未定义的符号，尽管已在链接库 (CUDA 10.1) 中定义

Question

我有一个库 my_lib.so，它链接到几个 CUDA 10.1 库，包括 libnppicc.so。

运行 ldd 在库上输出以下内容 - 所有依赖项都已正确解析：

12:51:45 ~/ $ ldd my_lib.so
        linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007fffc5183000)
        libopenblas.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopenblas.so.0 (0x00007f8bdbb00000)
        librt.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librt.so.1 (0x00007f8bdbaf6000)
        libomp.so => /usr/lib/llvm-7/lib/libomp.so (0x00007f8bdba0d000)
        libpthread.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f8bdb9ec000)
        libcudnn.so.7 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcudnn.so.7 (0x00007f8bc5100000)
        libdl.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f8bc50f9000)
        libcudart.so.10.1 => /usr/local/cuda-10.1/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudart.so.10.1 (0x00007f8bc4e33000)
        libcublas.so.10 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcublas.so.10 (0x00007f8bc1098000)
        libcufft.so.10 => /usr/local/cuda/lib64/libcufft.so.10 (0x00007f8bb2d34000)
        libcusolver.so.10 => /usr/local/cuda-10.1/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcusolver.so.10 (0x00007f8ba8229000)
        libcurand.so.10 => /usr/local/cuda/lib64/libcurand.so.10 (0x00007f8ba32f9000)
        libnppicc.so.10 => /usr/local/cuda-10.1/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppicc.so.10 (0x00007f8ba2cba000)
        libnppial.so.10 => /usr/local/cuda-10.1/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppial.so.10 (0x00007f8ba1f67000)
        libnppist.so.10 => /usr/local/cuda-10.1/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppist.so.10 (0x00007f8ba0b11000)
        libnppidei.so.10 => /usr/local/cuda-10.1/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppidei.so.10 (0x00007f8ba0121000)
        libnppig.so.10 => /usr/local/cuda-10.1/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppig.so.10 (0x00007f8b9e64f000)
        libnppitc.so.10 => /usr/local/cuda-10.1/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppitc.so.10 (0x00007f8b9e165000)
        libnpps.so.10 => /usr/local/cuda-10.1/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnpps.so.10 (0x00007f8b9d6de000)
        libnvToolsExt.so.1 => /usr/local/cuda/lib64/libnvToolsExt.so.1 (0x00007f8b9d4d5000)
        libstdc++.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 (0x00007f8b9d351000)
        libm.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007f8b9d1ce000)
        libmvec.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmvec.so.1 (0x00007f8b9d1a2000)
        libgcc_s.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007f8b9d188000)
        libc.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f8b9cfc5000)
        /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f8c3990d000)
        libgfortran.so.5 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgfortran.so.5 (0x00007f8b9cd57000)
        libcublasLt.so.10 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcublasLt.so.10 (0x00007f8b9aeb3000)
        libnppc.so.10 => /usr/local/cuda-10.1/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppc.so.10 (0x00007f8b9ac38000)
        libquadmath.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libquadmath.so.0 (0x00007f8b9abf4000)
        libz.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 (0x00007f8b9a9d6000)

接下来，我有一个 python 绑定库，它正确链接到这个共享库 lib_tf.so。当我尝试运行一个导入 python 模块的简单 python 程序时，出现以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 8, in <module>
    import myLib
ImportError: /home/Jim/my_python_bindings_lib.cpython-37m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so: undefined symbol: nppiGammaInv_8u_C3IR

所以我们得到一个未定义的符号错误 nppiGammaInv_8u_C3IR。奇怪的是这个符号是在被链接的libnppicc.so中定义的。

我们可以通过运行ning nm:

确认情况是否如此

12:51:53 ~/$ nm -D /usr/local/cuda-10.1/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libnppicc.so.10 | gr
ep nppiGammaInv_8u_C3IR
0000000000090590 T nppiGammaInv_8u_C3IR
00000000000907b0 T nppiGammaInv_8u_C3IR_Ctx

当符号有定义时，为什么我会收到此错误？奇怪的是，当我运行在其他安装了 CUDA 10.1 的机器上使用相同的测试脚本和库时，它工作正常。所以这台特定机器有问题，但我不知道是什么。我也在这台机器上安装了 cuda 11.1，不确定是否相关。

编辑

有人建议我也在 python 绑定库上运行 ldd，所以这里是：

09:49:10 ~/ $ ldd my_python_bindings_lib.cpython-37m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
        linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffd3f79c000)
        my_lib.so => /home/Jim/my_lib.so (0x00007f5a522f4000)
        libgomp.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgomp.so.1 (0x00007f5a522c3000)
        libpthread.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f5a522a2000)
        libstdc++.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 (0x00007f5a5211e000)
        libm.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007f5a51f9b000)
        libgcc_s.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007f5a51f7f000)
        libc.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f5a51dbe000)
        /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f5ab0bd0000)
        libopenblas.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopenblas.so.0 (0x00007f5a4fbda000)
        librt.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librt.so.1 (0x00007f5a4fbd0000)
        libomp.so => /usr/lib/llvm-7/lib/libomp.so (0x00007f5a4fae7000)
        libcudnn.so.7 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcudnn.so.7 (0x00007f5a391fb000)
        libdl.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f5a391f4000)
        libcudart.so.10.1 => /usr/local/cuda-10.1/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudart.so.10.1 (0x00007f5a38f2e000)
        libcublas.so.10 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcublas.so.10 (0x00007f5a35193000)
        libcufft.so.10 => /usr/local/cuda/lib64/libcufft.so.10 (0x00007f5a26e2f000)
        libcusolver.so.10 => /usr/local/cuda-10.1/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcusolver.so.10 (0x00007f5a1c324000)
        libcurand.so.10 => /usr/local/cuda/lib64/libcurand.so.10 (0x00007f5a173f2000)
        libnvToolsExt.so.1 => /usr/local/cuda/lib64/libnvToolsExt.so.1 (0x00007f5a171e9000)
        libgfortran.so.5 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgfortran.so.5 (0x00007f5a16f7b000)
        libcublasLt.so.10 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcublasLt.so.10 (0x00007f5a150d7000)
        libquadmath.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libquadmath.so.0 (0x00007f5a15093000)
        libz.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 (0x00007f5a14e75000)

Answer 1

您正在导入一个 Python 模块，它依赖于 my_python_bindings_lib.cpython-37m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so。

那个图书馆：

具有未解析的符号 nppiGammaInv_8u_C3IR（在 libnppicc 中定义），并且
不取决于libnppicc.so.10定义符号的位置。

极有可能 my_python_bindings_lib 应该依赖于 libnppicc （因为它使用在那里定义的符号），并且添加该依赖性将修复你的 import 问题。

未定义的符号，尽管已在链接库 (CUDA 10.1) 中定义

Undefined symbol, despite being defined in linked library (CUDA 10.1)

c++

python

linker

shared-libraries