带有通用记录器参数的 .NET Core 3 ExceptionHandler - AmbiguousMatchException

.NET Core 3 ExceptionHandler with Generic Logger parameter - AmbiguousMatchException

我正在尝试为一个 API 项目实施 .NET Core 3 app.UseExceptionHandler,但是每个 API 控制器都有一个通用记录器,我想将其传递给错误方法。例如,如果错误发生在我的 WorkingController 中,我希望 ILogger<WorkingController> 成为日志记录实体。我发现使用内置的 ExceptionHandler,我丢失了一些请求的上下文,如果可能的话我想捕获这个上下文。

这是我所有的 API 方法以前的样子:

[Route("api/working")]
[ApiController]
public class WorkingController 
{
    private readonly ILogger<WorkingController> _logger;
    
    public WorkingController(ILogger<WorkingController> logger)
    {
        _logger = logger;
    }
    
    [Route("workingRoute")]
    public IActionResult SomeMethod()
    {
        _logger.LogInformation("Starting SomeMethod");
        try
        {
            // doing some stuff here
        }
        catch(Exception ex)
        {
            _logger.LogError(ex, "Something happened");
            return Problem();
        }
        return Ok();
    }
}

我尝试设置一个 BaseErrorController,其他控制器可以从中继承:

[ApiController]
public abstract class BaseErrorController<T> : ControllerBase
{
    protected readonly ILogger<T> Logger;

    public BaseErrorController(ILogger<T> logger)
    {
        Logger = logger;
    }

    [AllowAnonymous]
    [Route("/error")]
    public IActionResult Error()
    {
        var context = HttpContext.Features.Get<IExceptionHandlerPathFeature>();

        if (context != null)
        {
            var ex = context.Error;
            Logger.LogError(ex, $"{context.Path} failed - {ex.Message}");
            return Problem(
                    detail: context.Error.StackTrace,
                    title: context.Error.Message);
        }

        return Problem();
    }

}

现在我以前的 WorkingController 看起来像这样,可以说它更干净(代码更少):

[Route("api/working")]
[ApiController]
public class WorkingController : BaseErrorController<WorkingController>
{
    public WorkingController(ILogger<WorkingController> logger) : base(logger) { }
    
    [Route("workingRoute")]
    public IActionResult SomeMethod()
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("Starting SomeMethod");
        // doing some stuff here
        return Ok();
    }
}

在 Startup.cs 中,我用 app.UseExceptionHandler("/error") 注册了这一切,它似乎工作正常。 . . except 现在在我的日志中,我看到以下错误(因为我有多个控制器实现了这个基本控制器):

An exception was thrown attempting to execute the error handler. 
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Diagnostics.ExceptionHandlerMiddleware
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing.Matching.AmbiguousMatchException: The request matched multiple endpoints. 
Matches:     Namespace.Controllers.WorkingController.Error (Namespace)  
             Namespace.Controllers.AnotherController.Error (Namespace)     
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing.Matching.DefaultEndpointSelector.ReportAmbiguity(CandidateState[] candidateState)          
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing.Matching.DefaultEndpointSelector.ProcessFinalCandidates(HttpContext httpContext, CandidateState[] candidateState)          
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing.Matching.DefaultEndpointSelector.Select(HttpContext httpContext, CandidateState[] candidateState)          
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing.Matching.DfaMatcher.MatchAsync(HttpContext httpContext)          
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing.Matching.DataSourceDependentMatcher.MatchAsync(HttpContext httpContext)          
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing.EndpointRoutingMiddleware.Invoke(HttpContext httpContext)          
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Diagnostics.ExceptionHandlerMiddleware.HandleException(HttpContext context, ExceptionDispatchInfo edi)

有人知道这里的解决方案是什么吗? ExceptionHandler 是否存在过载,这可能正是我正在寻找的?这个解决方案是不是太精品了,我应该回到我之前做的事情?帮助我,Stack Overflow。谢谢!

不幸的是,根本没有 built-in 方法可以干净利落地做到这一点。你可以在这里找到一个包来帮助(我没看过),或者你可能想要 re-write ASP.NET 核心的某些部分,但我真的不想那样做。

还有另一种方法,根据您更喜欢哪个版本,recommended/recommended 反对,但我赞成前者。我没有在控制器级别出现 throwing/catching 异常,而是将控制器视为最愚蠢的东西,所以它们只是调用一些服务,仅此而已。

如果您想知道在何处引发了异常,或者您特别希望异常未被捕获,我的团队遵循的策略是创建自定义异常。然后您可以不捕获这些(并且 HTTP500 将返回给调用者)或者您可以有一个自定义中间件并在那里定义应该发生什么。

以下是一个示例,完全写在这里,因此可能需要进行一些更改,它只是为了演示一种可能的方法,而不是一个工作演示。

给定一些对您的域有效的例外情况:

public class UserNotFoundException : Exception { public Guid UserId { get; set; } }
public class InvalidModelException : Exception { }

还有一个异常处理程序:

public class MyCustomExceptionHandlerMiddleware
{
    private readonly ILogger<MyCustomExceptionHandlerMiddleware> _logger;

    public MyCustomExceptionHandlerMiddleware(ILogger<MyCustomExceptionHandlerMiddleware> logger)
    {
        _logger = logger;
    }

    public async Task Invoke(RequestDelegate next)
    {
        try
        {
            await next(); // without this, the request doesn't execute any further
        }
        catch (UserNotFoundException userNotFound)
        {
            _logger.LogError(userNotFound, "The user was not found");
            // manipulate the response here, possibly return HTTP404
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            _logger.LogError(ex, "Something really bad happened");
           //  manipulate the response here
        }
    }
}

你可以有这样的东西:

public class UsersService : IUsersService
{
    private readonly ILogger<UsersService> _logger;
    private readonly UsersContext _context;

    // assume UsersContext is an EntityFramework context or some database service
    public UsersService(ILogger<UsersService> logger, UsersContext context)
    {
        _logger = logger;
        _context = context;
    }

    public async Task<User> GetUserAsync(Guid userId)
    {
        try 
        {
            if (userId == Guid.Empty)
            {
                throw new InvalidModelException();
            }

            var user = await _context.FindUserAsync(userId);

            if (user == null)
            {
                throw new UserNotFoundException(userId);
            }

            return user;
        }
        catch (InvalidModelException invalidModel)
        {
            _logger.LogWarning("The received user id is empty");
            return null;
        }
    }
}

及其对应的控制器:

public class UsersController : ControllerBase
{
    private readonly IUsersService _usersService;

    public UsersController(IUsersService usersService)
    {
        _usersService = usersService;
    }

    [HttpGet("userId:guid")]
    public async Task<IActionResult> GetUser(Guid userId)
    {
        var user = await _usersService.GetUserAsync(userId);

        if (user == null)
        {
            return BadRequest();
        }

        return Ok(user);
    }
}

同样,这只是一个演示如何处理此问题的示例,通常您会以更一致的方式进行输入验证。