Prolog 程序根据以下事实找出罪犯
Prolog program that finds the culprit of a crime given the following facts
Facts about the situation -- image
（免费在线 OCR:) 警方正试图追查三个偷南瓜的孩子。到目前为止，他们已经确定了以下事实：孩子们的名字是安吉拉、玛丽和大卫；一个是5个，一个是7个，一个是8个；一个姓戴蒙德，一个姓格兰特的比姓梁的大三岁。您可以假设 Angela 和 Mary 是女性，而 David 是男性。
使用 class 中讨论的斑马示例中显示的技术（代码可在课程网页上获得）找到该帮派的缺失信息：每个 child年龄、性别、名字和姓氏，与上面的数据一致。按原样对上述数据进行编码，不要添加额外的事实。适当地记录您的代码。此外，使用您的 Prolog 代码来显示计算的信息是否唯一地标识了罪魁祸首。在文件 q2testa.txt 中提交这些测试结果及其含义的简短解释。
相信嫌疑人可以这样组织：
suspect(Angela, _, _, female)
suspect(Mary, _, _, female)
suspect(David, _, _, male)
我也知道年龄排列如下：
suspect( _, Leung, 5, _)
suspect(_, Diamond, 7, _)
suspect(_, Grant, 8, _)
这就是我在如何创建 Prolog 函数以根据上述信息生成完整的 table 嫌疑犯的地方。一些帮助将不胜感激。
:- op(1,'xfy','contains') .
puzzle(CULPRITs)
:-
there_are_three_culprits(CULPRITs) ,
the_set_of_first_names_is_known(CULPRITs) ,
the_set_of_last_names_is_known(CULPRITs) ,
the_set_of_ages_is_known(CULPRITs) ,
one_is_three_years_older(CULPRITs)
.
there_are_three_culprits(CULPRITs)
:-
length(CULPRITs,3)
.
the_set_of_first_names_is_known(CULPRITs)
:-
CULPRITs contains {first_name:'Angela',last_name:_,age:_} ,
CULPRITs contains {first_name:'Mary',last_name:_,age:_} ,
CULPRITs contains {first_name:'David',last_name:_,age:_}
.
the_set_of_last_names_is_known(CULPRITs)
:-
CULPRITs contains {first_name:_,last_name:'Diamond',age:_} ,
CULPRITs contains {first_name:_,last_name:'Grant',age:_} ,
CULPRITs contains {first_name:_,last_name:'Leung',age:_}
.
the_set_of_ages_is_known(CULPRITs)
:-
CULPRITs contains {first_name:_,last_name:_,age:5} ,
CULPRITs contains {first_name:_,last_name:_,age:7} ,
CULPRITs contains {first_name:_,last_name:_,age:8}
.
one_is_three_years_older(CULPRITs)
:-
CULPRITs contains {first_name:_,last_name:'Grant',age:AGE_GRANT} ,
CULPRITs contains {first_name:_,last_name:'Leung',age:AGE_LEUNG} ,
AGE_GRANT is AGE_LEUNG + 3
.
CULPRITs contains CULPRIT
:-
prolog:member(CULPRIT,CULPRITs)
.
这个谜题没有明确的答案。
根据给定的线索，仍有 36 种可能的解决方案。
/*
?- puzzle(CULPRITs).
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Leung', age:5}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Grant', age:8}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Leung', age:5}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Grant', age:8}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Leung', age:5}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Grant', age:8}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Leung', age:5}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Grant', age:8}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Leung', age:5}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Grant', age:8}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Leung', age:5}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Grant', age:8}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'David', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Leung', age:5}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'David', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Grant', age:8}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'David', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Leung', age:5}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'David', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Grant', age:8}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'David', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'David', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Leung', age:5}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Grant', age:8}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Leung', age:5}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Grant', age:8}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'David', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Leung', age:5}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'David', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Grant', age:8}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'David', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Leung', age:5}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'David', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Grant', age:8}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'David', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'David', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}] ;
false .
*/
一些基本的谓词就很简单了：
members([],_).
members([M|Ms],Xs) :- select(M,Xs,Ys),members(Ms,Ys).
clue1(Suspects) :- members([[angela,_,_,female],[mary,_,_,female],[david,_,_,male]],Suspects).
clue2(Suspects) :- members([[_,leung,5,_],[_,diamond,7,_],[_,grant,8,_]],Suspects).
solve(Suspects) :-
Suspects = [[_,_,_,_],[_,_,_,_],[_,_,_,_]],
clue1(Suspects),
clue2(Suspects).
这给了我：
?- solve(X).
X = [[angela, leung, 5, female], [mary, diamond, 7, female], [david, grant, 8, male]] ;
X = [[angela, leung, 5, female], [mary, grant, 8, female], [david, diamond, 7, male]] ;
X = [[angela, diamond, 7, female], [mary, leung, 5, female], [david, grant, 8, male]] ;
X = [[angela, grant, 8, female], [mary, leung, 5, female], [david, diamond, 7, male]] ;
X = [[angela, diamond, 7, female], [mary, grant, 8, female], [david, leung, 5, male]] ;
X = [[angela, grant, 8, female], [mary, diamond, 7, female], [david, leung, 5, male]] ;
X = [[angela, leung, 5, female], [david, diamond, 7, male], [mary, grant, 8, female]] ;
X = [[angela, leung, 5, female], [david, grant, 8, male], [mary, diamond, 7, female]] ;
X = [[angela, diamond, 7, female], [david, leung, 5, male], [mary, grant, 8, female]] ;
X = [[angela, grant, 8, female], [david, leung, 5, male], [mary, diamond, 7, female]] ;
X = [[angela, diamond, 7, female], [david, grant, 8, male], [mary, leung, 5, female]] ;
X = [[angela, grant, 8, female], [david, diamond, 7, male], [mary, leung, 5, female]] ;
X = [[mary, leung, 5, female], [angela, diamond, 7, female], [david, grant, 8, male]] ;
X = [[mary, leung, 5, female], [angela, grant, 8, female], [david, diamond, 7, male]] ;
X = [[mary, diamond, 7, female], [angela, leung, 5, female], [david, grant, 8, male]] ;
X = [[mary, grant, 8, female], [angela, leung, 5, female], [david, diamond, 7, male]] ;
X = [[mary, diamond, 7, female], [angela, grant, 8, female], [david, leung, 5, male]] ;
X = [[mary, grant, 8, female], [angela, diamond, 7, female], [david, leung, 5, male]] ;
X = [[david, leung, 5, male], [angela, diamond, 7, female], [mary, grant, 8, female]] ;
X = [[david, leung, 5, male], [angela, grant, 8, female], [mary, diamond, 7, female]] ;
X = [[david, diamond, 7, male], [angela, leung, 5, female], [mary, grant, 8, female]] ;
X = [[david, grant, 8, male], [angela, leung, 5, female], [mary, diamond, 7, female]] ;
X = [[david, diamond, 7, male], [angela, grant, 8, female], [mary, leung, 5, female]] ;
X = [[david, grant, 8, male], [angela, diamond, 7, female], [mary, leung, 5, female]] ;
X = [[mary, leung, 5, female], [david, diamond, 7, male], [angela, grant, 8, female]] ;
X = [[mary, leung, 5, female], [david, grant, 8, male], [angela, diamond, 7, female]] ;
X = [[mary, diamond, 7, female], [david, leung, 5, male], [angela, grant, 8, female]] ;
X = [[mary, grant, 8, female], [david, leung, 5, male], [angela, diamond, 7, female]] ;
X = [[mary, diamond, 7, female], [david, grant, 8, male], [angela, leung, 5, female]] ;
X = [[mary, grant, 8, female], [david, diamond, 7, male], [angela, leung, 5, female]] ;
X = [[david, leung, 5, male], [mary, diamond, 7, female], [angela, grant, 8, female]] ;
X = [[david, leung, 5, male], [mary, grant, 8, female], [angela, diamond, 7, female]] ;
X = [[david, diamond, 7, male], [mary, leung, 5, female], [angela, grant, 8, female]] ;
X = [[david, grant, 8, male], [mary, leung, 5, female], [angela, diamond, 7, female]] ;
X = [[david, diamond, 7, male], [mary, grant, 8, female], [angela, leung, 5, female]] ;
X = [[david, grant, 8, male], [mary, diamond, 7, female], [angela, leung, 5, female]].
要遵循您的方法，您需要做的就是将其写下来：
find4( Kids) :-
Kids = [ suspect('Angela', _, _, female),
suspect('Mary', _, _, female),
suspect('David', _, _, male) ],
member( suspect( _, 'Leung', 5, _), Kids),
member( suspect(_, 'Diamond', 7, _), Kids),
member( suspect(_, 'Grant', 8, _), Kids).
所以你实际上已经有了“按原样编码数据”的解决方案，尽管它打破了练习中指定的条件。
请注意，以大写字母开头的原子必须用单引号括起来，否则它们将被视为逻辑变量。
（之前版本的答案如下）。
循序渐进慢慢发展。
我们的第一次尝试不一定成功，只有最后一次成功。
known1(P) :-
P = "the kids' first names are Angela, Mary, and David;
one is 5, one is 7, and one is 8;
one has the last name Diamond, and
the one with the last name Grant is
3 years older than the one with the Last name Leung.
Angela and Mary are female and David is male".
find1(Q) :-
Q = "each child's age, gender, first name and last name".
known2(P) :-
P = [ first_names = [Angela, Mary, David],
ages = [5, 7, 8 ],
last_names = [Diamond, Grant, X ],
ages_of = [[Grant, A1], [Leung, A2]],
ages_diff = [ A1, A2, 3],
males = [ David],
females = [Angela, Mary ] ].
find2(Q) :-
known2(P),
ages(P,Q), genders(P,Q), first_names(P,Q), last_names(P,Q).
现在我们已经熟悉了情况，我们继续定义
find3( Kids ) :-
Kids = [Angela, Mary, David], first_name( Angela, angela),
first_name( Mary, mary),
first_name( David, david),
member( Five, Kids ), age( Five, 5),
member( Seven, Kids ), age( Seven, 7),
member( Eight, Kids ), age( Eight, 8),
member( Diamond, Kids ), last_name( Diamond, 'Diamond'),
member( Grant, Kids ), last_name( Grant, 'Grant'),
age( Grant, A1),
member( Leung, Kids ), last_name( Leung, 'Leung'),
age( Leung, A2),
3 is A1 - A2,
female( Angela),
female( Mary),
male( David).
既然我们到了这里，我们如何实现那些剩余的谓词 age、male 等？一厢情愿，原来如此：
first_name( A, N) :- attr( A, first_name-N).
age( A, N) :- attr( A, age-N).
last_name( A, N) :- attr( A, last_name-N).
male( A ) :- attr( A, gender-male).
female( A ) :- attr( A, gender-female).
所以我们已经到了不能再拖延实际实施的地步了：
%% (* our workhorse: *)
attr( Rep, Attr-Value) :-
memberchk( Attr-X, Rep), % unique attribute names
X = Value.
实际上就是这样：
17 ?- find3(_Kids), maplist(writeln, _Kids).
[first_name-angela,age-5,last_name-Leung,gender-female|_G5742]
[first_name-mary,age-7,last_name-Diamond,gender-female|_G5751]
[first_name-david,age-8,last_name-Grant,gender-male|_G5760]
true .
（还有 5 个解决方案）。
Facts about the situation -- image
（免费在线 OCR:) 警方正试图追查三个偷南瓜的孩子。到目前为止，他们已经确定了以下事实：孩子们的名字是安吉拉、玛丽和大卫；一个是5个，一个是7个，一个是8个；一个姓戴蒙德，一个姓格兰特的比姓梁的大三岁。您可以假设 Angela 和 Mary 是女性，而 David 是男性。
使用 class 中讨论的斑马示例中显示的技术（代码可在课程网页上获得）找到该帮派的缺失信息：每个 child年龄、性别、名字和姓氏，与上面的数据一致。按原样对上述数据进行编码，不要添加额外的事实。适当地记录您的代码。此外，使用您的 Prolog 代码来显示计算的信息是否唯一地标识了罪魁祸首。在文件 q2testa.txt 中提交这些测试结果及其含义的简短解释。
相信嫌疑人可以这样组织：
suspect(Angela, _, _, female)
suspect(Mary, _, _, female)
suspect(David, _, _, male)
我也知道年龄排列如下：
suspect( _, Leung, 5, _)
suspect(_, Diamond, 7, _)
suspect(_, Grant, 8, _)
这就是我在如何创建 Prolog 函数以根据上述信息生成完整的 table 嫌疑犯的地方。一些帮助将不胜感激。
:- op(1,'xfy','contains') .
puzzle(CULPRITs)
:-
there_are_three_culprits(CULPRITs) ,
the_set_of_first_names_is_known(CULPRITs) ,
the_set_of_last_names_is_known(CULPRITs) ,
the_set_of_ages_is_known(CULPRITs) ,
one_is_three_years_older(CULPRITs)
.
there_are_three_culprits(CULPRITs)
:-
length(CULPRITs,3)
.
the_set_of_first_names_is_known(CULPRITs)
:-
CULPRITs contains {first_name:'Angela',last_name:_,age:_} ,
CULPRITs contains {first_name:'Mary',last_name:_,age:_} ,
CULPRITs contains {first_name:'David',last_name:_,age:_}
.
the_set_of_last_names_is_known(CULPRITs)
:-
CULPRITs contains {first_name:_,last_name:'Diamond',age:_} ,
CULPRITs contains {first_name:_,last_name:'Grant',age:_} ,
CULPRITs contains {first_name:_,last_name:'Leung',age:_}
.
the_set_of_ages_is_known(CULPRITs)
:-
CULPRITs contains {first_name:_,last_name:_,age:5} ,
CULPRITs contains {first_name:_,last_name:_,age:7} ,
CULPRITs contains {first_name:_,last_name:_,age:8}
.
one_is_three_years_older(CULPRITs)
:-
CULPRITs contains {first_name:_,last_name:'Grant',age:AGE_GRANT} ,
CULPRITs contains {first_name:_,last_name:'Leung',age:AGE_LEUNG} ,
AGE_GRANT is AGE_LEUNG + 3
.
CULPRITs contains CULPRIT
:-
prolog:member(CULPRIT,CULPRITs)
.
这个谜题没有明确的答案。 根据给定的线索，仍有 36 种可能的解决方案。
/*
?- puzzle(CULPRITs).
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Leung', age:5}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Grant', age:8}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Leung', age:5}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Grant', age:8}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Leung', age:5}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Grant', age:8}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Leung', age:5}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Grant', age:8}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Leung', age:5}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Grant', age:8}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Leung', age:5}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Grant', age:8}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'David', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Leung', age:5}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'David', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Grant', age:8}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'David', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Leung', age:5}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'David', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Grant', age:8}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'David', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'David', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Leung', age:5}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Grant', age:8}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Leung', age:5}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Grant', age:8}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'David', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'David', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Leung', age:5}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'David', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Grant', age:8}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'David', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Leung', age:5}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'David', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Grant', age:8}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'David', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}] ;
CULPRITs = [{first_name:'David', last_name:'Leung', age:5}, {first_name:'Mary', last_name:'Grant', age:8}, {first_name:'Angela', last_name:'Diamond', age:7}] ;
false .
*/
一些基本的谓词就很简单了：
members([],_).
members([M|Ms],Xs) :- select(M,Xs,Ys),members(Ms,Ys).
clue1(Suspects) :- members([[angela,_,_,female],[mary,_,_,female],[david,_,_,male]],Suspects).
clue2(Suspects) :- members([[_,leung,5,_],[_,diamond,7,_],[_,grant,8,_]],Suspects).
solve(Suspects) :-
Suspects = [[_,_,_,_],[_,_,_,_],[_,_,_,_]],
clue1(Suspects),
clue2(Suspects).
这给了我：
?- solve(X). X = [[angela, leung, 5, female], [mary, diamond, 7, female], [david, grant, 8, male]] ; X = [[angela, leung, 5, female], [mary, grant, 8, female], [david, diamond, 7, male]] ; X = [[angela, diamond, 7, female], [mary, leung, 5, female], [david, grant, 8, male]] ; X = [[angela, grant, 8, female], [mary, leung, 5, female], [david, diamond, 7, male]] ; X = [[angela, diamond, 7, female], [mary, grant, 8, female], [david, leung, 5, male]] ; X = [[angela, grant, 8, female], [mary, diamond, 7, female], [david, leung, 5, male]] ; X = [[angela, leung, 5, female], [david, diamond, 7, male], [mary, grant, 8, female]] ; X = [[angela, leung, 5, female], [david, grant, 8, male], [mary, diamond, 7, female]] ; X = [[angela, diamond, 7, female], [david, leung, 5, male], [mary, grant, 8, female]] ; X = [[angela, grant, 8, female], [david, leung, 5, male], [mary, diamond, 7, female]] ; X = [[angela, diamond, 7, female], [david, grant, 8, male], [mary, leung, 5, female]] ; X = [[angela, grant, 8, female], [david, diamond, 7, male], [mary, leung, 5, female]] ; X = [[mary, leung, 5, female], [angela, diamond, 7, female], [david, grant, 8, male]] ; X = [[mary, leung, 5, female], [angela, grant, 8, female], [david, diamond, 7, male]] ; X = [[mary, diamond, 7, female], [angela, leung, 5, female], [david, grant, 8, male]] ; X = [[mary, grant, 8, female], [angela, leung, 5, female], [david, diamond, 7, male]] ; X = [[mary, diamond, 7, female], [angela, grant, 8, female], [david, leung, 5, male]] ; X = [[mary, grant, 8, female], [angela, diamond, 7, female], [david, leung, 5, male]] ; X = [[david, leung, 5, male], [angela, diamond, 7, female], [mary, grant, 8, female]] ; X = [[david, leung, 5, male], [angela, grant, 8, female], [mary, diamond, 7, female]] ; X = [[david, diamond, 7, male], [angela, leung, 5, female], [mary, grant, 8, female]] ; X = [[david, grant, 8, male], [angela, leung, 5, female], [mary, diamond, 7, female]] ; X = [[david, diamond, 7, male], [angela, grant, 8, female], [mary, leung, 5, female]] ; X = [[david, grant, 8, male], [angela, diamond, 7, female], [mary, leung, 5, female]] ; X = [[mary, leung, 5, female], [david, diamond, 7, male], [angela, grant, 8, female]] ; X = [[mary, leung, 5, female], [david, grant, 8, male], [angela, diamond, 7, female]] ; X = [[mary, diamond, 7, female], [david, leung, 5, male], [angela, grant, 8, female]] ; X = [[mary, grant, 8, female], [david, leung, 5, male], [angela, diamond, 7, female]] ; X = [[mary, diamond, 7, female], [david, grant, 8, male], [angela, leung, 5, female]] ; X = [[mary, grant, 8, female], [david, diamond, 7, male], [angela, leung, 5, female]] ; X = [[david, leung, 5, male], [mary, diamond, 7, female], [angela, grant, 8, female]] ; X = [[david, leung, 5, male], [mary, grant, 8, female], [angela, diamond, 7, female]] ; X = [[david, diamond, 7, male], [mary, leung, 5, female], [angela, grant, 8, female]] ; X = [[david, grant, 8, male], [mary, leung, 5, female], [angela, diamond, 7, female]] ; X = [[david, diamond, 7, male], [mary, grant, 8, female], [angela, leung, 5, female]] ; X = [[david, grant, 8, male], [mary, diamond, 7, female], [angela, leung, 5, female]].
要遵循您的方法，您需要做的就是将其写下来：
find4( Kids) :-
Kids = [ suspect('Angela', _, _, female),
suspect('Mary', _, _, female),
suspect('David', _, _, male) ],
member( suspect( _, 'Leung', 5, _), Kids),
member( suspect(_, 'Diamond', 7, _), Kids),
member( suspect(_, 'Grant', 8, _), Kids).
所以你实际上已经有了“按原样编码数据”的解决方案，尽管它打破了练习中指定的条件。
请注意，以大写字母开头的原子必须用单引号括起来，否则它们将被视为逻辑变量。
（之前版本的答案如下）。
循序渐进慢慢发展。
我们的第一次尝试不一定成功，只有最后一次成功。
known1(P) :-
P = "the kids' first names are Angela, Mary, and David;
one is 5, one is 7, and one is 8;
one has the last name Diamond, and
the one with the last name Grant is
3 years older than the one with the Last name Leung.
Angela and Mary are female and David is male".
find1(Q) :-
Q = "each child's age, gender, first name and last name".
known2(P) :-
P = [ first_names = [Angela, Mary, David],
ages = [5, 7, 8 ],
last_names = [Diamond, Grant, X ],
ages_of = [[Grant, A1], [Leung, A2]],
ages_diff = [ A1, A2, 3],
males = [ David],
females = [Angela, Mary ] ].
find2(Q) :-
known2(P),
ages(P,Q), genders(P,Q), first_names(P,Q), last_names(P,Q).
现在我们已经熟悉了情况，我们继续定义
find3( Kids ) :-
Kids = [Angela, Mary, David], first_name( Angela, angela),
first_name( Mary, mary),
first_name( David, david),
member( Five, Kids ), age( Five, 5),
member( Seven, Kids ), age( Seven, 7),
member( Eight, Kids ), age( Eight, 8),
member( Diamond, Kids ), last_name( Diamond, 'Diamond'),
member( Grant, Kids ), last_name( Grant, 'Grant'),
age( Grant, A1),
member( Leung, Kids ), last_name( Leung, 'Leung'),
age( Leung, A2),
3 is A1 - A2,
female( Angela),
female( Mary),
male( David).
既然我们到了这里，我们如何实现那些剩余的谓词 age、male 等？一厢情愿，原来如此：
first_name( A, N) :- attr( A, first_name-N).
age( A, N) :- attr( A, age-N).
last_name( A, N) :- attr( A, last_name-N).
male( A ) :- attr( A, gender-male).
female( A ) :- attr( A, gender-female).
所以我们已经到了不能再拖延实际实施的地步了：
%% (* our workhorse: *)
attr( Rep, Attr-Value) :-
memberchk( Attr-X, Rep), % unique attribute names
X = Value.
实际上就是这样：
17 ?- find3(_Kids), maplist(writeln, _Kids).
[first_name-angela,age-5,last_name-Leung,gender-female|_G5742]
[first_name-mary,age-7,last_name-Diamond,gender-female|_G5751]
[first_name-david,age-8,last_name-Grant,gender-male|_G5760]
true .
（还有 5 个解决方案）。