:50:02.773394 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 32
ATT: Write cmd (0x52)
handle 0x000b value 0x02 0xfd 0x01 0x20 0x00 0x91 0x1f 0x08 0xf7 0x05 0x01 0x28 0x00 0x0a 0x0f 0x38 0x12 0x00 0x40 0x00 0x02 0x00 0x0d 0x20 0x04
2020-06-02 08:50:02.776651 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 9
ATT: Write cmd (0x52)
handle 0x000b value 0xee 0x03
2020-06-02 08:50:02.876322 > HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 64 packets 2
2020-06-02 08:50:03.284576 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 32
ATT: Write cmd (0x52)
handle 0x000b value 0x02 0xfd 0x01 0x00 0x00 0x91 0x1f 0x08 0xf7 0x05 0x01 0x52 0x00 0x0a 0x0f 0x38 0x12 0x00 0x30 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x10 0x03
2020-06-02 08:50:03.437917 > HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 64 packets 1
2020-06-02 08:50:03.773593 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 32
ATT: Write cmd (0x52)
handle 0x000b value 0x02 0xfd 0x01 0x00 0x00 0x91 0x1f 0x08 0xf7 0x05 0x01 0x52 0x00 0x0a 0x0f 0xea 0x11 0x00 0x50 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x0e 0xc0 0x03
2020-06-02 08:50:03.937996 > HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 64 packets 1
我注意到 iOs 我有一个加密过程，看起来像是在连接时自动触发的：
a May 21 08:09:48.706 HCI Command 0x0041 315X LE Start Encryption - Connection Handle: 0x0041
而在 Pi 上我只有一个创建连接：
2020-06-02 08:49:49.399822 < HCI Command: LE Create Connection (0x08|0x000d) plen 25
bdaddr C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 type 0
interval 96 window 48 initiator_filter 0
own_bdaddr_type 0 min_interval 6 max_interval 12
latency 0 supervision_to 200 min_ce 4 max_ce 6
我尝试使用 bluetoothctl 手动配对 BLE 设备，但看起来配对不起作用：
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ bluetoothctl
Agent registered
[bluetooth]# connect C4:64:E3:9B:04:44
Attempting to connect to C4:64:E3:9B:04:44
[CHG] Device C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 Connected: yes
Connection successful
[NEW] Primary Service
/org/bluez/hci0/dev_C4_64_E3_9B_04_44/service0008
00001801-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
Generic Attribute Profile
[NEW] Primary Service
/org/bluez/hci0/dev_C4_64_E3_9B_04_44/service0009
98bd0001-0b0e-421a-84e5-ddbf75dc6de4
Vendor specific
[NEW] Characteristic
/org/bluez/hci0/dev_C4_64_E3_9B_04_44/service0009/char000a
98bd0002-0b0e-421a-84e5-ddbf75dc6de4
Vendor specific
[NEW] Descriptor
/org/bluez/hci0/dev_C4_64_E3_9B_04_44/service0009/char000a/desc000c
00002901-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
Characteristic User Description
[NEW] Characteristic
/org/bluez/hci0/dev_C4_64_E3_9B_04_44/service0009/char000d
98bd0003-0b0e-421a-84e5-ddbf75dc6de4
Vendor specific
[NEW] Descriptor
/org/bluez/hci0/dev_C4_64_E3_9B_04_44/service0009/char000d/desc000f
00002902-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
Client Characteristic Configuration
[NEW] Descriptor
/org/bluez/hci0/dev_C4_64_E3_9B_04_44/service0009/char000d/desc0010
00002901-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
Characteristic User Description
[NEW] Characteristic
/org/bluez/hci0/dev_C4_64_E3_9B_04_44/service0009/char0011
98bd0004-0b0e-421a-84e5-ddbf75dc6de4
Vendor specific
[NEW] Descriptor
/org/bluez/hci0/dev_C4_64_E3_9B_04_44/service0009/char0011/desc0013
00002901-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
Characteristic User Description
[CHG] Device C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 UUIDs: 00001800-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
[CHG] Device C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 UUIDs: 00001801-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
[CHG] Device C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 UUIDs: 98bd0001-0b0e-421a-84e5-ddbf75dc6de4
[CHG] Device C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 ServicesResolved: yes
[315X]# pair C4:64:E3:9B:04:44
Attempting to pair with C4:64:E3:9B:04:44
Failed to pair: org.bluez.Error.AuthenticationFailed
[CHG] Device C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 ServicesResolved: no
[CHG] Device C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 Connected: no
编辑
好的，当我尝试订阅通知特征但配对失败时，似乎正在触发加密过程：
2020-06-02 10:57:45.657381 > ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x02 dlen 9
ATT: Error (0x01)
Error: Insufficient authentication (5)
Read By Type req (0x08) on handle 0x000f
2020-06-02 10:57:45.658692 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 11
SMP: Pairing Request (0x01)
capability 0x03 oob 0x00 auth req 0x01
max key size 0x10 init key dist 0x00 resp key dist 0x01
Capability: NoInputNoOutput (OOB data not present)
Authentication: Bonding (No MITM Protection)
Initiator Key Distribution:
Responder Key Distribution: LTK
2020-06-02 10:57:45.687326 > ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x02 dlen 6
SMP: Pairing Failed (0x05)
reason 0x05
Reason Pairing Not Supported
我不知道如何解决这个配对问题
编辑 2
看起来这是一个设备问题，它允许配对不一致或正在通过特定的 gatt 命令激活，我将深入研究以找出
这似乎是因为 Raspberry Pi 不支持配对。您可以通过结合使用 btmgmt 和 bluetoothctl 命令来解决此问题：-
sudo btmgmt power off
sudo btmgmt discov on
sudo btmgmt connectable on
sudo btmgmt pairable on
sudo btmgmt power on
此外，根据您的日志，您已将 IO Capability 设置为 0x03 (NoInputNoOutput)。您可以通过使用以下命令启动 bluetoothctl 来更改此设置：-
bluetoothctl --agent KeyboardDisplay
之后，系统会提示您输入密钥或接受 Raspberry Pi 上的传入连接。您可以尝试所有不同的 IO 功能，看看哪一个最适合您。执行此操作的命令是：-
bluetoothctl --agent DisplayOnly
bluetoothctl --agent DisplayYesNo
bluetoothctl --agent KeyboardOnly
bluetoothctl --agent NoInputNoOutput
bluetoothctl --agent KeyboardDisplay
可以在下面的链接中找到更多详细信息
希望对您有所帮助。
我遇到了类似的问题。我使用了 Raspberry Pi 4 和 nRF Connect 工具。
我可以绑定设备并连接它。但是，即使绑定后，它也无法读取加密的 gatt 特性。
问题的根本原因和解决方案在 this Github Link.
中给出问题：
- 启动 Pi。
- 启动代理、广告和 gatt 服务器。
- 绑定设备。
- 连接它。
- 尝试读取加密特征。失败了。
根本原因：
After much digging, I noticed that this problem is caused by the state the bluetooth chip is in at the time BlueZ is fired up (you can check the state with hciconfig hci0). If it's in "UP RUNNING" state or in "UP RUNNING PSCAN ISCAN" state, BlueZ complains with one or more of these:
Failed to set mode: Rejected (0x0b) Failed to set mode: Rejected (0x0b) Failed to set privacy: Rejected (0x0b)
But if it's in "DOWN" state, BlueZ starts with no issues. So, you first have to do hciconfig hci0 down before the bluetooth service starts up. But before you can use hciconfig, you also need to ensure the sys-subsystem-bluetooth-devices-hci0.device service has started!
解决方案一：
我最终禁用了自动启动顺序，运行 这个脚本改为：
systemctl start sys-subsystem-bluetooth-devices-hci0.device; hciconfig hci0 down; systemctl start bluetooth
方案二：
Delaying the running of bthelper by a couple of seconds fixed this issue for me, without me having to disable the automatic boot sequence and run any manual commands.
I added an ExecStartPre line to /lib/systemd/system/bthelper@.service such that the Service section now looks like this:
[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStartPre=/bin/sleep 2
ExecStart=/usr/bin/bthelper %I