在单独的文件中定义特征

Definition of traits in a separate file

我定义了两个结构体

pub struct Rect {
    pub width:  f32,
    pub length: f32
}

//and

pub struct Circle {
    pub radius:  f32
}

然后我定义了一个特征 Area 并为 CircleRect 实现了这个特征。当我将所有源代码放在一个 main.rs 文件中时,一切正常。

现在我要整理我的源代码。特别是,我想创建一个文件夹 /src/geometry,在该文件夹下创建三个 rs 文件:

// /src/geometry/rect.rs
pub struct Rect {
    pub width:  f32,
    pub length: f32
}
// /src/geometry/circle.rs
pub struct Circle {
    pub radius:  f32
}

// /src/geometry/traits.rs
pub trait Area {
    fn area(&self) -> f32;
}

最后我想使用 main.rs 中的这些结构。

我花了几天时间,通读了我在互联网上找到的所有示例,但仍然无法正常工作。有什么建议吗?

更新: 项目结构:

src
  geometry
     rect.rs 
     circle.rs
     traits.rs
  geometry.rs
  main.rs
// rect.rs

pub struct Rect {
    pub width:  f32,
    pub length: f32
}

impl Area for Rect {
    fn area(&self) -> f32 {
        self.width * self.length
    }
}

impl Perimeter for Rect {
    fn perimeter(&self) -> f32 {
        2.0*(self.width + self.length)
    }
}
// circle.rs

pub struct Circle {
    pub radius:  f32
}

impl Area for Circle {
    fn area(&self) -> f32 {
        3.14*self.radius*self.radius
    }
}

impl Perimeter for Circle {
    fn perimeter(&self) -> f32 {
        2.0*3.14*self.radius
    }
}
// traits.rs

pub trait Perimeter {
    fn perimeter(&self) -> f32;
}

pub trait Area {
    fn area(&self) -> f32;
}
// geometry.rs
pub mod rect;
pub mod circle;
// main.rs

mod geometry;
use geometry::rect::Rect;
use geometry::circle::Circle;

fn main() {
     let rect = Rect{ width: 1.0, length: 2.0 };
     let circle = Circle{ radius: 2.3 };

     println!("{}", rect.area());
     println!("{}", circle.area());
}

编译器错误消息

error[E0405]: cannot find trait `Area` in this scope
 --> src/geometry/rect.rs:6:6
  |
6 | impl Area for Rect {
  |      ^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0405]: cannot find trait `Perimeter` in this scope
  --> src/geometry/rect.rs:12:6
   |
12 | impl Perimeter for Rect {
   |      ^^^^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0405]: cannot find trait `Area` in this scope
 --> src/geometry/circle.rs:5:6
  |
5 | impl Area for Circle {
  |      ^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0405]: cannot find trait `Perimeter` in this scope
  --> src/geometry/circle.rs:11:6
   |
11 | impl Perimeter for Circle {
   |      ^^^^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error: aborting due to 4 previous errors

For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0405`.
error: could not compile `chapter10`.

首先,您需要在 circle.rsrect.rs 中添加 use crate::geometry::traits::{Area, Perimeter};:这会处理您粘贴的错误。

然后,在main.rs中你需要use geometry::traits::Area;否则你不能调用.area()方法。为此,您需要在 geometry.rs 中制作 traits 模块 public:pub mod traits;(或至少 public 在板条箱中:pub(crate) mod traits;).

就我个人而言,我也会将 geometry.rs 重命名为 geometry/mod.rs