如何将 N 位写入 QByteArray
How to write N bits to QByteArray
我的任务是解码 RTP 数据包并提取该数据包的有效载荷(音频数据)。为了绕过所有 RTP header 字段,我有这个功能:
quint32 readNBitsByRange(quint32 position, quint32 count, const QByteArray &array)
{
quint32 accuml = 0;
while (count != 0) {
const quint32 l = (8 - position % 8);
const quint32 u = (l < count ? l : count);
const quint32 f = (8 - u);
accuml <<= u;
accuml |= ((*(array.data() + position / 8) << (8 - l)) & (((1 << u) - 1) << f)) >> f;
position += u;
count -= u;
}
return accuml;
}
作为参数,该函数采用将进行读取的位置、位数以及应从中进行读取的缓冲区。由于这个功能,我可以读取所有 RTP header 字段。使用此函数的示例:
int main()
{
// ... We get The RTP packet in binary form and write it to QByteArray ...
QByteArray array;
for (quint32 i = 0; i < rtpBinaryDataLength; ++i) {
array.push_back(rtpBinaryData[i]);
}
// 0 1 2 3
// 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
// +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
// |V=2|P|X| CC |M| PT | sequence number |
// +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
// | timestamp |
// +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
// | synchronization source (SSRC) identifier |
// +=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+
// | contributing source (CSRC) identifiers |
// | .... |
// +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
quint16 rtpVersion = readNBitsByRange(0x000, 0x002, array);
quint16 rtpPadding = readNBitsByRange(0x002, 0x001, array);
quint16 rtpExtension = readNBitsByRange(0x003, 0x001, array);
// .. And so on ...
}
一切正常!但问题来了!现在我的任务是将 RTP 数据包值写入 QByteArray。我不知道该怎么做!我们只知道,比如RTP包的4个字段(V,P,X,CC)的值必须写入buffer的第1字节。
我想要一个示例功能,例如阅读功能,以便您可以轻松使用它。函数示例:
void writeNBits(quint32 position, quint32 count, quint32 val, QByteArray &array)
{
// ...
}
我尝试将所有值写入 header,然后将它们写入 QByteArray:
struct RtpHeader
{
unsigned m_v :2;
unsigned m_p :1;
unsigned m_x :1;
unsigned m_cc:4;
unsigned m_m :1;
unsigned m_pt:7;
uint16_t m_sn;
uint32_t m_tm;
uint32_t m_ssrc;
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
RtpHeader hdr;
hdr.m_v = 2;
hdr.m_p = 0;
hdr.m_x = 0;
hdr.m_cc = 0;
hdr.m_m = 1;
hdr.m_pt = 8;
hdr.m_sn = 59133;
hdr.m_tm = 240;
hdr.m_ssrc = 0xDEE0EE8F;
QByteArray array(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&hdr), sizeof(hdr));
for (quint8 i = 0; i < 240; i++) {
array.push_back(0xD5); // Silence
}
QFile file("./rawRtpPacket.bin");
file.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly);
file.write(array);
file.close();
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
但这不是我应该得到的!
例如,我应该收到一个 12 字节 header 的这些结果:
80 88 E6 FD 00 00 00 F0 DE E0 EE 8F
但我得到不同的结果:
02 11 FD E6 F0 00 00 00 8F EE E0 DE
如果你仔细看,从4字节到12字节,我必须镜像这些值,但是以牺牲前两个字节为代价,我无法理解为什么我得到一个完全不同的。
我写:V-2、P-0、X-0、CC-0 应该得到 10000000
,但我得到 00000010
经过一番尝试,我发现了一个更正确的写法RTP
数据包在QByteArray
中的写法,并意识到了我之前的错误。因此,我在 QByteArray
:
中编写了正确 RTP
数据包条目的示例版本
class RtpHeader
{
public:
quint16 m_vp:0x02;
quint16 m_pf:0x01;
quint16 m_xf:0x01;
quint16 m_cc:0x04;
quint16 m_mb:0x01;
quint16 m_pt:0x07;
quint16 m_sn;
quint32 m_tm;
quint32 m_ss;
};
class RtpHeaderEncoder
{
public:
RtpHeaderEncoder(void) noexcept = delete;
RtpHeaderEncoder &operator=(const RtpHeaderEncoder &) noexcept = delete;
RtpHeaderEncoder &operator=(RtpHeaderEncoder &&) noexcept = delete;
RtpHeaderEncoder(const RtpHeaderEncoder &) noexcept = delete;
RtpHeaderEncoder(RtpHeaderEncoder &&) noexcept = delete;
~RtpHeaderEncoder(void) noexcept = delete;
static QByteArray encode(const RtpHeader &hdr) noexcept;
};
QByteArray RtpHeaderEncoder::encode(const RtpHeader &hdr) noexcept
{
QByteArray array;
if ((hdr.m_vp == 0x02) && (hdr.m_pf == 0x00) && (hdr.m_cc <= 0x0F) && (hdr.m_pt <= 0x12)) {
QDataStream stream(&array, QIODevice::WriteOnly);
stream << (((hdr.m_vp & 0x00003) << 0x01E)|
((hdr.m_pf & 0x00001) << 0x01D)|
((hdr.m_xf & 0x00001) << 0x01C)|
((hdr.m_cc & 0x0000F) << 0x018)|
((hdr.m_mb & 0x00001) << 0x017)|
((hdr.m_pt & 0x0007F) << 0x010)|
((hdr.m_sn & 0x0FFFF) << 0x000));
stream << hdr.m_tm << hdr.m_ss;
}
return array;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
RtpHeader hdr;
hdr.m_vp = 2;
hdr.m_pf = 0;
hdr.m_xf = 0;
hdr.m_cc = 0;
hdr.m_mb = 0;
hdr.m_pt = 8;
hdr.m_sn = 1;
hdr.m_tm = 201452158;
hdr.m_ss = 111537764;
QFile file("./rawRtpHeader.bin");
file.open (QIODevice::WriteOnly);
file.write(RtpHeaderEncoder::encode(hdr));
file.close();
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
这种方法既安全又能保证fixed RTP
packet header are filled in correctly. If you need to fill QByteArray
and payload的所有字段,然后在用包头填充数组后,我们自己写入payload。
P.S。如果有任何与代码相关的问题或意见,我将很乐意回答并接受批评。
我的任务是解码 RTP 数据包并提取该数据包的有效载荷(音频数据)。为了绕过所有 RTP header 字段,我有这个功能:
quint32 readNBitsByRange(quint32 position, quint32 count, const QByteArray &array)
{
quint32 accuml = 0;
while (count != 0) {
const quint32 l = (8 - position % 8);
const quint32 u = (l < count ? l : count);
const quint32 f = (8 - u);
accuml <<= u;
accuml |= ((*(array.data() + position / 8) << (8 - l)) & (((1 << u) - 1) << f)) >> f;
position += u;
count -= u;
}
return accuml;
}
作为参数,该函数采用将进行读取的位置、位数以及应从中进行读取的缓冲区。由于这个功能,我可以读取所有 RTP header 字段。使用此函数的示例:
int main()
{
// ... We get The RTP packet in binary form and write it to QByteArray ...
QByteArray array;
for (quint32 i = 0; i < rtpBinaryDataLength; ++i) {
array.push_back(rtpBinaryData[i]);
}
// 0 1 2 3
// 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
// +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
// |V=2|P|X| CC |M| PT | sequence number |
// +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
// | timestamp |
// +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
// | synchronization source (SSRC) identifier |
// +=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+
// | contributing source (CSRC) identifiers |
// | .... |
// +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
quint16 rtpVersion = readNBitsByRange(0x000, 0x002, array);
quint16 rtpPadding = readNBitsByRange(0x002, 0x001, array);
quint16 rtpExtension = readNBitsByRange(0x003, 0x001, array);
// .. And so on ...
}
一切正常!但问题来了!现在我的任务是将 RTP 数据包值写入 QByteArray。我不知道该怎么做!我们只知道,比如RTP包的4个字段(V,P,X,CC)的值必须写入buffer的第1字节。
我想要一个示例功能,例如阅读功能,以便您可以轻松使用它。函数示例:
void writeNBits(quint32 position, quint32 count, quint32 val, QByteArray &array)
{
// ...
}
我尝试将所有值写入 header,然后将它们写入 QByteArray:
struct RtpHeader
{
unsigned m_v :2;
unsigned m_p :1;
unsigned m_x :1;
unsigned m_cc:4;
unsigned m_m :1;
unsigned m_pt:7;
uint16_t m_sn;
uint32_t m_tm;
uint32_t m_ssrc;
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
RtpHeader hdr;
hdr.m_v = 2;
hdr.m_p = 0;
hdr.m_x = 0;
hdr.m_cc = 0;
hdr.m_m = 1;
hdr.m_pt = 8;
hdr.m_sn = 59133;
hdr.m_tm = 240;
hdr.m_ssrc = 0xDEE0EE8F;
QByteArray array(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&hdr), sizeof(hdr));
for (quint8 i = 0; i < 240; i++) {
array.push_back(0xD5); // Silence
}
QFile file("./rawRtpPacket.bin");
file.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly);
file.write(array);
file.close();
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
但这不是我应该得到的! 例如,我应该收到一个 12 字节 header 的这些结果:
80 88 E6 FD 00 00 00 F0 DE E0 EE 8F
但我得到不同的结果:
02 11 FD E6 F0 00 00 00 8F EE E0 DE
如果你仔细看,从4字节到12字节,我必须镜像这些值,但是以牺牲前两个字节为代价,我无法理解为什么我得到一个完全不同的。
我写:V-2、P-0、X-0、CC-0 应该得到 10000000
,但我得到 00000010
经过一番尝试,我发现了一个更正确的写法RTP
数据包在QByteArray
中的写法,并意识到了我之前的错误。因此,我在 QByteArray
:
RTP
数据包条目的示例版本
class RtpHeader
{
public:
quint16 m_vp:0x02;
quint16 m_pf:0x01;
quint16 m_xf:0x01;
quint16 m_cc:0x04;
quint16 m_mb:0x01;
quint16 m_pt:0x07;
quint16 m_sn;
quint32 m_tm;
quint32 m_ss;
};
class RtpHeaderEncoder
{
public:
RtpHeaderEncoder(void) noexcept = delete;
RtpHeaderEncoder &operator=(const RtpHeaderEncoder &) noexcept = delete;
RtpHeaderEncoder &operator=(RtpHeaderEncoder &&) noexcept = delete;
RtpHeaderEncoder(const RtpHeaderEncoder &) noexcept = delete;
RtpHeaderEncoder(RtpHeaderEncoder &&) noexcept = delete;
~RtpHeaderEncoder(void) noexcept = delete;
static QByteArray encode(const RtpHeader &hdr) noexcept;
};
QByteArray RtpHeaderEncoder::encode(const RtpHeader &hdr) noexcept
{
QByteArray array;
if ((hdr.m_vp == 0x02) && (hdr.m_pf == 0x00) && (hdr.m_cc <= 0x0F) && (hdr.m_pt <= 0x12)) {
QDataStream stream(&array, QIODevice::WriteOnly);
stream << (((hdr.m_vp & 0x00003) << 0x01E)|
((hdr.m_pf & 0x00001) << 0x01D)|
((hdr.m_xf & 0x00001) << 0x01C)|
((hdr.m_cc & 0x0000F) << 0x018)|
((hdr.m_mb & 0x00001) << 0x017)|
((hdr.m_pt & 0x0007F) << 0x010)|
((hdr.m_sn & 0x0FFFF) << 0x000));
stream << hdr.m_tm << hdr.m_ss;
}
return array;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
RtpHeader hdr;
hdr.m_vp = 2;
hdr.m_pf = 0;
hdr.m_xf = 0;
hdr.m_cc = 0;
hdr.m_mb = 0;
hdr.m_pt = 8;
hdr.m_sn = 1;
hdr.m_tm = 201452158;
hdr.m_ss = 111537764;
QFile file("./rawRtpHeader.bin");
file.open (QIODevice::WriteOnly);
file.write(RtpHeaderEncoder::encode(hdr));
file.close();
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
这种方法既安全又能保证fixed RTP
packet header are filled in correctly. If you need to fill QByteArray
and payload的所有字段,然后在用包头填充数组后,我们自己写入payload。
P.S。如果有任何与代码相关的问题或意见,我将很乐意回答并接受批评。