在 Dart 的可选参数构造函数中使用构造函数初始化成员

Question

根据我的以下代码，我想要 class Hero 的 构造函数 需要 Stats class作为一个可选参数，它有一个默认值基于它的构造函数 （设置它的健康和攻击领域的那个通过可选的命名参数为 100 和 10) 而不是 null.

void main() {
  Hero hero = Hero("Foo");
  print('${hero.name} : HP ${hero.stats.health}');
}
class Stats {
  Stats({this.health = 100, this.attack = 10});
  double health;
  double attack;
}
class Hero {
  // error: The default value of an optional parameter must be constant
  Hero(this.name,[this.stats = Stats()]);
  String name;
  Stats stats;
}

我尝试过的更多东西：

class Hero {
  // error: Can't have a const constructor for a class with non-final fields
  Hero(this.name,[this.stats = const Stats()]);
  String name;
  Stats stats;
}

class Hero {
  // error: stats initialized as null
  Hero(this.name,[this.stats]);
  String name;
  Stats stats = Stats();
}

以下代码有效，但它没有将统计信息作为可选参数：

class Hero {
  Hero(this.name);
  String name;
  Stats stats = Stats();
}

Answer 1

（在评论中归功于 @jamesdlin for linking to ）

In general, if there isn't a const constructor available, you instead can resort to using a null default value (or some other appropriate sentinel value) and then setting the desired value later:

class Foo {
  Bar bar;

  Foo({Bar bar}) : bar = bar ?? Bar();
}

(Note that explicitly passing null as an argument will do something different with this approach than if you had set the default value directly. That is, Foo(bar: null) with this approach will initialize bar to Bar(), whereas with a normal default value it would initialize bar to null. In some cases, however, this approach's behavior might be more desirable.)

在 Dart 的可选参数构造函数中使用构造函数初始化成员

Initializing member with constructor in an optional parameter constructor in Dart

constructor

optional-parameters

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