如何在 Tkinter 中使用网格水平拉伸单元格？

Question

我正在使用 tkinter 制作简单的 GUI，我想让它变得太简单和酷所以我想在屏幕上填充这个标签 ********** 但没有选项对于 fill 在网格中，就像在包中一样，所以我正在寻找替代方案。

代码如下：

import tkinter
import os


def submit():
    os.chdir("/home/samip/forms")
    with open(f'{user_val.get()}.txt', 'w') as file:
        file.write(f'''Person Details
        User: {user_val.get()}
        Age: {age_val.get()}
        Address: {address_val.get()}
        ''')
        quit()




root = tkinter.Tk()
root.geometry("400x200")
root.maxsize(400, 200)
root.minsize(400, 200)
root.title("Mars form")

lab = tkinter.Label(text="Mars Form", font=("Arial", 15, "bold"), bg="orange", fg="white", padx=10)
lab.grid()

user = tkinter.Label(text="Name:")
age = tkinter.Label(text="Age:")
address = tkinter.Label(text="Address:")

user.grid()
age.grid()
address.grid()
user_val = tkinter.StringVar()
age_val = tkinter.StringVar()
address_val = tkinter.StringVar()

user_val_entry = tkinter.Entry(root, textvariable=user_val)
age_val_entry = tkinter.Entry(root, textvariable=age_val)
address_val_entry = tkinter.Entry(root, textvariable=address_val)
user_val_entry.grid(row=1, column=1)
age_val_entry.grid(row=2, column=1)
address_val_entry.grid(row=3, column=1)


tkinter.Button(root, text="Submit", command=submit).grid(row=4, column=1)

root.mainloop()

我要填写的标签在第 24 行。

Answer 1

您正在搜索 columnspan 和 sticky：

import tkinter
import os


def submit():
    os.chdir("/home/samip/forms")
    with open(f'{user_val.get()}.txt', 'w') as file:
        file.write(f'''Person Details
        User: {user_val.get()}
        Age: {age_val.get()}
        Address: {address_val.get()}
        ''')
        quit()




root = tkinter.Tk()
root.geometry("400x200")
root.maxsize(400, 200)
root.minsize(400, 200)
root.title("Mars form")

lab = tkinter.Label(text="Mars Form", font=("Arial", 15, "bold"), bg="orange", fg="white", padx=10)
lab.grid(columnspan=2, sticky='ew')

user = tkinter.Label(text="Name:")
age = tkinter.Label(text="Age:")
address = tkinter.Label(text="Address:")

user.grid()
age.grid()
address.grid()
user_val = tkinter.StringVar()
age_val = tkinter.StringVar()
address_val = tkinter.StringVar()

user_val_entry = tkinter.Entry(root, textvariable=user_val)
age_val_entry = tkinter.Entry(root, textvariable=age_val)
address_val_entry = tkinter.Entry(root, textvariable=address_val)
user_val_entry.grid(row=1, column=1)
age_val_entry.grid(row=2, column=1)
address_val_entry.grid(row=3, column=1)


tkinter.Button(root, text="Submit", command=submit).grid(row=4, column=1)

root.mainloop()

这一行(25)在这里：

lab.grid(columnspan=2, sticky='ew')

我使用 columnspan 告诉 tkinter 合并给定数字 中的列。 sticky 告诉 tkinter 这个小部件 坚持 'ew' 东和西 。你会发现带有 sticky='nsew' 的代码表示 东西南北 .

并出docs：

-columnspan n Insert the slave so that it occupies n columns in the grid. The default is one column, unless the window name is followed by a -, in which case the columnspan is incremented once for each immediately following -.

-sticky style If a slave's cell is larger than its requested dimensions, this option may be used to position (or stretch) the slave within its cell. Style is a string that contains zero or more of the characters n, s, e or w. The string can optionally contains spaces or commas, but they are ignored. Each letter refers to a side (north, south, east, or west) that the slave will “stick” to. If both n and s (or e and w) are specified, the slave will be stretched to fill the entire height (or width) of its cavity. The -sticky option subsumes the combination of -anchor and -fill that is used by pack. The default is “”, which causes the slave to be centered in its cavity, at its requested size.

更新

您的后续问题是：

It worked to some extend but I was look for alternative for fill the columnspan only takes effect with 2 I tried other values but others have no effect

根据您的代码，您最好的选择是使用 grid_columnconfigure(*column, *weight) tkinter 的方法。可以找到完美的解释 .

为什么这是您的最佳选择？就因为你用了tkinter的geometry方法。那么它是如何工作的呢？

tkinter 会自行计算 window 的大小，如果开发人员没有预定义任何内容。因此，您也可以只删除几何方法的行以产生类似的效果。

但是由于您已经预定义了您构建的几何体 space。 tkinter 的 grid 方法也会根据它包含的最大 widget 自动计算一列或一行的大小。因此，如果您拥有的最大小部件是 configured (width=100) 并且宽度以像素为单位定义，您将获得每个 column 宽度为 100 像素。与 row 和 height.

相同

这就是为什么你需要使用 tkinter 的 grid_columnconfigure 方法。简而言之，如果 space.

为空，此方法告诉 tkinter 哪个小部件具有获取 space 的优先级

可以在下面找到我编辑的完整示例：

根列配置。
将您的按钮绑定到一个变量。
将网格方法与变量分开。因为每一种方法 returns 东西。
编辑了网格参数使其以 (column=0, columnspan=2)

import tkinter
import os

  
def submit():
    os.chdir("/home/samip/forms")
    with open(f'{user_val.get()}.txt', 'w') as file:
        file.write(f'''Person Details
        User: {user_val.get()}
        Age: {age_val.get()}
        Address: {address_val.get()}
        ''')
        quit()




root = tkinter.Tk()
root.geometry("400x200")
root.maxsize(400, 200)
root.minsize(400, 200)
root.title("Mars form")

lab = tkinter.Label(text="Mars Form", font=("Arial", 15, "bold"), bg="orange", fg="white", padx=10)
lab.grid(columnspan=2, sticky='ew')
root.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)

user = tkinter.Label(text="Name:")
age = tkinter.Label(text="Age:")
address = tkinter.Label(text="Address:")

user.grid()
age.grid()
address.grid()
user_val = tkinter.StringVar()
age_val = tkinter.StringVar()
address_val = tkinter.StringVar()

user_val_entry = tkinter.Entry(root, textvariable=user_val)
age_val_entry = tkinter.Entry(root, textvariable=age_val)
address_val_entry = tkinter.Entry(root, textvariable=address_val)
user_val_entry.grid(row=1, column=1)
age_val_entry.grid(row=2, column=1)
address_val_entry.grid(row=3, column=1)


b1 = tkinter.Button(root, text="Submit", command=submit)
b1.grid(row=4, ,column=0, columnspan=2)

root.mainloop()

现在你应该知道tkinter网格方法的所有基本信息了。玩得开心！

如何在 Tkinter 中使用网格水平拉伸单元格？

How to stretch cell horizontally using grid in Tkinter?

python

user-interface

tkinter

grid-layout

python-3.x

更新