在字符串中间使用通配符的正则表达式

Question

我有大量来自 [HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Printers\Connections] 的不同用户的注册表导出。此文件包含多行带有“

[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Printers\Connections\,,BBPRINTER01.domain.local,AG-printer-S4]

我需要 BBPRINTER01.domain.local,AG-printer-S4 部分。问题是，BBPRINTER01 和 AG-printer-S4 可能不同。

所以我需要一个正则表达式，它从 [HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Printers\Connections\,,BBPRINTER01.domain.local,AG-printer-S4].

中提取“.domain.local,”

而且我没有任何线索来生成这个:(

with (?<=\[)(.*)(?=\]) 我可以获得包括 [] 在内的所有内容，但我不知道如何从上面只获取通配符字符串。

Answer 1

您可以使用

将子字符串捕获到第 1 组中

\[[^][]*?(\w+\.domain\.local,[^][]*)]

参见 this regex demo。匹配

\[ - 一个 [ 字符
[^][]*? - [ 和 ] 以外的 0+ 个字符尽可能少
( - 捕获组 1 的开始
\w+ - 一个或多个 letters/digits/_
\.domain\.local, - .domain.local, 字符串
[^\]\[]* - ] 和 [
)捕获组结束
] - 一个 ] 字符。

在 PowerShell 中，使用

$result = Get-Content $file | Select-String -Pattern '\w+\.domain\.local,[^][]*'
if ($result.Matches.Success) { $result.Matches.Groups[1].Value }
# => BBPRINTER01.domain.local,AG-printer-S4

PowerShell 测试：

Answer 2

如果你需要从一个文件夹中的多个文件中解析这个，你可以使用

$files = Get-ChildItem -Path 'Path\To\The\Files' -File
foreach ($file in $files) {
    Get-Content -Path $file.FullName | 
    Select-String -Pattern '\[.*,([^,]+,[^\]]+)\]' -AllMatches | 
    ForEach-Object { $_.Matches.Groups[1].Value }
}

正则表达式详细信息

\[              Match the character “[” literally
    .           Match any single character
   *            Between zero and unlimited times, as many times as possible, giving back as needed (greedy)
,               Match the character “,” literally
(               Match the regex below and capture its match into backreference number 1
   [^,]         Match any character that is NOT a “,”
      +         Between one and unlimited times, as many times as possible, giving back as needed (greedy)
   ,            Match the character “,” literally
   [^\]]        Match any character that is NOT a “]”
      +         Between one and unlimited times, as many times as possible, giving back as needed (greedy)
)              
\]              Match the character “]” literally

结果可能类似于

BBPRINTER01.domain.local,AG-printer-S4
BBPRINTER02.otherdomain.local,AG-printer-S5
BBPRINTER03.somedomain.local,AG-printer-S6

编辑

根据您的评论，要同时输出文件路径和正则表达式匹配项，最简洁的方法是输出 objects 而不是字符串，并将这些结果捕获到变量中。使用对象，您还有机会写入可在 Excel:

中打开的结构化 CSV 文件

$files  = Get-ChildItem -Path 'Path\To\The\Files' -File
$result = foreach ($file in $files) {
    Get-Content -Path $file.FullName | 
    Select-String -Pattern '\[.*,([^,]+,[^\]]+)\]' -AllMatches | 
    ForEach-Object { 
        [PsCustomObject]@{
            'SourceFile'   = $file.FullName
            'Regex-Output' = $_.Matches.Groups[1].Value 
        }
    }
}

# output on screen
$result | Format-Table -AutoSize

# write to CSV file
$result | Export-Csv -Path 'Path\To\The\result.csv' -UseCulture -NoTypeInformation

在字符串中间使用通配符的正则表达式

regex with wildcards in the middle of a string

regex

string

powershell

wildcard