Oracle：根据变量和历史获取价格 table
Oracle: Get the price based on a variable and history table
我有一个table“变量”和一个table“variables_history”，如下
create table variables
(
variables_id number,
variables_name varchar2(50),
variables_value varchar2(50),
variables_updated_at timestamp
);
create table variables_history
(
variables_id number,
variables_name varchar2(50),
variables_value varchar2(50),
variables_hist_updated_at timestamp
);
历史记录由触发器生成如下。
CREATE OR REPLACE EDITIONABLE TRIGGER "myuser"."trigger_variables_update"
AFTER UPDATE ON myuser.variables
REFERENCING NEW AS NEW OLD AS OLD
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
IF :old.variables_value <> :new.variables_value THEN
INSERT INTO myuser.variables_history
(variables_id,
variables_name,
variables_value,
variables_hist_updated_at
VALUES
(variables_id,
:old.variables_name,
:old.variables_value,
old.variables_updated_at);
END IF;
END trigger_variables_update;
我也有一个 table 有所有的维护
create table maintenance
(
maintenance_id number,
maintenance_status varchar2(20),
maintenance_date timestamp
);
我需要根据 maintenance_date 和 variables_updated_at 或 variables_hist_updated_at
处的变量生成带有 maintenance_price 的输出
像这样
WITH variables_data as
( SELECT 1 variables_id, 'maintenance_price' variables_name, '30.00' variables_value, '2020-08-01 05:00:00.000' variables_updated_at from dual),
variables_history_data as
(
SELECT 1 variables_id, 'maintenance_price' variables_name, '15.90' variables_value, '2019-10-01 11:30:00.000' variables_hist_updated_at from dual union all
SELECT 1 variables_id, 'maintenance_price' variables_name, '10.50' variables_value, '2020-01-01 01:00:00.000' variables_hist_updated_at from dual union all
SELECT 1 variables_id, 'maintenance_price' variables_name, '20.30' variables_value, '2020-05-01 12:30:00.000' variables_hist_updated_at from dual
),
maintenance_data as
(
SELECT 1 maintenance_id, 'COMPLETE' maintenance_status, '2019-02-01 00:30:00.000' maintenance_date from dual union all
SELECT 2 maintenance_id, 'COMPLETE' maintenance_status, '2019-05-01 01:30:00.000' maintenance_date from dual union all
SELECT 3 maintenance_id, 'COMPLETE' maintenance_status, '2019-11-01 02:30:00.000' maintenance_date from dual union all
SELECT 4 maintenance_id, 'COMPLETE' maintenance_status, '2020-07-10 05:30:00.000' maintenance_date from dual union all
SELECT 5 maintenance_id, 'FAILED' maintenance_status, '2020-08-02 11:30:00.000' maintenance_date from dual
SELECT 6 maintenance_id, 'COMPLETE' maintenance_status, '2020-08-20 11:30:00.000' maintenance_date from dual
)
Select
m.maintenance_id,
to_char(m.maintenance_date, 'yyyy/mm/dd') as maintenance_date
v.variables_value
from
maintenances m
join variables v on m.maintenance_date >= v.variables_updated_at
join variables_history vh on m.maintenance_date < variables_hist_updated_at
where maintenance_status = 'COMPLETE';
这个查询只是一个例子，我知道它是错误的
我需要这样的输出（并考虑变量可能有新的更新）。
“variable_value”需要是生成维护时的值。
maintenance_id | maintenance_date | variables_value |
---------------+------------------+-----------------+
1 | 2019-02-01| 15.90 |
---------------+------------------+-----------------+
2 | 2019-05-01| 15.90 |
---------------+------------------+-----------------+
3 | 2019-11-01| 10.50 |
---------------+------------------+-----------------+
4 | 2020-07-10| 20.30 |
---------------+------------------+-----------------+
6 | 2020-08-20| 30.00 |
---------------+------------------+-----------------+
据我了解您的数据（在 Matthew McPeak 的帮助下），历史记录 table 存储价格过时的日期，而另一方面，“实时”table 存储生效日期。
您可以通过两个横向连接来解决这个问题：
select
m.maintenance_id,
to_char(m.maintenance_date, 'yyyy/mm/dd') as maintenance_date,
v.*,
vh.*,
coalesce(v.variables_value, vh.variables_value) as variables_value
from maintenances m
outer apply(
select v.variables_value
from variables_data v
where v.variables_updated_at <= m.maintenance_date
) v
outer apply (
select vh.variables_value
from variables_history_data vh
where vh.variables_hist_updated_at > m.maintenance_date
order by vh.variables_hist_updated_at
fetch first 1 row only
) vh
where m.maintenance_status = 'COMPLETE'
order by 1;
对于您的示例数据，the query returns：
MAINTENANCE_ID | MAINTENANCE_DATE | VARIABLES_VALUE
-------------: | :--------------- | --------------:
1 | 2019/02/01 | 15.9
2 | 2019/05/01 | 15.9
3 | 2019/11/01 | 10.5
4 | 2020/07/10 | null
6 | 2020/08/20 | 30
请注意，您的样本数据中存在问题。历史记录中应该有一行 table 的时间戳对应于实时数据的当前时间戳 - 因此，maintenance_id 4 与任何内容都不匹配。
您可以使用 UNION ALL 组合表格，然后使用 LAG/LEAD 查找最近（或下一个）值：
SELECT *
FROM (
SELECT maintenance_id,
COALESCE(
variables_value,
LAG( variables_value, 1 ) IGNORE NULLS OVER ( ORDER BY maintenance_date ),
LEAD( variables_value, 1 ) IGNORE NULLS OVER ( ORDER BY maintenance_date )
) AS variables_value,
maintenance_date
FROM (
SELECT maintenance_id,
NULL AS variables_value,
maintenance_date
FROM maintenances
WHERE maintenance_status = 'COMPLETE'
UNION ALL
SELECT NULL,
variables_value,
variables_updated_at
FROM variables
UNION ALL
SELECT NULL,
variables_value,
variables_hist_updated_at
FROM variables_history
)
)
WHERE maintenance_id IS NOT NULL;
其中，对于您的示例数据：
CREATE TABLE variables ( variables_id, variables_name, variables_value, variables_updated_at ) as
SELECT 1, 'maintenance_price', 30.00, TIMESTAMP '2020-08-01 05:00:00.000' from dual;
CREATE TABLE variables_history ( variables_id, variables_name, variables_value, variables_hist_updated_at ) as
SELECT 1, 'maintenance_price', 15.90, TIMESTAMP '2019-10-01 11:30:00.000' from dual union all
SELECT 1, 'maintenance_price', 10.50, TIMESTAMP '2020-01-01 01:00:00.000' from dual union all
SELECT 1, 'maintenance_price', 20.30, TIMESTAMP '2020-05-01 12:30:00.000' from dual;
CREATE TABLE maintenances ( maintenance_id, maintenance_status, maintenance_date ) as
SELECT 1, 'COMPLETE', TIMESTAMP '2019-02-01 00:30:00.000' from dual union all
SELECT 2, 'COMPLETE', TIMESTAMP '2019-05-01 01:30:00.000' from dual union all
SELECT 3, 'COMPLETE', TIMESTAMP '2019-11-01 02:30:00.000' from dual union all
SELECT 4, 'COMPLETE', TIMESTAMP '2020-07-10 05:30:00.000' from dual union all
SELECT 5, 'FAILED', TIMESTAMP '2020-08-02 11:30:00.000' from dual union all
SELECT 6, 'COMPLETE', TIMESTAMP '2020-08-20 11:30:00.000' from dual;
输出：
MAINTENANCE_ID | VARIABLES_VALUE | MAINTENANCE_DATE
-------------: | --------------: | :---------------------------
1 | 15.9 | 01-FEB-19 00.30.00.000000000
2 | 15.9 | 01-MAY-19 01.30.00.000000000
3 | 15.9 | 01-NOV-19 02.30.00.000000000
4 | 20.3 | 10-JUL-20 05.30.00.000000000
6 | 30 | 20-AUG-20 11.30.00.000000000
如果交换 LAG 和 LEAD（更喜欢下一个值而不是前一个值）：
SELECT *
FROM (
SELECT maintenance_id,
COALESCE(
variables_value,
LEAD( variables_value, 1 ) IGNORE NULLS OVER ( ORDER BY maintenance_date ),
LAG( variables_value, 1 ) IGNORE NULLS OVER ( ORDER BY maintenance_date )
) AS variables_value,
maintenance_date
FROM (
SELECT maintenance_id,
NULL AS variables_value,
maintenance_date
FROM maintenances
WHERE maintenance_status = 'COMPLETE'
UNION ALL
SELECT NULL,
variables_value,
variables_updated_at
FROM variables
UNION ALL
SELECT NULL,
variables_value,
variables_hist_updated_at
FROM variables_history
)
)
WHERE maintenance_id IS NOT NULL;
则输出为：
MAINTENANCE_ID | VARIABLES_VALUE | MAINTENANCE_DATE
-------------: | --------------: | :---------------------------
1 | 15.9 | 01-FEB-19 00.30.00.000000000
2 | 15.9 | 01-MAY-19 01.30.00.000000000
3 | 10.5 | 01-NOV-19 02.30.00.000000000
4 | 30 | 10-JUL-20 05.30.00.000000000
6 | 30 | 20-AUG-20 11.30.00.000000000
db<>fiddle here
我有一个table“变量”和一个table“variables_history”，如下
create table variables
(
variables_id number,
variables_name varchar2(50),
variables_value varchar2(50),
variables_updated_at timestamp
);
create table variables_history
(
variables_id number,
variables_name varchar2(50),
variables_value varchar2(50),
variables_hist_updated_at timestamp
);
历史记录由触发器生成如下。
CREATE OR REPLACE EDITIONABLE TRIGGER "myuser"."trigger_variables_update"
AFTER UPDATE ON myuser.variables
REFERENCING NEW AS NEW OLD AS OLD
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
IF :old.variables_value <> :new.variables_value THEN
INSERT INTO myuser.variables_history
(variables_id,
variables_name,
variables_value,
variables_hist_updated_at
VALUES
(variables_id,
:old.variables_name,
:old.variables_value,
old.variables_updated_at);
END IF;
END trigger_variables_update;
我也有一个 table 有所有的维护
create table maintenance
(
maintenance_id number,
maintenance_status varchar2(20),
maintenance_date timestamp
);
我需要根据 maintenance_date 和 variables_updated_at 或 variables_hist_updated_at
处的变量生成带有 maintenance_price 的输出像这样
WITH variables_data as
( SELECT 1 variables_id, 'maintenance_price' variables_name, '30.00' variables_value, '2020-08-01 05:00:00.000' variables_updated_at from dual),
variables_history_data as
(
SELECT 1 variables_id, 'maintenance_price' variables_name, '15.90' variables_value, '2019-10-01 11:30:00.000' variables_hist_updated_at from dual union all
SELECT 1 variables_id, 'maintenance_price' variables_name, '10.50' variables_value, '2020-01-01 01:00:00.000' variables_hist_updated_at from dual union all
SELECT 1 variables_id, 'maintenance_price' variables_name, '20.30' variables_value, '2020-05-01 12:30:00.000' variables_hist_updated_at from dual
),
maintenance_data as
(
SELECT 1 maintenance_id, 'COMPLETE' maintenance_status, '2019-02-01 00:30:00.000' maintenance_date from dual union all
SELECT 2 maintenance_id, 'COMPLETE' maintenance_status, '2019-05-01 01:30:00.000' maintenance_date from dual union all
SELECT 3 maintenance_id, 'COMPLETE' maintenance_status, '2019-11-01 02:30:00.000' maintenance_date from dual union all
SELECT 4 maintenance_id, 'COMPLETE' maintenance_status, '2020-07-10 05:30:00.000' maintenance_date from dual union all
SELECT 5 maintenance_id, 'FAILED' maintenance_status, '2020-08-02 11:30:00.000' maintenance_date from dual
SELECT 6 maintenance_id, 'COMPLETE' maintenance_status, '2020-08-20 11:30:00.000' maintenance_date from dual
)
Select
m.maintenance_id,
to_char(m.maintenance_date, 'yyyy/mm/dd') as maintenance_date
v.variables_value
from
maintenances m
join variables v on m.maintenance_date >= v.variables_updated_at
join variables_history vh on m.maintenance_date < variables_hist_updated_at
where maintenance_status = 'COMPLETE';
这个查询只是一个例子，我知道它是错误的
我需要这样的输出（并考虑变量可能有新的更新）。 “variable_value”需要是生成维护时的值。
maintenance_id | maintenance_date | variables_value |
---------------+------------------+-----------------+
1 | 2019-02-01| 15.90 |
---------------+------------------+-----------------+
2 | 2019-05-01| 15.90 |
---------------+------------------+-----------------+
3 | 2019-11-01| 10.50 |
---------------+------------------+-----------------+
4 | 2020-07-10| 20.30 |
---------------+------------------+-----------------+
6 | 2020-08-20| 30.00 |
---------------+------------------+-----------------+
据我了解您的数据（在 Matthew McPeak 的帮助下），历史记录 table 存储价格过时的日期，而另一方面，“实时”table 存储生效日期。
您可以通过两个横向连接来解决这个问题：
select
m.maintenance_id,
to_char(m.maintenance_date, 'yyyy/mm/dd') as maintenance_date,
v.*,
vh.*,
coalesce(v.variables_value, vh.variables_value) as variables_value
from maintenances m
outer apply(
select v.variables_value
from variables_data v
where v.variables_updated_at <= m.maintenance_date
) v
outer apply (
select vh.variables_value
from variables_history_data vh
where vh.variables_hist_updated_at > m.maintenance_date
order by vh.variables_hist_updated_at
fetch first 1 row only
) vh
where m.maintenance_status = 'COMPLETE'
order by 1;
对于您的示例数据，the query returns：
MAINTENANCE_ID | MAINTENANCE_DATE | VARIABLES_VALUE
-------------: | :--------------- | --------------:
1 | 2019/02/01 | 15.9
2 | 2019/05/01 | 15.9
3 | 2019/11/01 | 10.5
4 | 2020/07/10 | null
6 | 2020/08/20 | 30
请注意，您的样本数据中存在问题。历史记录中应该有一行 table 的时间戳对应于实时数据的当前时间戳 - 因此，maintenance_id 4 与任何内容都不匹配。
您可以使用 UNION ALL 组合表格，然后使用 LAG/LEAD 查找最近（或下一个）值：
SELECT *
FROM (
SELECT maintenance_id,
COALESCE(
variables_value,
LAG( variables_value, 1 ) IGNORE NULLS OVER ( ORDER BY maintenance_date ),
LEAD( variables_value, 1 ) IGNORE NULLS OVER ( ORDER BY maintenance_date )
) AS variables_value,
maintenance_date
FROM (
SELECT maintenance_id,
NULL AS variables_value,
maintenance_date
FROM maintenances
WHERE maintenance_status = 'COMPLETE'
UNION ALL
SELECT NULL,
variables_value,
variables_updated_at
FROM variables
UNION ALL
SELECT NULL,
variables_value,
variables_hist_updated_at
FROM variables_history
)
)
WHERE maintenance_id IS NOT NULL;
其中，对于您的示例数据：
CREATE TABLE variables ( variables_id, variables_name, variables_value, variables_updated_at ) as
SELECT 1, 'maintenance_price', 30.00, TIMESTAMP '2020-08-01 05:00:00.000' from dual;
CREATE TABLE variables_history ( variables_id, variables_name, variables_value, variables_hist_updated_at ) as
SELECT 1, 'maintenance_price', 15.90, TIMESTAMP '2019-10-01 11:30:00.000' from dual union all
SELECT 1, 'maintenance_price', 10.50, TIMESTAMP '2020-01-01 01:00:00.000' from dual union all
SELECT 1, 'maintenance_price', 20.30, TIMESTAMP '2020-05-01 12:30:00.000' from dual;
CREATE TABLE maintenances ( maintenance_id, maintenance_status, maintenance_date ) as
SELECT 1, 'COMPLETE', TIMESTAMP '2019-02-01 00:30:00.000' from dual union all
SELECT 2, 'COMPLETE', TIMESTAMP '2019-05-01 01:30:00.000' from dual union all
SELECT 3, 'COMPLETE', TIMESTAMP '2019-11-01 02:30:00.000' from dual union all
SELECT 4, 'COMPLETE', TIMESTAMP '2020-07-10 05:30:00.000' from dual union all
SELECT 5, 'FAILED', TIMESTAMP '2020-08-02 11:30:00.000' from dual union all
SELECT 6, 'COMPLETE', TIMESTAMP '2020-08-20 11:30:00.000' from dual;
输出：
MAINTENANCE_ID | VARIABLES_VALUE | MAINTENANCE_DATE
-------------: | --------------: | :---------------------------
1 | 15.9 | 01-FEB-19 00.30.00.000000000
2 | 15.9 | 01-MAY-19 01.30.00.000000000
3 | 15.9 | 01-NOV-19 02.30.00.000000000
4 | 20.3 | 10-JUL-20 05.30.00.000000000
6 | 30 | 20-AUG-20 11.30.00.000000000
如果交换 LAG 和 LEAD（更喜欢下一个值而不是前一个值）：
SELECT *
FROM (
SELECT maintenance_id,
COALESCE(
variables_value,
LEAD( variables_value, 1 ) IGNORE NULLS OVER ( ORDER BY maintenance_date ),
LAG( variables_value, 1 ) IGNORE NULLS OVER ( ORDER BY maintenance_date )
) AS variables_value,
maintenance_date
FROM (
SELECT maintenance_id,
NULL AS variables_value,
maintenance_date
FROM maintenances
WHERE maintenance_status = 'COMPLETE'
UNION ALL
SELECT NULL,
variables_value,
variables_updated_at
FROM variables
UNION ALL
SELECT NULL,
variables_value,
variables_hist_updated_at
FROM variables_history
)
)
WHERE maintenance_id IS NOT NULL;
则输出为：
MAINTENANCE_ID | VARIABLES_VALUE | MAINTENANCE_DATE
-------------: | --------------: | :---------------------------
1 | 15.9 | 01-FEB-19 00.30.00.000000000
2 | 15.9 | 01-MAY-19 01.30.00.000000000
3 | 10.5 | 01-NOV-19 02.30.00.000000000
4 | 30 | 10-JUL-20 05.30.00.000000000
6 | 30 | 20-AUG-20 11.30.00.000000000
db<>fiddle here