詹金斯的新手；简单构建失败，在步骤中找不到这样的 DSL 方法 'pipeline'
New to Jenkins; simple build fails with No such DSL method 'pipeline' found among steps
我有一个简单的 hello world 项目，它在新的 Jenkins 安装上失败了。我正在按照 URL 中的说明进行操作：https://code-maven.com/jenkins-pipeline-hello-world
作为参考，安装了以下简单的构建管道插件：
构建管道插件 1.5.8
管道保留 运行 步骤 1.0
管道实用程序步骤 2.6.1
管道：API 2.40
管道：基本步骤 2.22
管道：构建步骤 2.13
管道：Groovy 2.85
管道：输入步骤 2.12
管道：作业 2.40
管道：保持环境步骤插件 1.0
管道：节点和进程 2.36
管道：REST API 插件 2.18
管道：SCM 步骤 2.11
管道：阶段步骤 2.5
管道：舞台视图插件 2.18
管道：步骤 API 2.23
流水线：支持APIs 3.6
可锁定资源
（这也使得我在发帖前阅读的以下链接不适用：Jenkins pipeline - No such DSL method 'build', , No such DSL method 'pipeline' found among steps）
因此，根据我正在学习的教程，我创建了一个管道，并在配置中将以下代码放入“管道”部分：
pipeline {
agent { label 'master' }
stages {
stage('build') {
steps {
echo "Hello World!"
}
}
}
}
当我点击“立即构建”按钮时，我从控制台输出中得到以下信息：
Started by user dogzilla
Running in Durability level: MAX_SURVIVABILITY
[Pipeline] Start of Pipeline
[Pipeline] End of Pipeline
java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: No such DSL method 'pipeline' found among steps [archive, bat, build, catchError, checkout, compareVersions, deleteDir, dir, echo, error, fileExists, findFiles, getContext, input, isUnix, junit, keepEnv, keepRunning, load, lock, mail, node, nodesByLabel, parallel, powershell, publishChecks, pwd, pwsh, readCSV, readFile, readJSON, readManifest, readMavenPom, readProperties, readYaml, retry, sh, sha1, sleep, stage, stash, step, tee, timeout, tm, tool, touch, unarchive, unstable, unstash, unzip, waitUntil, warnError, withContext, withEnv, wrap, writeCSV, writeFile, writeJSON, writeMavenPom, writeYaml, ws, zip] or symbols [all, always, apiToken, architecture, archiveArtifacts, artifactManager, batchFile, booleanParam, buildButton, buildDiscarder, buildDiscarders, caseInsensitive, caseSensitive, choice, choiceParam, clock, command, credentials, cron, crumb, defaultView, demand, disableConcurrentBuilds, disableResume, downstream, dumb, durabilityHint, envVars, envVarsFilter, file, fileParam, filePath, fingerprint, fingerprints, frameOptions, freeStyle, freeStyleJob, fromScm, fromSource, headRegexFilter, headWildcardFilter, hyperlink, hyperlinkToModels, installSource, javadoc, jdk, jdkInstaller, jnlp, jobBuildDiscarder, jobName, junitTestResultStorage, lastDuration, lastFailure, lastGrantedAuthorities, lastStable, lastSuccess, legacy, list, local, location, logRotator, loggedInUsersCanDoAnything, mailer, masterBuild, maven, maven3Mojos, mavenErrors, mavenMojos, mavenWarnings, myView, nodeProperties, none, paneStatus, parameters, password, pattern, permanent, pipelineTriggers, plainText, plugin, pollSCM, projectNamingStrategy, proxy, queueItemAuthenticator, quietPeriod, resourceRoot, retainOnlyVariables, run, runParam, schedule, scmRetryCount, scriptApproval, scriptApprovalLink, search, security, shell, simpleBuildDiscarder, slave, sourceRegexFilter, sourceWildcardFilter, sshPublicKey, standard, status, string, stringParam, swapSpace, text, textParam, timezone, tmpSpace, toolLocation, unsecured, upstream, userSeed, viewsTabBar, weather, zfs, zip] or globals [currentBuild, env, params]
at org.jenkinsci.plugins.workflow.cps.DSL.invokeMethod(DSL.java:216)
at org.jenkinsci.plugins.workflow.cps.CpsScript.invokeMethod(CpsScript.java:122)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:93)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:325)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1213)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1022)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaClassSite.call(PogoMetaClassSite.java:42)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCall(CallSiteArray.java:48)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:113)
at org.kohsuke.groovy.sandbox.impl.Checker.call(Checker.java:163)
at org.kohsuke.groovy.sandbox.GroovyInterceptor.onMethodCall(GroovyInterceptor.java:23)
at org.jenkinsci.plugins.scriptsecurity.sandbox.groovy.SandboxInterceptor.onMethodCall(SandboxInterceptor.java:157)
at org.jenkinsci.plugins.scriptsecurity.sandbox.groovy.SandboxInterceptor.onMethodCall(SandboxInterceptor.java:142)
at org.kohsuke.groovy.sandbox.impl.Checker.call(Checker.java:161)
at org.kohsuke.groovy.sandbox.impl.Checker.checkedCall(Checker.java:165)
at com.cloudbees.groovy.cps.sandbox.SandboxInvoker.methodCall(SandboxInvoker.java:17)
at WorkflowScript.run(WorkflowScript:1)
at ___cps.transform___(Native Method)
at com.cloudbees.groovy.cps.impl.ContinuationGroup.methodCall(ContinuationGroup.java:86)
at com.cloudbees.groovy.cps.impl.FunctionCallBlock$ContinuationImpl.dispatchOrArg(FunctionCallBlock.java:113)
at com.cloudbees.groovy.cps.impl.FunctionCallBlock$ContinuationImpl.fixArg(FunctionCallBlock.java:83)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at com.cloudbees.groovy.cps.impl.ContinuationPtr$ContinuationImpl.receive(ContinuationPtr.java:72)
at com.cloudbees.groovy.cps.impl.ClosureBlock.eval(ClosureBlock.java:46)
at com.cloudbees.groovy.cps.Next.step(Next.java:83)
at com.cloudbees.groovy.cps.Continuable.call(Continuable.java:174)
at com.cloudbees.groovy.cps.Continuable.call(Continuable.java:163)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.GroovyCategorySupport$ThreadCategoryInfo.use(GroovyCategorySupport.java:129)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.GroovyCategorySupport.use(GroovyCategorySupport.java:268)
at com.cloudbees.groovy.cps.Continuable.run0(Continuable.java:163)
at org.jenkinsci.plugins.workflow.cps.SandboxContinuable.access[=12=]1(SandboxContinuable.java:18)
at org.jenkinsci.plugins.workflow.cps.SandboxContinuable.run0(SandboxContinuable.java:51)
at org.jenkinsci.plugins.workflow.cps.CpsThread.runNextChunk(CpsThread.java:185)
at org.jenkinsci.plugins.workflow.cps.CpsThreadGroup.run(CpsThreadGroup.java:400)
at org.jenkinsci.plugins.workflow.cps.CpsThreadGroup.access0(CpsThreadGroup.java:96)
at org.jenkinsci.plugins.workflow.cps.CpsThreadGroup.call(CpsThreadGroup.java:312)
at org.jenkinsci.plugins.workflow.cps.CpsThreadGroup.call(CpsThreadGroup.java:276)
at org.jenkinsci.plugins.workflow.cps.CpsVmExecutorService.call(CpsVmExecutorService.java:67)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at hudson.remoting.SingleLaneExecutorService.run(SingleLaneExecutorService.java:136)
at jenkins.util.ContextResettingExecutorService.run(ContextResettingExecutorService.java:28)
at jenkins.security.ImpersonatingExecutorService.run(ImpersonatingExecutorService.java:59)
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:511)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Finished: FAILURE
想知道为什么会失败。如果出现 java 问题，Jenkins 甚至不会启动。我已经安装了说明中的所有插件和我读过的一些故障排除链接。
我怎样才能让它工作？
您似乎缺少了一堆管道插件。确保安装“Pipeline”（ID：workflow-aggregator），它将安装其他管道缺少的插件。
https://plugins.jenkins.io/workflow-aggregator/#dependencies
有人在其他论坛上帮助我时，我看到了答案。在这里张贴以防它对其他人有用。
在https://www.jenkins.io/doc/book/pipeline/syntax/中说：
所有有效的声明式管道都必须包含在管道块中，例如：
pipeline {
/* insert Declarative Pipeline here */
}
因此，当我将示例脚本包装在管道 {} 中时，它起作用了。
我有一个简单的 hello world 项目，它在新的 Jenkins 安装上失败了。我正在按照 URL 中的说明进行操作：https://code-maven.com/jenkins-pipeline-hello-world
作为参考，安装了以下简单的构建管道插件：
构建管道插件 1.5.8
管道保留 运行 步骤 1.0
管道实用程序步骤 2.6.1
管道：API 2.40
管道：基本步骤 2.22
管道：构建步骤 2.13
管道：Groovy 2.85
管道：输入步骤 2.12
管道：作业 2.40
管道：保持环境步骤插件 1.0
管道：节点和进程 2.36
管道：REST API 插件 2.18
管道：SCM 步骤 2.11
管道：阶段步骤 2.5
管道：舞台视图插件 2.18
管道：步骤 API 2.23
流水线：支持APIs 3.6
可锁定资源
（这也使得我在发帖前阅读的以下链接不适用：Jenkins pipeline - No such DSL method 'build',
因此，根据我正在学习的教程，我创建了一个管道，并在配置中将以下代码放入“管道”部分：
pipeline {
agent { label 'master' }
stages {
stage('build') {
steps {
echo "Hello World!"
}
}
}
}
当我点击“立即构建”按钮时，我从控制台输出中得到以下信息：
Started by user dogzilla
Running in Durability level: MAX_SURVIVABILITY
[Pipeline] Start of Pipeline
[Pipeline] End of Pipeline
java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: No such DSL method 'pipeline' found among steps [archive, bat, build, catchError, checkout, compareVersions, deleteDir, dir, echo, error, fileExists, findFiles, getContext, input, isUnix, junit, keepEnv, keepRunning, load, lock, mail, node, nodesByLabel, parallel, powershell, publishChecks, pwd, pwsh, readCSV, readFile, readJSON, readManifest, readMavenPom, readProperties, readYaml, retry, sh, sha1, sleep, stage, stash, step, tee, timeout, tm, tool, touch, unarchive, unstable, unstash, unzip, waitUntil, warnError, withContext, withEnv, wrap, writeCSV, writeFile, writeJSON, writeMavenPom, writeYaml, ws, zip] or symbols [all, always, apiToken, architecture, archiveArtifacts, artifactManager, batchFile, booleanParam, buildButton, buildDiscarder, buildDiscarders, caseInsensitive, caseSensitive, choice, choiceParam, clock, command, credentials, cron, crumb, defaultView, demand, disableConcurrentBuilds, disableResume, downstream, dumb, durabilityHint, envVars, envVarsFilter, file, fileParam, filePath, fingerprint, fingerprints, frameOptions, freeStyle, freeStyleJob, fromScm, fromSource, headRegexFilter, headWildcardFilter, hyperlink, hyperlinkToModels, installSource, javadoc, jdk, jdkInstaller, jnlp, jobBuildDiscarder, jobName, junitTestResultStorage, lastDuration, lastFailure, lastGrantedAuthorities, lastStable, lastSuccess, legacy, list, local, location, logRotator, loggedInUsersCanDoAnything, mailer, masterBuild, maven, maven3Mojos, mavenErrors, mavenMojos, mavenWarnings, myView, nodeProperties, none, paneStatus, parameters, password, pattern, permanent, pipelineTriggers, plainText, plugin, pollSCM, projectNamingStrategy, proxy, queueItemAuthenticator, quietPeriod, resourceRoot, retainOnlyVariables, run, runParam, schedule, scmRetryCount, scriptApproval, scriptApprovalLink, search, security, shell, simpleBuildDiscarder, slave, sourceRegexFilter, sourceWildcardFilter, sshPublicKey, standard, status, string, stringParam, swapSpace, text, textParam, timezone, tmpSpace, toolLocation, unsecured, upstream, userSeed, viewsTabBar, weather, zfs, zip] or globals [currentBuild, env, params]
at org.jenkinsci.plugins.workflow.cps.DSL.invokeMethod(DSL.java:216)
at org.jenkinsci.plugins.workflow.cps.CpsScript.invokeMethod(CpsScript.java:122)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:93)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:325)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1213)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1022)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaClassSite.call(PogoMetaClassSite.java:42)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCall(CallSiteArray.java:48)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:113)
at org.kohsuke.groovy.sandbox.impl.Checker.call(Checker.java:163)
at org.kohsuke.groovy.sandbox.GroovyInterceptor.onMethodCall(GroovyInterceptor.java:23)
at org.jenkinsci.plugins.scriptsecurity.sandbox.groovy.SandboxInterceptor.onMethodCall(SandboxInterceptor.java:157)
at org.jenkinsci.plugins.scriptsecurity.sandbox.groovy.SandboxInterceptor.onMethodCall(SandboxInterceptor.java:142)
at org.kohsuke.groovy.sandbox.impl.Checker.call(Checker.java:161)
at org.kohsuke.groovy.sandbox.impl.Checker.checkedCall(Checker.java:165)
at com.cloudbees.groovy.cps.sandbox.SandboxInvoker.methodCall(SandboxInvoker.java:17)
at WorkflowScript.run(WorkflowScript:1)
at ___cps.transform___(Native Method)
at com.cloudbees.groovy.cps.impl.ContinuationGroup.methodCall(ContinuationGroup.java:86)
at com.cloudbees.groovy.cps.impl.FunctionCallBlock$ContinuationImpl.dispatchOrArg(FunctionCallBlock.java:113)
at com.cloudbees.groovy.cps.impl.FunctionCallBlock$ContinuationImpl.fixArg(FunctionCallBlock.java:83)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at com.cloudbees.groovy.cps.impl.ContinuationPtr$ContinuationImpl.receive(ContinuationPtr.java:72)
at com.cloudbees.groovy.cps.impl.ClosureBlock.eval(ClosureBlock.java:46)
at com.cloudbees.groovy.cps.Next.step(Next.java:83)
at com.cloudbees.groovy.cps.Continuable.call(Continuable.java:174)
at com.cloudbees.groovy.cps.Continuable.call(Continuable.java:163)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.GroovyCategorySupport$ThreadCategoryInfo.use(GroovyCategorySupport.java:129)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.GroovyCategorySupport.use(GroovyCategorySupport.java:268)
at com.cloudbees.groovy.cps.Continuable.run0(Continuable.java:163)
at org.jenkinsci.plugins.workflow.cps.SandboxContinuable.access[=12=]1(SandboxContinuable.java:18)
at org.jenkinsci.plugins.workflow.cps.SandboxContinuable.run0(SandboxContinuable.java:51)
at org.jenkinsci.plugins.workflow.cps.CpsThread.runNextChunk(CpsThread.java:185)
at org.jenkinsci.plugins.workflow.cps.CpsThreadGroup.run(CpsThreadGroup.java:400)
at org.jenkinsci.plugins.workflow.cps.CpsThreadGroup.access0(CpsThreadGroup.java:96)
at org.jenkinsci.plugins.workflow.cps.CpsThreadGroup.call(CpsThreadGroup.java:312)
at org.jenkinsci.plugins.workflow.cps.CpsThreadGroup.call(CpsThreadGroup.java:276)
at org.jenkinsci.plugins.workflow.cps.CpsVmExecutorService.call(CpsVmExecutorService.java:67)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at hudson.remoting.SingleLaneExecutorService.run(SingleLaneExecutorService.java:136)
at jenkins.util.ContextResettingExecutorService.run(ContextResettingExecutorService.java:28)
at jenkins.security.ImpersonatingExecutorService.run(ImpersonatingExecutorService.java:59)
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:511)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Finished: FAILURE
想知道为什么会失败。如果出现 java 问题，Jenkins 甚至不会启动。我已经安装了说明中的所有插件和我读过的一些故障排除链接。
我怎样才能让它工作？
您似乎缺少了一堆管道插件。确保安装“Pipeline”（ID：workflow-aggregator），它将安装其他管道缺少的插件。
https://plugins.jenkins.io/workflow-aggregator/#dependencies
有人在其他论坛上帮助我时，我看到了答案。在这里张贴以防它对其他人有用。
在https://www.jenkins.io/doc/book/pipeline/syntax/中说：
所有有效的声明式管道都必须包含在管道块中，例如：
pipeline {
/* insert Declarative Pipeline here */
}
因此，当我将示例脚本包装在管道 {} 中时，它起作用了。